he's a graduate at yale university law school. thank you for being here, please proceed. >> thank you very much. [ inaudible ] >> if you would turn the microphone on, in the box in front of you. >> such for inviting me -- thank you very much for inviting me today. i'm delighted to be here. let me summarize briefly my written statement. the first point i make is that care has to be taken in defining the term racial profiling. and in particular, i think that it's important to bear in mind that racial profiling is disparate treatment on the basis of race. good police activity that happen to have a disparate impact on the basis of race not racial profiling. second point i make is that the amount of racial profiling that occurs is frequently exaggerated and that care needs to be taken in analyzing the data in this area. all that said, racial profiling as i define it is a bad policy. i opposition it for the reasons that many of my co-panelists here are giving. there is one possible exception that i would make, and that is in the anti-te

now researchers at yale university said a drug could help people from getting drunk boy reducing the number of deadly drunk driving accidents no brushing your teeth does more than making them pearly white. they make them healthy. many people don't know much about proper oral healthcare. there is a hart to flossing -- art to flossing, too. >> a soft bristle tooth rush with soft gentle circular motions will which your teeth better. the best way to floss is to gently put the floss between the teeth and gently move up and down along the tooth's surface. >> experts say to floss at least twice a day and visit a dentist twice a year. check out our website to find out the headlines from today. >>> coming up at 5:30, the disappearance of a girl in arizona. the latest on the search for isabel celis and why the father has to stay away from his two sons. >>> plus, angry over a movie? what one man did that got him in trouble. >> and improvements to save you from a headache. we're back if just minutes. ♪ [ female announcer ] off! deep woods dry repellent. the protection of off! deep woods with a f

researchers at yale university says there is a drug in development that could block the effects of excessive drinking in the central nervous system. researchers are hoping the drug could be helpful in treating alcoholism. the drug is many years away. >> coming up next, lawmakers in virginia blocker prosecutor from becoming a judge and see why the move has become controversial. >> later on -- these folks will phobias later [ female announcer ] safeway presents real big deals of the week. or how to keep from driving all over for the best deals. you don't need to run around. safeway gives you real big ubub card deals each week. right now, a sweet price on honey nut cheerios, just $1.88. starbucks coffee is only $7.77. that's less than a quarter for a great cup of coffee. and fage greek yogurt is just a buck. real big deals this week and every week. only at safeway. ingredients for life. >> inauguration day in france is winding down. francois hollande became president of the country in a ceremony in central paris this morning. he is the first socialist leader of france since francois mitterrand

. >>> researchers at yale university are developing a pill to help people stay sober. when taken before drinking, it reportedly can weaken some of the effects of alcohol on the brain. researchers also hope that the drug will help reduce the amount of damage done to liver from drinking alcohol. >>> testimony has resumed in the roger clemens perjury trial. his chief accuser former trainer brian mcnamee returned to the witness stand this morning. mcnamee testified yesterday that he injected the pitching great with steroids eight to ten times when they were both with the toronto blue jays back in 1998. clemens is accused of lying to congress when he denied using performance enhancing drugs. >>> the head of jpmorgan chase told shareholders today that the bank's costly mistakes were self-inflicted. jamie dimon also insisted he isn't against new rule financial regulations as some lawmakers stepped up their calls for tougher regulations of wall street. danielle nottingham has more. >> reporter: jpmorgan chase' c.e.o. jamie dimon faced shareholders in tampa following the bank's

digitized it, et cetera, et cetera, and eventually it was sold in new york city through my agent to yale university. a picture speaks 1,000 words, a moving picture speaks a million words. it had happened nowhere else. you might have had an element of someone similar to doing a reverend jones in a harlem, new york. but not running around oklahoma, not running around the southwestern region of the country. everyday life, special events of community. parades and commencements and the homemakers group. it's a slice of life that he -- if he had not had the wisdom to capture via film would have been lost forever. i've never seen any film before in my life. blacks that own oil wells here in oklahoma. covered several families, and i'm not talking about dozen, two or three dozen barrels a day. i'm talking about 2,000, 3,000 barrels a day these families were making. these people got wealthy. not rich, wealthy. those were members of his congregati congregation. again, oklahoma's such a unique situation when it comes to the black experience. and reverend jones, again, we were blessed to have a person like that

. >> many thanks to kim lawton of "religion & ethics newsweekly" and to stephen carter of yale university law school. we will continue this conversation on our website. >>> last month in kashmir there was an avalanche that killed 140 pakistani soldiers. they were stationed there because of the long, unending feud between india and pakistan over control of kashmir. natural disasters, wars, competition for water, suspicion -- fred de sam lazaro has a special report on why kashmir remains such a dangerous flash point. it turns out it's not primarily a religious conflict. >> reporter: kashmir has long been known for its peaceful vistas, but for the 13 million inhabitants this mountainous region has been anything but peaceful. it is one of the world's most militarized places. india alone has an estimated 600,000 troops in the part it controls, four times the number of american soldiers who were in iraq at the height of that war. although it has a two-thirds muslim majority, kashmir as a whole is quite diverse, the utdu the northeast buddhist. but for six decades this provinceitndh las a as mth

from yale university. dr. hearthman has published numerous articles and journals and books, and her work has been transmitted into more than one dozen languages. she offer lectures on women, economics, policy, including social security and retirement, and has frequently testified before the u.s. congress and is often cited as an authority in various media outlets such as cnn news and "the washington post" and "the new york times." in 1994 dr. heartman was the recipient of a mcarthur fellowship for her work in the field of women and economics. for those who aren't familiar with that award, it is a very, very special award. so thank you, heidi, for being here. >> good morning, everyone. i want to thank the national committee to preserve and now being our coconspirators in this project. it's been a wonderful way to get out some of the issues we have all been working on for so long and finally this has come to fruition. we're very, very pleased that this day is here. the women's movement, as terry will talk about,

asking you when the fed will raise the target rate, i was talking to steve roach the other day of yale university formally with morgan stanley about the asymmetric challenges that any bank faces. you did not receive many phone calls from politicians or presidents looking for you to raise interest rates. it's a substantially asymmetric universe that any central bank works in. how do you fault the realities and the desire for inflation targeting? >> first of all, what i actually said was that in all of my years i got bushels full of mail. i cannot recall a single request from the congress or any other political figure which said raise rates. it was just zero. and that's still the case basically because the political system seeks the short-term solution. and the fending off of any simblance of pain you cannot run a complex capitalist society in which the average age of assets is 20 to 25 years with everything being short term. and there are occasions when the wise thing to do is to allow markets to liquid ate. i think the best example i can give is the actual experience that we had in the resolution

there's a study at yale university that has identified a microscopic molecule on nerve cells which are causing discomfort for millions of diabetics. scientists are working to develop drug therapies to target those exact molecules. >>> health experts say taxes on unhealthy food need to be higher. researchers at university oxford said a tax on sugary drinks would reduce obesity rates. the food industry as you might imagine argues. they say the taxes would be unfair, ineffective and would lead to job loss. >>> it is time for the question of the morning. >> here it s. three out of ten people refuse to use one of these. is it a, a seat belt, b, a social networking website, or c, a public toilet? >> what are you going for? >> i'm saying social network. >> i'm thinking toilet seat. honk on to the -- log on to the wusa9 facebook fan page and leave your response. we'll reveal the answer during the 6:00 hour. >> you have a little more than 24 hours to sign up for the tiger woods shipping challenge sweepstakes. you can participate in a closest to the pin contest with tiger woods. if you win, you

she electric toors at yale university and also a resident scholar at the american enterprise institutewelcome back to the show. >> thank you very much. >> you know, the one thing i hear more than ever nowadays is that there is a label for everything, and it's too many labels, too many treatments as a result. just from the 30,000 foot level for a second, the changes that are happening, is that going to make that perceived problem even worse? >> well, it is true that every year it's been -- every time it's been revised the dsm was first issued in 1952. we're now going into the fifth issue. it does get bigger and bigger, but basically when it does enmrarj, when diagnoses proliferate, it's not as if we've discovered new mental illnesses. we're just categorizing them differently. >> right. because, i mean, the perception is especially i think for people outside the world of medicine is that, look, this -- something is driving this. you'll have more people who are "sick" and taking medications. you are also troublinged by the fact that it takes kids at risk of developing mental illness, at r

according to transcripts of kgb files that have been published by yale university press in 2009, ernest was pitched in early 1941, probably in new york city, probably in january, by a man named jacob golos, and golos wrote back to moscow that he had recruited ernest hemingway as a soviet spy and that ernest had agreed to cooperate for ideological reasons. he added that ernest had accepted contact instructions for the next clandestine meeting. as far as i can tell from the traffic, these were material contact instructions, probably something like a jell-o box that had been cut in a certain pattern, the person who you were meeting would have the other half and that's how you know you have the right person. how could this be? i'm a lifelong hemingway fan. and i found this out more or less by accident. what i like to do is when i'm doing research i like to kind of troll in the waters next to the ones that i'm fishing and i thought, what the hell, let's see what kgb was up to in the united states around this time so i went and looked at this book and i went, holy moly, ernest hemingway, it s

yale university, american studies. with an emphasis on religion and politics. b.a. summa cum laude. harvard university, ph.d., religion. georgia state university, professor of religion, five years. boston university, professor of religion, eight years. chairman of the department of religion, one year and currently. newspapers and magazines, contributor to "new york times" magazine, the "wall street journal," slate.com, salon.com. author, three books on religion include ""american jesus," how the son of god became a national icon." hobbies: painful, of the boston red sox, diehard fan, a passion which introduced him to, quote, grand theological themes that would later preoccupy him including why a good god would allow such an evil team as the new york yankees to win so many world series, unquote. besides baseball, tennis. stephen richard prothero. >> stephen richard prothero, your father is also a physician, is that right? >> that's correct. >> did he see the motion picture by mel gibson? >> he did. >> what did he have to say about that? >> he found a real human being wouldn't survive

now researchers at yale university say a drug could help prevent people from getting drunk, thereby reducing the number of deadly drunk driving accidents. the drug wants the effect of alcohol and the central nervous system is. more research will be done on this in the coming weeks and months. >>> leaving hollywood and heading for d.c. tomorrow. she's not coming to schmooze the politicians but talking about one of her passions in life. we'll have the itinerary in a little while. >>> the wife of the ousted syracuse coach bernie fine speaking out today. why her lawyers say she feels a need to talk to the media. you're watch -- waking up to what's new in baltimore. "good morning maryland" returns in just a moment. news time 5:21. 3q what's my secret for sunday lunch? my little helpers... and 100% natural french's yellow mustard. it has zero calories for me, and a taste my family loves. >>> news time 5:24. a news conference is happening today for the wife of former syracuse assistant basketball coach bernie fine. lori fine's lawyer says she is now speaking out, telling her side of the story. bern

the camden, new jersey, chief of police as well as law professors from american university and yale university. topics included the trayvon martin shooting and proposed legislation by congress prohibiting racial profiling. from the center on the administration of criminal law at nyu law school, this is an hour and 25 minutes. >> you're welcome. >> if you can take your seats, i want to welcome you to the center on administration of criminal laws fourth annual conference. a new frontier in race and criminal justice. for those of you who are v veterans of these conferences, you know what important issues they tackle and what great panelists they get and, actually, very recent isly nyu press published the proceedings of the first conference. i was published last year on prosecutors in the boardroom using criminal law to regulate corporate conduct. and i know from my perch that was very influential set of papers and a very influential volume. i'd like to thank the director, rachel barkow, a professor of law and policy, and she will speak in a few minutes and tell you all the important stuff you sho

yale university's gil der letter man center hosted this event. it is about an hour and 45 minutes. >>> good afternoon, everyone. >> good afternoon. >> i was in a bunch of southern churches recently. you either do it right or you don't do it. welcome. i am david blight directy for gilder lehrman center for abolition. this is the lecture series which we founded at least six, seven years ago now in honor of my colleague david brian davis, right here in the front row. david was the founder of this center, some 13 years ago. another way of putting it is the center was founded around david's work, which is still where everyone goes to understand, especially the intellectual history of the problem of slavery in the world for that matter. david was doing a kind of trance national history of this before anyone ever used the word trance national. welcome, david. we have done this in many different forms, had a single lecture, go away with people for three or four days in a row. we have had panels, series of lectures and so forth. sometimes we produce a boo

well after mcchrystal was relieved of his command he was hired by yale university to teach a graduate course and mcchrystal transparency issues didn't end there you see a two thousand and ten documentary about pat tillman the professional football player turned soldier who was killed reignited interest in the crystals role the pentagon covering pentagon cover up surrounding his death now instead of pressuring recruits to be more open about the tillman case and the role that he played with torture squads in iraq while he was commander of jaison yale establishment organ sat on their hands the yale college democrats with through their sponsorship of the tillman story screening when it emerged that the general would join the school's faculty and stanko then the president of the college democrats made a statement that would make any hack blush he said quote the yale college democrats do not attack war heroes who do not attack members of the faculty so good thing to one of america's most revered universities is incredibly bold when it comes to thinking critically and challenging author alre

researchers at yale university are basically coming up with the next college wonder drug it's a pillthat if you take it will can stop you from getting as drug the effects of alcohol like it makes them break down a little bit so you can stay sober for longer. which means you can drink more which means you more in fact a out partying longer with your friend assuming that probably if this was something that was out there for everyone to have the college kids you know the stories i wrote about this this is like a great way to get people off alcohol that's not going to work. this is how they're going to. go to six months from now we're going to be standing here and we're going to have for these martinis and we'll have to look back and realize that maybe this wasn't the best idea or maybe it is maybe it is right now it's just a pilot study but the drug is called the. in that group hey guys you see both on you you're going to drink a lot but not get drunk it's the study group to possibly be here and these poor guys well you know some people can't handle their alcohol and so it might actuall

a search at yale university found that it interferes with appetite levels. the weight gain was more pronounced and men. >> entertainment news. officials want to question justin bieber. a photographer said he roughed him up yesterday when he tried to snap pictures of him and his girlfriend actress elena gomez. the photographer was treated at a hospital and released. now they want to get his side of the story. >> did he almost double him? >> may be. >> this is a great story. >> talk about party animals. quite literally, in that sense. the scouts decided to escape their con fines and find a party. a bunch of recent college grads were celebrating in the backyard and all the sudden the cows came and crashed the party. >> they got thirsty and i saw there was some of boost to be had. they got into the beer. they knocked it over and started snapping it up. and then went on back home. >> the had to call police to rankle in some of these cows. there will be putting up an electrical fence to keep these party animals from getting out. >> they might want to. >> guinness

researchers at yale university say the drug could prevent people from getting drunk.ted blocks the effects of alcohol and the central nervous system and researchers say that could reduce the number of deadly drunk driving accidents. >> big brother will be watching you this weekend at bay area bars. in the application uses visual detection technology to determine the types of crowds at 25 bars and restaurants in san francisco. the application will reportedly have information about how crowd of the place might be, how old customs are and the ratio of men and women in the crowd. and, >> , bar owner i'm not sure i would want that. >> yes, you want to get them in without knowing. >> technology, you can do it all. in the next half-hour, she was expecting the degree but not a diamond. the surprise interruption to a college graduation. >> the bay area's greatest unsolved mystery. hear from a former chp officer that says that he knows the identity of the zodiac killer. coming up. >> developing news out of the castro valley. a body was found in a home less night, investigators

researchers at yale university found that women who ride frequently, especially those with handle barshan their saddles experience numbness in their genitalia, caused by lack of circulation. >> it's totally worth my risk. >> reporter: kristen works at the bicycle shop in austin. >> this is more of a cushion. it also has this coming out. >> reporter: she rides 40 miles a day and says she's never noticed an issue down there. . >> maybe at first women would feel some kind of desenseitization. and getting off of their bike. maybe a little numbness. but i don't think it would be anything permanent. >> reporter: dicht different bikes have different geometries. >> women that ride with bull horns, you're going to tend to lean over a lot more than you will with a more straighter bar, where you stood up more. >> reporter: the numbness from the bike seats can occur in regular bikes and even a spin class, which is why getting the right bike adjusted properly, is key, not just for a woman's private parts, but for her knees and back as well. >> you can rent saddles until you figure out which one act

we have a research director from the center and a neuroscientist at yale university.that's fine. >> what is it? >> pelfrey. >> okay. what happens in a body when it is shocked like andre. >> sure. from the point of the view of the person being shocked it's painful and that sets off a cascade of biological events. essentially, an activation of what we call the stress response. so the type of response you feel if you narrowly escape a car accident, a fight or a flight response. so that unleashes a set of stress hormones that we know are very bad for the body. it causes all types of illnesses over time. so chronic exposure to the stress hormone is well known to cause harm to individuals, types of things that we try to avoid in our daily lives. >> nathan, you're a board certified anal yst for this center. you have 20 people who you oversee. why is it okay to shock autistic students, others with severe developmental disabilities when prisoners aren't shocked, murderers aren't shocked to control their behavior? >> well, you have to remember that this is not retribution. we a

along with kevin pelfrey, a neuroscientist at yale university. kevin, did i mangle your last name?describe what happens in the body when a shock like this is administrated in the case of andre where it's 31 times in seven hours. >> sure. from the point of view of the experience of the person being shocked, obviously it's painful. and that sets off a cascade of biological events. essentially an activation of what we call the stress response. the type of response you feel if you narrowly escape a car accident, a fight or flight response. and so that unleashes a set of stress hormones that we know are very bad for the body. they cause all types of illnesses over time. so this is well known to cause harm to individuals. types of things we try to avoid in our daily lives. >> nathan, you're a board certified analyst for this center and you have students you oversee. why is it okay to shock autistic students, others with severe developmental disabilities when prisoners aren't shocked, murderers aren't shocked to control their behavior? >> well, you have to remember this is not retribution

and understanding the behavior of fluids liquids and solids and lead us to graduate school at yale university study theoretical physics. this is the late 1980s now and it's actually pretty bad time to be giving it to physics as they just cut the team. congress had just cut funding for the supercollider so suddenly there was an the investment in physics that we were all expecting. you could no longer just work on any problem you wanted. you could necessarily work on the big picture problem. the sort of problem that it got me excited about going to physics in the first place was being funneled to his increasingly more plate areas of research. so i sort of decided to take a step back to see if there is some oral spray could apply my math and physics background to working on a big picture problem and i saw that there were her scientist on the hill from the physics department and the department of geology and geophysics who are you saying the disney to work on this amazing problem of understanding how the climate looks. i went down the house, talked to the individual to become a phd at eisner and

collection of photographs wasn't very strong in the latter period of his life, so i took a trip to yale university and found in the lindbergh collection there quite a number of things that fleshed out lindbergh's life toward the end, after the, after world world war ii. basically, i'd like to thank eric him el for having the faith in us to do the book and then giving us his encouragement all along and his aassistance, particularly gayle hand el who took over the project at the end and shepherded it through to publication. i'm going to talk a little bit about lindbergh, a hero, celebrity, goat in some ways and to talk about why i think in the 21st century it's difficult for anyone aside from, perhaps, an aircraft enthusiast or an aviation enthusiast to take the idea of the pilot hero seriously. and the reason i say that is because, um, flying has become so routine now. you can literally hop on an airplane and go anywhere in the world you want to go. and not only that, but aircraft themselves have become so sophisticated, commercial aircraft in particular have become so sophisticated that they liter

and went on to graduate school at yale university to study theoretical physics.this was the late 1980s and it was a pretty bad time to be getting into physics because they had just cut the funding, congress had just cut funding to the supercollider. so suddenly there wasn't a massive investment in physics that we are all expecting. you could no longer just work on any problem that you wanted, and you could necessary work on the big picture problem. the sort of problems that it got me excited and that getting into physics and the first place. we were sort of being funneled towards increasingly more applied areas of research. and so i sort of decide to take a step back to see if there was somewhere else where i could apply my math and physics background to working on a big picture problem that really mattered. and i saw that they were assigned to fix downhill from the physics department in the department of geology and geophysics, who were using math and physics to work on this amazing problem of understanding outward climate works. and so i went down the hill, tal

i have been teaching finance at yale university for 25 years now, and i also teach to the whole world because my yale courses on open yale and you can take my course by the way. it is on line and it is free. i have exams and problems if you really want to go the whole way but i won't grade you. i have been concerned over the years that it almost seems like i am doing a bad thing. people are so angry about finance today and it seems evil. i feel a little bit like an rotc instructor during the vietnam war. [laughter] catherine wrote an article in "the new york times" a couple of months ago based on her asking top universities what fraction of your students went into financial services, and the general answer she got was, just before this crisis was something like 25%. she was questioning whether that was too high. the record was princeton which had 46% going into finance in 2006. you are frowning. [laughter] i am touching a nerve here i guess. people think, whatever happened to science or engineering or education or the helping profession? is something wrong? i'm not going to say with t

in a wonderful public collection of the franklin letters that is about 30 volumes published by yale universitypress. took them 30 years to publish it. now if all you want, all you want goes from franklin burr to the age of 30, it's about that thick. volume 38, that is the last one, is equally thick and it covers three months, not three decades but three months of franklin's life. why? because then the world famous people saved everything. you can write about extraordinary people in ordinary times. you can write about ordinary people in extraordinary times. for example you can write the ordinary person's history of the civil war. why? because it was sufficiently extraordinary that people wrote down what they were thinking and feeling. soldiers went off to war and they had never been away from home before. they wanted to share that experience with the folks at home or else they kept a journal. i would have book about the california gold rush. there is no lack of information about ordinary people who went off to california? why? they knew this was a once-in-a-lifetime thing. in those days before

we are also pleased to welcome back beverly gauge from yale university where she teaches american political history. she is author of exploded"all street and currently working on "g- man." she has written for numerous journals and magazines, including "the wall street journal" and "new york times." welcome, beverly. before we begin, i ask that you turn off your cellphone come in the electronic devices. cocotte retrieve -- photography is not permitted. please join me in welcoming our guests. [applause] >> thank you. don't you just love the new york historical society? can you believe we have a panel tonight? i am going to guess that everybody here, and we are filled to the very top appear, you are all political junkies, right? my husband always says the only time anyone ever really knows what they're talking about is when they talk shop talk. tonight we will have the most exclusive shoptalk there is, because we have the most brilliant political thinkers and writers we could gather on this stage anytime, anywhere. can we start with the issue of any quality, class warfare, and the buffet role?

wonderful published collection of the franklin letters that is about 37 or 8 volumes, published by yale university press and the american philosophical society. took them 50 years to publish it. now, volume one, volume one goes from franklin's birth til the age of 30. and it's about that thick. volume 38 -- if that's the last one -- is equally thick, and it covers three months. not three decades, but three months of franklin's life. why? because then he was world famous, people saved everything. so you can write about extraordinary people in ordinary times, you can write about ordinary people in extraordinary times. for example, you can write the ordinary person's history of the civil war. why? because it was sufficiently extraordinary that people wrote down what they were thinking and feeling. soldiers went off to war for have many of them, they'd never been away from home before, and they wanted to share that experience with the folks at home. or else they kept a diary, a journal. i wrote a book about the california gold rush. there is no lack of information about ordinary people who went off to

a pill while drinking alcohol and you will not get drunk is the hope of a new drug that is at yale university? >> reporting that researchers have introduced an experimental drug that is supposed to weaken some of the effects of alcohol on the brain. they hope this can help combat alcohol abuse. it is being dubbed as the stay sober pill. >> what's the point? just don't drink. this is science doing the could have versus should have. why make a pill? you don't have to. you can but should you? >> bill: i'll have a bombay sapphire martini straight up with a -- >> the pill so i can't feel what i just did. >> how about this. i can't decide if i want a martini or a glass of water? >> i'll have a diet coke. thanks. >> in sports the oklahoma city thunder demolishing the l.a. lakers in game one of the western conference semifinals in nba action last night. >> bill: the lakers were close. come on. >> they lost by 29 points. score was 119-90. russell westbrook put up 27 points. kevin durant added 25. here in the east, the philadelphia 76ers much closer game. they inched out a victory over the celtics 82-8

next, yale history professor joanne freeman and university of chicago political science professor william howell describe acts of violence in the u.s. congress leading up to the civil war. and congressional checks on war powers in the modern era. professor freeman is working on a book titled "field of blood, congressional violence in antebellum america." american history tv is at the organization of american historians annual meeting in milwaukee, and we are going to talk next about congress and american politics with joanne freeman who is a history professor at yale. and with professor william howell from the university of chicago and you're a political american politics professor. thanks for joining us today. let's start off, professor freeman, with a book you have been working on called "field of blood, congressional violence in america." congressional violence, normally when we hear about congress we don't think of violence. >> that's true. the book is really about the couple of decades the 1830s and '40s and '50s before the civil war and it's about actual physical violence. pushing,

he is affiliated with the yale university center for legal studies. i am very privileged and happy to have a co-sponsor of this event, professor don wallace. professor alexander put together a book in 2000 that was published, and i believe in january and february of 2001, that profiled al qaeda. this book was published nine months before the events of 9/11, and i am proud to say before 9/11, we sold i think 340 copies. after 9/11, between september and december, we sold 150,000 copies. to date it is available in two dozen languages and around the world as one of the first volumes articulated what this network was and who are in it. when of the things that book featured most was a set of pictures that were obtained publicly on the members of al qaeda at the time, the famous original 53, which became the targets of the last couple of administrations. it has been the policy of the last couple administrations to target al qaeda as a set of individuals that we need to take out. today, i think many people as you have heard in the last day or so are claiming

having lots and lots of international activities based from there and universities are responding now in different ways. one is the yale, nyu, qatar, abu dhabi singapore branch knowledge are doing something different and work on research around the world. but we're doing i think in the university world what needs to be done in the press world. >> let's get a question in the front row and then in the back after that. >> would news vouchers makes news better or worse? supposed within the government subsidy that you're proposing, president bollinger, some of it went to news consumers and they could pay for the web sites that charge. would that make things better or worse? >> well, i mean, i think these kinds of questions are very important and i don't want to speak as if i have thought through every dimension of this. my own personal view at this stage is that having funding mechanisms that create and nurture institutions like npr, like our international broadcasters, like abs, like universities is going -- that will give you these very important and distinct voices in the world of the press. if you just give a tax rebate