that you might not know about yale, yale was directly connected through its member into the lss andlater cia. many of the great leaders of the cia, many of the people that you know, number of people who are assumed to be the people on the graph were yalees. meyer, george bundy, all yalees, some of them were skull and bobs and some weren't. the cia in 1943, 43 members to have class go to lss. there's a statute in front of cia headquarters who was made nathan yale. that institute in front of cia headquarters is a model of another statute on yale university campus because nathan yale was class of 1773, right. we get to 2004. you two bonesmen, george w bush whose father was a bonesman and head of the cia and also the head of the major oil companies whose father, father grandfather, prescott bush was a bonesman running another bonesman in 2004. the arguments are there's a secret society of yale into the american intelligence agency and the guys sitting and writing northwoods maybe not but the sense is they all came from yale and played squash together and said they don't we have a false

the shops at yale is another example of that so local businesses around yale are being replaced withlulu lemon and shake shack. >> everybody of a certain status. my wife used to teach at ohio state and there was this area that's was in the campus area filled with dive bars and sort of old man bars and the university and the city got together and spruced it up in a way that starts to look like any mall.the same retail, the same restaurant. just to attract the same types of students. it homogenized as the city. >> don't get me wrong, overall residents agreed that usc village, the commercial area around yale could have used sprucing up. could have used some revitalization but that 't shouldn't have to meet local t businesses. it shouldn't have to mean commercial homogenization. there are a number of options in between those two polarities . and we are using more in this discussion. >> since it's the end of our time together i want to talk about the work you do in the city and some of the, i want to let our audience know we'regetting to some of that optimal stakes . so here i ask you to

the shops at new haven and yale is another example.local businesses around yale work replaced with shake shack. >> everybody of a certain status. there is an area in columbus campus area filled with bars and old man bars can be got together and it starts to look like a model. compete and attract the same kind of students. >> local residents agreed usc village, the commercial area around yale would have use sprucing up but i shouldn't have to mean local businesses or commercial homogenization. options in between them and we are using that in these discussions. >> for the end of our timehe together talking about the work you do in the lab and i want to let our audience know we are getting to the optimistic it's i want to get to. going to ask you to talk about your school a little bit. i want to preface that pricing university of michigan has a complicated relationship not only with the city but also neighboringre cities and even me with detroit in the university contemplates or acts in large developments projects detroit that are a narra

skull bones, this was established in 1832 at yale university. it meets in the windowless room on your university campus called the tomb. pics people who be successful. about 15 minutes and that women every year. have you guys heard of the skull and bones? this is, the our societies with secrets and how to get tighten together things we talked about? this is the skull and bones class of 47. this is a headline from your times which is yale, a great nursery of spooks. one thing you might not know about yell is yet was directly connected through its membership into the os app and later the cia. many of the great leaders of the cia many of the people you know, number of people who assumed to be the people on the three tramps on the grassy knoll were from yale. court meyer, james angleton, nick george bundy all from yale all some of them were skull and bones some were not. later when into the os at and then the cia. the cia in 1943, 42 members of the klesko one into the osf. there is a statue in front of cia headquarters whose nathan hale, the first s

you also went to harvard and yale. so, you know a lot about and you know they throw a lot of money at the public schools have horrific teacher's students were essentially calling all the shots. what has gavin newsom done wrong and what we do in terms of education, and kevin kiley. >> thank you for having me on i taught tenth grade english. kennedy: they don't pass there's no one at per grade level proficiency it's all the same. any who.

trinity college and the specifics of the relationship between hartford and that school as well as yale and you haven. i grew up on the upper west side of manhattan not far from columbia when there was a lot of come for the aftermath of not building morningside heights the notion of community benefits and university production was something that was sort of swollen around. my dad taught at nyu and it was -- nyu was a regional school. you get the sort of ritzy, you talk about his character several times. that describes importance of the university as what they used as an anchor institution. >> right. >> i'm curious where in your research and your example where you notice that terminology starts happening? what's important to be this anchor institution that we need to protect it in a lot of ways whether it's policing or with special privileges that allow for favorable tax deals or for instances like cultural piracy. >> this is great because allows me to talk about the history about the story that led up to this reality. for those who are not aware, a majorou observation after i went to un

colleges, what is called of the little ivies and one school people go to when they can't get into yaleand both dynamics and it's the middle of what has become an increasingly poor, brown, latinx city, capitol city, and for decades, the university found different ways to fortify itself in the stories we have been telling all along. in fact the gothic quadrangle style of the university of chicago that we are familiar with was modeled on a trinity campus. the fortification, and we get to the 1990s, there's that same kind of story but interest of enlightened self-interest that for years the elite nature of trinity college was able to rise above the existence in a modest capital city but the violence and posted got to a point that people were not coming to the cool in the 80s and 90s because of fears -- sometime it wasn't fear of violence, just fear of poverty. poverty looked different. and so trinity did something that they even it own trustees and alums thought they would never do. they hired this interesting character by the name of evan d do below whoget this batch records degree until

he stays at yale for five and a half or six years. these are the years we don't know much about ford as we would like too. there's still a lot of work to be done here, productive work. he learned to play tennis, he learned to playy golf, ski. the toping one of models he ends up in the magazine spreads it is also gave voice to his isolationism as world war ii was boiling in thee pacific. ford was part of what the majority opinion in the united states he helped found america the first chapter yell worked help others establish them. he seems to be letting loose world war ii, to shed him of his isolationist position and it makes the transition to an internationalist. 1943 covid 1944 he spends most of the aircraft carrier. talked about him coming close to losing his life in the tornado a 1944. closerte examination of the u.s. moderate shows the intent amount of action that he actually saw off the philippines, he earns eight battle e stars. he is the athletic officer, a gunnery officer in the assistant navigator as o well. you see them on t

only one of the current justices on the supreme court is not a graduate of either harvard or yale law school. ted cruz is a graduate of harvard, josh hawley, bill and hillary clinton is a graduate of harvard law school. those law schools produce mostly high-priced corporate lawyers and they also produce politicians, some of whom end up on the united states supreme court. and they end up on the supreme court by successfully navigating the politics of the con fourmation process. they navigate that process in the united states senate, which is in and of itself an anti-democratic institution. each state gets two senators. that leaves republicans overrepresented in the united states senate. the united states senate creates an asterisk that must appear at the end of every sentence that calls the american government a democracy. the number of united states supreme court justices fluctuated until 1869 when the number was set at nine in federal law. those nine judges were the final judicial authority in a country of 38 million people and only 37 states in 1869. we now have 332 million people w

the shops at yale is another example of that.local businesses around to gail and being replaced with lululemon and shake shack. >> everybody has a certain status. ohio state. this was an area that was filled with dive bars and old, you know, old man bars. in the university got together and spruce it up and away that it looked like any mall. i think it was to compete and attract the same type of students. >> don't get me wrong, local residents agreed that usc village, the commercial area around dl, it could use sprucing up. that should not have to mean local businesses. it should not have to mean commercial. there are a number of options in between those two areas. we are using this more in the discussion. >> towards the end of our time together, talking about the work that you do in the lab and i want to let our audience know that we are getting to some of the optimistic bits. so, i will ask you to talk about your school a little bit. i preface that by saying here we are at the university of michigan that has a complicated relati

students they're never intending to take so harvard, princeton, gayle and you harvard, princeton or yale up apply that's one more rejection it makes it more exclusive. it's an extremely unethical act it's wasting people's time, wasting their money, leading them on increase the prestige of the university and the ranking systems. >> what was your college experience would you do it differently today? >> i went to a small liberal arts college for undergraduate. graduate school phd and a large public university taught at both types of institutions. i see some similarities some differences i offer the same advice into the high school students when i talk to them today, think about it strategically. pick a major base out what you think will be suited and trying to discover yourself are trying to find a new path, hobby or consumption in life. in other words, think a way to get to college efficiently. one thing i would have done is continuing in the community college credit not the general education requirements out of the way. what we will find is these are the major contributor to the cost of c

the most famous story about this in the 70s is what happened at yale. yale had a women's crew team but they weren't allowed to use a boat house. the men had a really nice boat house after they worked out in the icy winter, kind of like what we've had this week or whatever. the men could go in and change and get warm, take a hot shower, and then ride comfortably back to campus. the women had to work out on the water, even if it was raining, and then just go sit on a bus in their soaking wet clothes until they went all the way back to campus. and a lot of them ended up with pneumonia, and they wrote grievance after grievance and then finally the captain of that team and some of the other women went into the office of the president of the university and took off their shirts and with naked torsos stood in a row with title ix painted on their chests. they got a boat house. great story, right? okay. so let's say in some scenarios you would see schools adding here, trimming there, but everyone had a kind of independent solution. and in fact, a lot of schools

when the shops at new haven, the shots at yale.cal businesses around there, being replaced with lulu lemon, shake shack. >> everybody had sort of a certain status. there is this area in columbus sprucing up and away and that includes competing in attracting this, homogenizing city at the same time. >> don't get me wrong, local residents agree that usc village, the commercial area around yale, itre could have usd some sprucing up. some kind of validation, but that shouldn't have to mean local businesses. it shouldn't have to mean commercial homogenization. they're a number of options in between it and we are using either or in the discussion. >> that is true. >> i was going to ask you to talk about this. and even more so with detroit, even as they act as a large development. not includes a sort of narrative in terms of engagement with a office and so i'm really curious willing to talk about what it's like you write about a little little bit of the arc of the characters involved, at least describing it in these terms. >> sure, thank

by the way his classmates include hank paulson who they like to say is the most famous person at yale at that time was the inet garten. now we are going to talk about this fantastic look "three days at camp david." it is a remarkable summary of one of the key events that happened in the global financial world and i would also argue one of the great events are most important events in terms of really dealing with the u.s. role in the rest of the world and changing the dynamic of global policy as well as global financial markets. jeffrey, welcome. i want to open this up i ask you why you wrote the book and why you think this is the subject of crucial importance. >> thank you david. you know i've written several hooks and they are all about the global economy and the political dimension of the global economy but they had dwelt very much on trends and i wanted to try something else. i wanted to identify a single event really focus in on it and focus in on great detail so that you knew the people and you knew what was in their head and you knew what was influencing them in terms of the glo

his second book he co-writes with brent bozle, who's his friend from yale.is the guy that's looking a bit stone ond the left. it's called "mccarthy and his enemies," and it's a defense of mccarthy as a patriot who has been misunderstood by the american people. okay? bozle, here he looks like a joker. actually, he is an important figure himself. he'll later be a speech writer for barry goldwater. establishing the ideological template for conservative republicanism which we'll come back to the fore in the 1960s. what's happening in this piece then is basically the re-articulation of a libertarian philosophy. he argues, on 197, that the competitive price system is indispensable. it's a return to like 19th century ideas about the state needs to be out of the economy. in this regard, he's influenced by this guy, frederick hayek, austrian economist who formed his ideas about the need for the price mechanism to be the center of economic activity in vienna where he was very upset by riot s on the street, as people were trying to imagine a more socialist viennese pol

he puts them off and eventually turned them down because he wants to go to yale. he goes to yell without promise of entry into lost about because he has a job at the athletic department and then petitions the law school for entry which eventually earned. >> very good. on another light spirited one, want to bring up chevy chase. gerald ford is spoofed a little bit on saturday night live opting not to show any clips today, just a couple of things, clumsy and so forth. was that just unfair? is that sort of a hazard of being a president and being under the microscope? is there any truth to saturday night live's take on president ford? >> there is a grain of truth in any character. any good character. i met think chevy chase was good at character. i will say that ford laughed it off. i will say also that got under ford's skin. he was arguably the most accomplished athlete to ever occupy the oval office. as you pointed out, three offers to play professional football. an unnatural just about any sport he picked up. he had bad knees because he played football party in ope

. >> we see the shops at new haven or yale.so those are being replaced with lulu london and shake shack. >> 's everybody with a certain status quick. >> there was an area and columbus filled with dive bars and old man bars so it starts to look like any mall. and to attract the same types of students which homogenize is the cities at the same time. >> don't get me wrong local residents agreed that usc village the area around yale that have used spruce in cap or a revitalization but that shouldn't haveav to mean local business displacement it shouldn't have to mean commercial homogenization. there's a number of options between those. we are left with either or in these discussions. >> at the end of our time together want to talk about the work that you do and let the audience know of those optimistic that so how have you talk about your skill on —- school a little bit to preface that here michigan has a complicated relationship but also in the neighboring cities as university contemplates with large development projects in detroi

the florida government, he of the disagrees from harvard and yale allowed straight-up quack medicineispensed from his podium today, never said a word about it. never corrected the record. that some official sounding noise. >> yes it is and i think that unfortunately, brian if you live in the state of florida, even if you are not aligned with the political party, one rational human would think that your governor is acting in your best interest despite political sides. here is a clear situation where you have not just one governor who has some sort of future president aspiration, but many other governors falling in line. and then unfortunately local officials who are really short on time. and trying to put forth what they hear some of their leadership saying. and i think that that's clearly something that biden administration hasn't confronted, they knew this would happen with mandates by the way. you know that they didn't go through this lightly. but i do think that the misinformation campaign, and anything that gets put out by political leaders, were some of the ability. i think the

russell kirk's a conservative man, bill buckley's got a man at yale.ething momentous had happened and that the republican party have become a party of ideas. well ideas have gone on vacation in the republican party partly because they can't be expressed in twitter and new media that experienced by tuperation and venting and all the rest. this is why in a way, technologies have made the world safe. it's made the republican party captive to donald trump. >> you argue in the book, that social media which we've spent a lot of time on this particular program discussing today is actually good for the literary world. how come? >> well, it can give a great velocity to ideas. what it's done is made speech cheap, in the sense, in order to disseminate ideas in previous ages to large numbers of people, you had to own a printing press. or a broadcasting entity. today, we've given unlimited access to inexpensive dissemination of speech. that sounds like a good thing. the problem is, there are no g gate keepers so if you're stark raving mad and overflowing with weird

rutgers, excuse me, to yale university in new haven, connecticut. the flooding is also stranding air travel with water rising in the lower level of newark international airport. now work has since been able to resume "limited flight operations" but earlier tornados touched down in southern new jersey. dozens of homes were destroyed. now, joining us on the phone is pat -- a retired nypd detective and the founder and president of a consulting company. he drove through what he tells me was four feet of water in westchester county and has many employees right now helping in louisiana. can you hear me right now? >> yes, loud and clear. hi. >> we were talking just a little bit ago, pat, you said there were about four feet of water you were driving through but you also saw people getting out walking through it and you said that's what was so frightening to see. >> well, it was amazing because there were people walking, and i was speaking to them when i was in my truck. it was high. it's a truck that's kind of built for that coincidentally. up quite high. 6

. >> that's ron desantis who has degrees from harvard and yale. the administration also facing more questions about its military exit and evacuation from afghanistan. for hours today secretary of state blinken defended the withdrawal during the first congressional hearing since u.s. forces pulled out. lawmakers from both parties have been critical of how the withdrawal was carried out, but during today's house foreign affairs hearing, republicans were particularly combative. >> this was an unmitigated disaster of epic proportions. i never thought in my lifetime that i would see an unconditional surrender to the taliban. >> we relied upon the taliban to be our security. in essence we ended up getting 13 of our military personnel and over 150 afghan civilians killed by relying on the taliban. they didn't provide very good security. we never should have relied on them. >> we were not relying upon the taliban. as you know what happened was the afghan security forces and the government collapsed within the space of 11 days. >> do you take any responsib

. >> yale the two say they are very adamant about making sure this is a bipartisan engagement. they say right now the process when it comes to recall in the state of california, they call a manipulation. they want a more clear and defined process among other ideas of fixing. this california is one of 19 state that allow voters to remove state officials before the end of their term. no reason is necessary though. the only requirement is to put a recall on the ballot is enough voter signatures which must be 12% of voters in the last election for the office and must include voters in at least five counties. that is it. both congress people say the recall process is to vague and there needs to be more responsibility. they are ready to talk about the best conclusion to help build public trust as they say we are in a poisonous climate. >> they don't want a small minority to force an election and have a candidate prevail with less than a majority vote. that is anti democratic. for me, yeah, i have some ideas of what i like and what i don't. those are the broader value elements that i

the one study i was looking at out of yale studied 1,000 hospitalized patients. it shows vaccinated people who get covid and suffer with severe symptoms tend to be older. the cdc study last week showing the same thing. the yale study found the median age to be 73. i think the cdc found the median age to be around 73. at least half the people with these symptoms have other issues like obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. this is an important moment to understand how significant this kind of information is right now. >> if you look at those demographics, it's the same as those at risk of severe covid even if they're not vaccinated. i think what's happening is the vaccinations may be showing a greater waning of immunity over time in those populations. that may be the reason for it. that's the reason israel, when they first announced their booster plan to give a third immunization, they focused more on older individuals, i think because they had some of that data. in that sense it makes sense. in terms of doing something about this epidemic in the united sta

you know, i have had the good fortune of living in connecticut here at yale university where which was a half for a lot ofthese kinds of experiments . the study center is sort of the global authority on this kind of work and authat made it possible for me to meet up with some of these moms who were going into the lab and watch them, to learnof these tools which would have been hard to do from a distance . another thing is these moms in richfield are curious about this, i'm sure that with covid restrictions lifting, gail will be looking for moms to go into the lab to do some of these fascinating things which is one of the best things we can do as moms and humans because these experiments are hard to recruit for and they are really safe and super interesting but you just have to make the effort . class let's see what's in the q&a. a comment. this is fascinating and so affirming.i found it all to be super interesting and it struck me that i really had never considered. i was a science writer with 2 children when i first heard about the fact that there was developmental change involved wit

. >> a recent study by stanford yale and u c berkeley confirms that mask wearing is an effective way to decrease the transmission of covid-19, especially among those 60 years and older. well, for say that the sacking joins us live in the studio tonight with more on this study taylor. >> pam. ken, i know many of us often wonder which masks are most effective, especially now with the delta variant. well, some people may perceive the surgical masks as flimsy or non reusable, researchers found that the surgical masks are more effective than the cloth ones. even after you wash and reuse them several times. >> researchers at stanford, yale and u c berkeley found just how effective masks can be and reducing the spread of covid-19 in the largest mask study to date. their recent study was done in bangladesh across 600 villages and more than 350,000 adults. well, they found masks in general provided a 9% reduction in covid-19 cases. surgical masks were more effective and reduced cases by 11%. researchers say effectiveness continue to climb among older adults and people who are 60 and above. we

of scholarly wisdom at the supreme court by flooding the supreme court with clerks from harvard and yale law school every year, and eventually mounting a virtual takeover of the bench itself, only one of the current justices on the supreme court is not a graduate of either harvard or yale law school. ted cruz is a graduate of law school, holly is a graduate of harvard. barack obama is a graduate of harvard law school, those law schools produce some honorable lawyers, but they mostly produce high priced corporate lawyers, and they also produce politicians, some of whom and up on the united states supreme court. and they end up in the supreme court by successfully navigating the politics of the confirmation process, something they begin navigating when they're in law school, they navigate that process in the united states senate which is in and of itself an anti-democratic institution. each state gets two senators, that leaves republicans over representative in the united states senate. the united states senate creates an asterisks that must appear at the end of every sentence that calls t

fred: allana kembabazi, a yale-educated attorney and activist with uganda's initiative for social andnomic rights, says ugandans have been failed twice. allana: by the international community, because we just couldn't get the vaccines in sufficient amounts that we needed, but also by our own government, which should have taken more measures to strengthen our public health systems. fred: uganda received more than $800 million in foreign assistance to cope with the covid crisis, much of it in the form of loans from agencies like the world bank. critics say the government's been less than transparent about how that money was or is being spent. the government has also come under fire for being out of touch with the widespread suffering here. one recent example, the purchase of new vehicles for uganda's 500-plus members of parliament. allana: when you're telling teachers and you're telling parents, you can't send your kids into school until all the teachers are vaccine, until all kids after above 12 are vaccinated, so where are your priorities? fred: health minister aceng contends that's n

students moving into yale, and then beof course their dorms flooding. flooding in connecticut, rhode island, and into massachusetts, there are warnings now out of martha's vineyard and cape cod for severe weather moving through there. so these flood warnings. we are going to see them in multiple ways because as rivers crest in pennsylvania, new jersey, new york, we will see further flooding in the coming hours and days. but right now, the -- the more urgent emergency is to try to help folks who were standed overnight when the water just poured so quickly here in jersey and other states. just poured down so quickly that the local infrastructure was overwhelmed. >> absolutely. brian stelter bringing us up to date there from new jersey. do take care out there, brian. >> this system is moving on. now, heading off to rhode island as well as massachusetts. so let's go to meteorologist, pedram javaheri, for the very latest. and pedram, all this hasn't just been caused by ida. there is a frontal system in the mix, as well. >> that's right. the frontal system's

other news now a recent study done by stanford, yale and u c berkeley. big ducks confirmed that mask-wearing is effective way to decrease the transmission of covid-19 researchers found that surgical masks prevented. 35 1% of symptomatic infections among people 60 years and older kron four's. taylor sec is joining us here now live in the studio with more on the study. taylor. what did it show? well, i know many of us often wonder which masks are most effective, especially now with the delta variant 10. you know. >> some people may perceive the surgical masks as flimsy or non reusable. but researchers found that the surgical masks are more affected than cloth. ones. >> even after you wash and reuse them several times. >> researchers at stanford, yale and u c berkeley found just how effective masks can be reducing the spread of covid-19 in the largest mask study to date their recent study was done in bangladesh across 600 villages and more than 350,000 adults. well, they found masks in general provided a 9% reduction in covid-19 cases. surgical masks were m

. >> a recent study by stanford yale and u c berkeley confirms mask-wearing is an effective way to decreasespecially among those 60 years and older crowd forced to the psac ii breaks down the study. >> researchers at stanford yale and u c berkeley found just how effective masks can be. reducing the spread of covid-19 in the largest mask study to date their recent study was done in bangladesh across 600 villages and more than 350,000 adults. well, they found masks in general provided a 9% reduction in covid-19 cases. surgical masks were more effective and reduced cases by 11%. researchers say effectiveness continue to climb among older adults and people who are 60 and above. we found that we were able to prevent 35% of covid-19 cases infectious disease expert at stanford university actually stitch in ski who was one of the lead authors of this research says the study was done when cases were lowered before the delta variant became the dominant strain. >> so they predict case reduction would be larger today. think this is probably an underestimate of the real impact of mass spread number of r

the court, and that is the court consists almost entirely of justices who graduated from harvard or yale law school, almost entirely of justices who've been appellate court judges, no one since justice sandra day o'connor has faced a voter. do you think it would be healthy for e court, good for the country-- >> yes. >> woodruff: to have justices face-- >> yes. i mean, look at justice black, a great justice, he'd been a senator. earl warren had been a governor. harold burton had been the mayor of a city. and you don't want all one thing or another thing, but having a mix of backgrounds, a mix of different experiences, other things being equal, is good for the court, in my opinion. >> woodruff: justice breyer, thank you very much. the book is "the authority of the court and the peril of politics." >> thank you, thank you. >> woodruff: the top american and european climate envoys met in washington today to coordinate their efforts ahead of a major climate summit. nick schifrin sits down with the envoys for their first joint interview. >> schifrin: the climate crisis is here. you can see it

the thing but the great universities of oxford, yale, they are meant to be there is a permanent commitmentucation and civil society. auaf is intended in the same way. we believe over a long. of time the international investment and civil society in afghanistan will bear fruit, even though today the prospects for individuals within the country are not what they were a few weeks ago. >> thank you for joining us, good luck getting the students and staff out. >> thank you very much. >> is an biden was in louisiana this afternoon serving the distraction caused by hurricane ida and calling for an all hands on deck response. since i do when paul sunday, -- since ida made landfall sunday, numerous people have died across numerous states. the bbc's never taffy reports. >> one week and based storm that brought america to its knees. >> look at that tornado. >> from new orleans to york it was a dramatic beating. record rainfall, life-threatening floods, and tornadoes usually only seen in the midwest tore through communities with no mercy. in some places it was unprecedented, and sparked fear about the

ahead of stanford, number one princeton, columbia, harvard, mit, and yale. >>> well, if we could rank our favorite events of the year, clear the shelters is near the top. all this week we are teaming up to help pets find their forever homes. >> joe shows us how love sometimes comes where you'd least expect it. >> who is the sweetest? >> you never know where true love will strike. >> you're so cute. >> reporter: sometimes it sneaks up on you, catches you unguarded. that's how it was with karen michaels. >> good boy! >> reporter: and claus. >> i saw claus on the list of fosters and said, he is pretty cute. >> reporter: she wasn't looking for a dog when she volunteered at san francisco's spca, but when the pandemic hit the shelter closed. michaels and others began fostering dogs and, well. >> he had no fur and a lot of medical issues. we thought, we can't give him back. he was just awesome. >> reporter: the pandemic was bad for normalcy, but it was god for pet adoptions. with people stuck at home, many sought out furry companions. >> without the pandemic, we would have no claus in our li