it has been 20 years since the dissolution of yugoslavia.e emergence of several independent states, it was a very violent and bitter breakup. political upheaval unleashed lethal ethnic tensions that turned friends and enemies overnight. the 1990's added to other far older grievances, dating back to the last two world wars and beyond. we begin with a brief look at the turbulent events that led to the breakup of yugoslavia. >> under president tito, socialism united a mosque site -- multi-ethnic yugoslavia into a singles and -- state. but in 1991, civil war broke out in the balkans. as a result, yugoslavia gradually broke apart into smaller states. bosnia declared itself independent. in 1992, a new war broke out in bosnia between ethnic serbs, bosnians, and croats. three years later, 1995, the u.s. and europe helped negotiate the agreement which brought the fighting to an end. bosnia herzegovina became a federation with regional entities, with the country's different ethnic groups living side by side of the many conflicts remain. eu trips are s

a mosque site -- multiti-ethnic yugoslavia ino state.91, civil war broke out in the balkans. as a result, yugoslavia gradually broke apart into smaller states. snia declared itself independent. in 1992, a new war broke out in bosnia between ethnic serbs, bosnians, and croats. three years later, 1995, the u.s. and europe helped negotiate the agreement which brought the fightingng to end. bosnia herzegovina became a federation with regional entities, with the country's different ethnic groups living side by side of the many cflicts remain. eu trips are still posted in the country to keep the peace. >> bosnia herzegovina has two main groups. bosnian croats, mostly catholic. and bosnian muslims. in some areas, they live side by side but not together. tensions often run deep in just under the surface. for example in the education of children. the receipt completely every education's from the content of what they learned to how they learn it. most of the time, the children are segregated in the same building with little personal contact. this

in the former yugoslavia was happening the same there were these peace talks. prior to the outbreak of the war itself. and there was the attempt to appease either side to create a table of negotiations and a minimal basis of agreement and with syria it's happening the same i do hope that we not end up with a breakup of syria like the breakup of yugoslavia how do you personally think this is going to. sorry how do you personally think this is going to pan out out play. oh well. the the feeling is that for the time being the external powers are. actively needling with the internal situation of syria but they are not willing to commit troops for external intervention and this applies to all sides including turkey that has made it very clear. however turkey is active in the syrian issues both diplomatically and indirectly through some kind of military training that is provided to the. officers who are defeated from the officials of syria and on the turkish side so. the same is done by other neighboring countries plus the international interests of syria so all of t

maybe there is a good chance that it will happen on a much bigger level in ex-yugoslavia. >> this is a scene from the film. this is where you are playing general... the character? talking to your son. here it is. roll tape. >> rose: there is a relationship between the father and the son in the sense of what this war is all about. >> yes. as i told you, he is... he wants to make revenge, actually. because during the second world war what we have in this film a lot of his family got killed by nazis in the second world war. and so now they, you know, when th war started again he just feels that now it's hi time. his way to make revenge and he doesn't believe... and it's something... some trauma from his childhood and it's something with the fact that... with which this man has lived all his life and somehow i'm sad because of him. is you can imagine 60 years with these stories. >> rose: and i think that's very important thing we tried to say. this isn't... it's not black and white and i think people would love to see sometimes people that are... would love to see black and white. these

had not collapsed do you think nato would have gone ahead with operations in yugoslavia afghanistan iraq and libya. it. would be talking of nato involvement in yugoslavia i think it could have taken place even when the u.s.s.r. was still alive because the alliance acted without permission of the un security council but there is much more to it in a few years after the dissolution of the u.s.s.r. i mean in the first half of the one nine hundred ninety s. our foreign policy. to show support for the u.s. position sure to follow in its footsteps says the position of the foreign ministry voiced by its head was as follows we desperately need to become part of the civilized world by any means the rest is jibberish so the west must have seen that such sentiment was present in post soviet russia and make even have been prevalent in some circles that is why they felt an ever growing desire to act independently without taking notice of the soviet union or russia. i was going to work. what price to trash have to pay for such a spineless policy when as you said it followed in the footsteps of the us.

now yugoslavia, there is no more yugoslavia. i write about that on my blog.th with that in "the situation room." >> thank you, wolf, appreciate it. >> thank you, ashley. >> check out this video. that's a child. yeah. with her hand in the president of the united states' mouth. >>> and conspiracy theories. you will love this one. an issue with the first dog. is it because taking a step represents hope? or triumph? at genworth, we believe in taking small steps every day to keep your promises, protect what matters, and prepare for a secure financial future. no matter where you want to go, one step at a time is the only way to get there. go to genworth.com/promises. [ woman ] ♪ what i want this season ♪ if you'd like to try and guess ♪ ♪ it is something very special ♪ i would readily confess [ dogs barking ] ♪ 'cause all i want this season ♪ ♪ is something from your heart ♪ la da da, la da da [ male announcer ] thinking of others this holiday season, travelers. >>> a baby gets up close and personal with president obama, and we have the pictures to prove it. time n

since the end of the conflict in the former yugoslavia, croatia and slovania enjoyed sharp economic growth but the economies have weakened in the wake of the european debt crisis and they are saddled with massive debts. they face a difficult task of restoring the economy's fiscal health. myanmar is opening routes to revival. the country has reopened a checkpoint on the bridge at the border with thailand after it was unilaterally closed after nearly a year and a half. government officials from the two countries gathered on the bridge on monday morning to mark the occasion. >> reporter: daylight spreads over a poor village in uganda. people here like many on the continent have more than their share of struggles. electricity reaches only one out of every 20 households. so many families spend their evening in darkness. children can't read without light. this family eats dinner by a kerosene lamp. but the light brings danger. the smoke can fill the room. there is always the threat of carbon monoxide poisoning. the flames can set mosquito nets on fire and burn down the house. now, some women are

broke out in the former yugoslavia. soldier back then, he was injured several times in the fighting. today a social entrepreneur, puljic now says, "work is the best way to deal with the trauma of war." and his organization ekomozaik provides some bosnians with an escape from stifling unemployment. >> brown bears are native to this area, but they're probably getting ready to hibernate, like the bees in their wooden hives. smoke is used to keep the bees from stinging. the beekeepers at ekomozaik's apiary and farm are making sure the insects are ready for winter. zoran puljic, their boss from sarajevo, looks on. he sees the bees as a means to an end. >> i've read a lot about beekeeping and mile told me a lot. most recently we were together at a trade fair in slovenia, where we talked with specialists from austria. i know a lot in theory, but nothing about the practical aspects, unlike the people here. and here in eastern bosnia, people know how to manage on very little money. the unemployment rate in the region is 68%. >>

was still still are fighting for superiority was still are fighting over the balkans the caucuses yugoslavia whatever the north africa do you believe this is true i don't think it's true at all someone coming out of the country was going to obviously there is competition. and areas i think most are going to i think is misplaced and it's based on false perceptions of how international relations should be conducted in the twenty first century and there i think they have been serious mistakes on both sides. and in this case and there you're certainly right there is a continuation of what money might call a cold war mentality on the part of some sections of our society and our governments. but i think these are. are wrong i think they do not reflect the reality of the situation the reality of the situation is that our countries need to cooperate in their own interest in the big issues and as i put it to americans russia can either be part of the solution or part of the problem for russians the americans can either be part of the solution or part of the problem and we're not going to solve the bi

the international tribunal and former yugoslavia somehow missed it i mean they stumbled in the un to the problem but then walked away from a real investigation and the international community cannot repeat this shall i call it mistake again so a painful issue would believe that proper things could have been done easily. without much additional expenditure by that resolution of the security council but one of those situations when we find inexplicable resistance from some of our colleagues in the security council which will keep trying to overcome a bust or as we're looking ahead to the new year there are several dormant conflict zone all over the world where there's a worry that it may break trouble may break out if neglected thinking about cyprus and turkey india and pakistan and a few others too whereas the un security council focus on conflicts going to be twenty twelve is going to be solving current ones or averting new ones maybe as well. well we would try to do both preventive diplomacy is a very big concept for the security council and for the united nations but the world so t

the myth it's already been mentioned that the end of the soviet union was peaceful and avoided yugoslavia like scenario it wasn't peaceful hundreds of thousands if not millions of people have been killed or displaced or brutalized as a direct result of the end of the soviet union and that process is not over so if we can have a little reality we can have a little analysis richard if i go to you real quick here i mean fair enough i agree with what we just heard dismantling the soviet union i agree with that but again i want to go back to an issue this is not what good of a child wanted to do ok that wasn't his goal. well you know i think that that case that stephen makes just doesn't hold up. to could not change the system within the system as it existed it was doomed to failure and it's fortunate that. in the final analysis the number of people that were killed were relatively small in number. i don't think it could have been avoided i just think these basic system was rotten and it was going to collapse that's the bottom line and that's what happened and that's the important thing what d

take >> this is lowell thomas speaking, bringing you the pictures of the murder of the king of yugoslavia and the foreign minister of france. tragedy approaches swiftly now. in that gala multitude lurks a man with a pistol, bound by a blood oath to kill the king. he was a croatian terrorist, and he's ready to strike. he strikes on the running board. he's slashed down by saber strokes. straying bullets hit the crowd. women fall wounded, hit by the random bullets. the police overwhelm him, trample him. somebody picks up the instrument of death: that devilish automatic pistol. this historical film document was made by the fox movietone cameramen. the french seized it, released it, and seized it again. but now movietone, thanks to the speed of the s.s. "washington," is enabled to present this, the most historic film document of our time. >> thanks to the speed of the ocean liners. newsreels were a fact of life for decades. no one would have predicted by the mid-sixties, 1960s, they'd completely disappear, but that's what happened. why? television. the immediacy of television swept them aside,

resembles the so-called kossovo liberation army it is viewers who were recalled twelve years ago in the yugoslavia where a force backed by foreign governments the ones i mentioned for example the gulf war . counsel but presumably with some degree of plausible denial there deniability by the united states and its nato allies and we have to keep in mind that the country that has hosting this military force turkey has a style worked in the north the north the monetary organization in which the earlier this year waged a seven month bombing onslaught against love to go to effect regime change and that . right some of the syrian opposition is quoting from military intervention into the crisis claiming it's the only way to stop the bloodshed that takes place while consequences could have on the already votes higher middle east. we know that syria is their homes are russia's only you know truly over seas a military base that it's a naval facility a target of. an overthrow of the spirit of president assad's government in damascus much as happened with libya recently bring that country further into the west

with the balkans we called it yugoslavia and that broke apart in violent conflict you cannot create a united states of europe without the consent of the people that consent has never been sold so what we should be doing if we want to make sure that europe is free from wars and free from some of those awful conflicts that we've seen is to make sure that we foster democracy democratic mature european nation states do not go to war with each other and what we are now doing is we're imposing upon people through the euro and other measures a new political union that is undesired and wanted what's happened just in the last few months is many of the old eminences have flared up again we're headed in the wrong direction i don't want to get more to that but i want to bring up then the other concern that was that the e.u. was born out of it now was of course to contain germany after the devastation it caused in world war two you say that mature democracies don't go to war but you as an opponent of federalism are you afraid of germany and when i say that i don't mean literally germany perhaps i

the earlier, policy papers to be anything from overall defense policy to policy toward thailand a yugoslavia or somewhere. and then there would be basically a decision in the form of a paper issued by the national security council staff saying this is our policy until further considered. so eisenhower thought it was a good idea to have. he love think that when it was a crisis. really follow a decision. ludicrous would be different fellow but the thought having faced the issues together was good. he says it -- he is believed to lens said plans are worthless, planning is everything. >> host: well, what to the role of the national security adviser, el was viewed by the state department's as originally? >> guest: the original idea was very concerned, vista department, because secretary of state marshall saw it as potential is open ecotones the harvested department store -- authority. early the national security adviser was careful lot to do that. divested department the perils for the presence in the nfc to make sure it did not turn friends of listed department turf. but tension begin seriously

it yugoslavia or somewhere and then there would be basically the decision of the move me but desert by the staff essentially saying this is our policy until further dissevered plant through the world. said it was a bitter feeling to have to think whether there's a crisis everyone is going to pick up paper. subpoena the crisis would be different but he thought having paced. believed to say it is worth everything. >> professor destler, but did the whole of the national security adviser -- how is it viewed by the state department originally? it was harder than the state department. now early incarnations of the national security adviser were careful not to that to give the state department a primary role short of the president in that seat belt tension began during the kennedy administration because while president and george bundy himself from the national security adviser, i'm convinced they didn't seek to undercut the state department but the salles above all to have factions to present issues to the president come to look into assess who are responsive to the president and i'm sure wo

integration and we're seeing similar such processes in central europe as well in czechoslovakia and yugoslavia so you know i don't i don't believe that the idea that the soviet economy could be at risk youth in some form i think it's as delusional if i can add on top of it he would do so you economic reform here by going to stephen here and then having political freeform simultaneously that creates high expectations when the shelves are empty i mean at a certain point there is a collision and there was a collision there was a collision and i would i would i would build on what you say because the point is correct that the economic crisis that came in one thousand nine hundred ninety one was actually a political crisis it wasn't caused by the economy it was caused by political decisions first made by you by gorbachev then by you also. for example the moment that gorbachev and yeltsin once you also had been elected president of the russian republic announced that prices would increase suppliers of goods refused to deliver into the market to the stores because they were waiting for the price incr