in 1944 it became part of the yugoslavia, where it remained until yugoslavia resolved in 1991. in september it declared independence and became known as the republic of mass tonia, it -- macedonia. the joined the u.n. greece disputed it using the name macedonia, because it used that name. there were trade embargoes, and ended when macedonia scuffed the issue, it's never been resolved. a conflict erupted with ethnic albanians seeking a rite in parliament. it was ended. an associate in the europe programme at the carnegie endowment for peace joins us. prime minister nikola gruevski has been in power since 2006. there have been concerns about his authoritarian tendencies for years. what is causing the explosions in protest. is it mostly because of the tapes that show the massive surveillance? >> thank you. good evening. i think you can say that this is partly is contribution to what we can see currently in macedonia, of course there's more to it. there's socioeconomic unrest in the country. ever since the financial crisis. macedonia and other countries fell behind. you see ethnic

president first of czech public republic -- like in divorce look what happened in former ewing slav -- yugoslavia. what is happening in ukraine now. he guaranteed the divorce would not be peaceful. that's one of his accomplishments. currently i'm the chairman of the board of human rights foundation following havel and we every year, in the freedom forum, we present a battle of havel price for creative dissent to encourage people to use the meaning, creative needs of books, of -- whatever. so to send a message of freedom. >> host: finally, what is the policy prescription you would like to see happen? >> guest: before we can work out policy we have to set a debate, and i hope that the book that will be released in the year will play a certain role in provoking sharp debate as the primary in the u.s. presidential election. also a book will be published in several european countries and i think it wail have an effect on the public debate there. i think we should recognize certain realities. call this climate reality. it's unfortunately not role in warming but more likely -- not global warming but mor

macedonia, a former yugoslavia republic, a surveillance scandal having germans up in arms and others on the rope. journalists. >> it's probably not going to happen >>> britain has just gone through an election delivering a new government. the paraphrase, quoting mark twain, the end of influence proves to be premature. the press in the u.k. is owned by a few wealthy moguls leaning to the right supporting big business and usually the conservative party. some names like rupert murdoch are well-known, but others whose profiles are not as high but are as familiar to the politicians running to office as those are to voters. some, including defeat, say with print circulation in decline, and the stenches of a phone hacking scandal, that the press barons no longer have the cloud. is that the case, when their ability to shape the discussion remains, and not just with their readers, but by setting the agenda in broadcast media, which is where most get their news. >> with the conservatives in power, the shape of the media could change. the bbc accused those on the bias. as for those on the print

he danced in paris, italy, vienna and he was offered contracts in lebanon germany and yugoslavia.he was dancing in the air of the soviet union the air of communism and he viewed ballet is his escape to get out of the system. he hated communism and use dances away to pursue the american dream and make it in new york. new york. when he got to new york he saw what they were doing and he said he wanted no part of it because that level of ballet was not on par with the level of russian ballet he'd he had been training for and it had done in europe. he was also asked if he would join new york city ballet and he said he went to look at it. he said he went to the opera. he went to radio city music hall. >> wow. >> he said the music hall dancers were go to europe some of them would get a job. he said russia can produce 10 baryshnikov's every year and the real genius. russia can produce a dancer like that one in every 100 years. >> he is styling hair now and baryshnikov is world-renowned and game the whole thing. does he have any regrets at all? >> for him it was escaping communism in comin

the operations in the former yugoslavia. the war in iraq, afghanistan, and with rising dismay the british public watched as their men came home and flag-draped caskets. domestic opposition grew is the u.k. still the sail reliable partner going forward that it's been over a quarter century. the judgment of military people that i spoke to that it is diminished. they have an army today that is smaller than napoleon they are online to get an aircraft carrier, but don't have one. on the other hand they have extremely special operation troops. they are mind sweepers in the streets are superb. i think the real answer is, from what the generals tell me that they are a reliable ally "if we have to go in one place, if yes have to go in two places, then that's a big question mark." i think with the recovery of the economy in the u.k. and when the chancellor comes out with the budget, i don't think we'll see more defense cuts we may see an upward tick in certain areas. >>> the prime minister during john kennedy's president say famously

following, police in macedonia battle an armed group as ethnic tensions increase in the former yugoslavia republic. explosions have been seen on the roof of a house, where the group is believed to have barricaded themselves. medical workers say four policemen have been injured. it's not clear who the groups are or what their aims are. they were the result of a massive wire tap campaign. >>> investigators in stain is trying to find the cause of a crash that killed eight people. between eight and 10 were on board. it's thought there are no survivors, it was undergoing flight trials before being delivered to spain's military >>> the death toll from nepal's earthquake rose to more than 7,500. among them 19 dying on mount everest in an avalanche triggered by the quake. now the tourist claiming season cancelled, sherpa guys are worried about their livelihood. >> reporter: it's not what he's used to carrying on his back. for this man, getting the family supplies is just as important for the moment. he should be guiding mountaineers and trekkers across the peak of himalayas. nepal's earthquake en

service croats, and bosnian muslims which was experienced under the totalitarian rule of the former yugoslavia. >> to heal the wounds or to help do so at that sectarian strife, pope francis will visit sarajevo and hold a mass. he has commissioned especially may chair to be carved for the event from a muslim family business. >> grapes are an important symbol and christianity. that is something these muslims have learned. when they heard the pope was coming to bosnia, the father and son agreed they wanted to carve the perfect chair for him. >> when we got the job, i couldn't believe it. a lot of great artisans applied. they came to us, a little family-owned operation. >> i can tell you from deep in my heart, i'm very happy to work for someone like him. everyone has a high point in his career, and i've reached mine. >> the master woodcarvers worked day and night on the chair. as muslims, they say it's a special honor for the vatican to given them the assignment. >> i'm proud to be muslim, but i work for all. i think people should believe in whom and what they want. >> he continues working while h

service croats, and bosnian muslims which was experienced under the totalitarian rule of the former yugoslavia. >> to heal the wounds or to help do so at that sectarian strife, pope francis will visit sarajevo and hold a mass. he has commissioned especially may chair to be carved for the event from a muslim family business. >> grapes are an important symbol and christianity. that is something these muslims have learned. when they heard the pope was coming to bosnia, the father and son agreed they wanted to carve the perfect chair for him. >> when we got the job, i couldn't believe it. a lot of great artisans applied. they came to us, a little family-owned operation. >> i can tell you from deep in my heart, i'm very happy to work for someone like him. everyone has a high point in his career, and i've reached mine. >> the master woodcarvers worked day and night on the chair. as muslims, they say it's a special honor for the vatican to given them the assignment. >> i'm proud to be muslim, but i work for all. i think people should believe in whom and what they want. >> he continues working while h

the time i ever heard anyone say anything like this was a psychiatrist in belgrade i was touring yugoslavia. told me that he hoped the service would get time bomb. if only one server or two were left alive after the war was over and will be worth it. at that time i thought this proves to me this guy is nuts. meanwhile, the secretary of state found himself face-to-face with the revolution and the knew ambassador for paris. private conversations, jefferson abandoned all pretensions toward neutrality. he did not at all conceal that secretary of the treasury had the greatest influence over the president's mind. note the phrasing. he already helped begin to look at washington with contempt. he began commissioning privateers sailing from american ports to seize british ships and conferred with jefferson. and that was most of the time. he said he had a plan to persuade kentucky to seize spanish held florida and create a new independent nation. secretary of state saw nothing wrong with fracturing the american union this way. president washington was appalled. the american commander in the west stat

comprised of historically adversarial ethnic groups, can hold together or whether they go the way of yugoslaviaand as i say, they all kind of come together in syria, which is one of the reasons it is such an intractable problem. the problem with the isis phenomenon, in my view, is fundamentally the result of the civil war, a spillover of the civil war in syria, and the anti-sunni policies followed by iraqi prime minister maliki, and i think our withdrawal of all of our troops had a role, but i think these other two things were the major cause to the point where the sunnis saw isis originally as liberators, because they were so antagonistic towards the government in baghdad, so it is a very tough problem and i think that we are seeing the difficulty of getting the iraqi forces trained, the security forces trained. the anbar tribes, we are not seeing the kind of organized resistance that we saw in 2006 that led to the uprising there against al qaeda and the extremists. the kurds seem to be holding their own and doing a pretty good job, but it is a very tough problem. charlie: so what do we do? ro

bill clinton's use of airpower to free the bosnians from what was going on in the former yugoslavia was a good idea. are you telling me no intervention is ever justified? i don't think that's a sustainable position intellectually. >> we can talk about it. >> you sound like marco rubio. we can talk about it. talk about it. are you for saying we should never intervene militarily? >> let's talk about the records since 2001. >> let's talk about my question that you don't want to answer, chris. >> i want to answer it. >> are there ever times? >> of course there are. we should have fought world war ii. >> but nothing since then? >> let's look -- >> what about korea? >> i don't know. let's look at 2001 -- >> you don't know? >> let's look at 2001. >> all right. >> the post war on terror. >> okay. >> the war that everyone said was the good war, that was 100% morally justified which is the war are in afghanistan, they murdered our citizens, we went in there. that war turned out terribly. what lessons have we learned? >> i think here is the deal with afghanistan. people haven't learned the lessons

though former yugoslavia dissolved into bitter war, its neighbor, czechoslovakia separated peacefully the czech and slovak republics. our focus is on the slovak republic. we'll see that this young country still struggles with border disputes ethnic tensions and economic development issues connected to its communist past and its independent future. thirty miles east of vienna lies a nation that is barely beyond its first decade of existence. the slovak republic-- or slovakia-- only came into being on january 1, 1993 with the breakup of the old czechoslovakian federation. french geographer ewa kulesza is exploring how boundary issues have affected the people of this young east central european country. located only three miles from the austrian border slovakia's capital, bratislava already possesses a long frontier history which starts with the danube. it was the northern limit of the roman empire. then, having fallen under hungarian domination during the ninth century bratislava, then named pozsony lay at the limits of the territory. later, pozsony became pressburg and marked the borde

i covered the breakdown of yugoslavia.t was hyperinflation that triggered the unrest and there's a chapter in a book called vigilante violence. we have to understand that americans are deeply violent culture. culture society founded on genocide and slavery. faulkner gets it. that's the original sin. we carry it within our dna today today. the systems of mass incarceration is neo-slavery. it has been changed or mutated and has a protean quality but it's slavery by another name. the moment that the state feels seriously threatened is the moment that the mask will fall and what is a common experience for the poor especially the urban poor will become an experience for the rest of us. could be seized by the proto-fascist movements and we have no shortage with the christian right the lunatic fringe of the republican party. we have to give in to and is due. he turned the democratic party and republican party. the democratic party would be a far right party and push the republicans so far to the right they became insane. [laughte

i cover the breakdown of yugoslavia, it was hyperinflation that triggered the unrest. there was a chapter in the book called vigilante violence. we need to understand america is a deeply violent culture, a culture that is a society founded on genocide and slavery. that is the original sin. we carry it with a known dna today. the systems of mass incarceration, neo slavery it has changed for mutated but it is all slavery by another name. the moment the state feels seriously threatened is the moment that the mask will fall and a common experience for the poor, especially urban poor will become an experience for the rest of us. that moment of crisis if we are not prepared can be seized by pro fascist movements, the christian right, the tea party, the lunatic fringe of the republican party we have to give clinton his due. he turned the democratic party into the republican party the democratic party in europe would be a far right party and push the republicans so far to the right they became insane. the state, it already feels, it is already worried. the nsa has run scenario

serbia was given a miniature empire known as yugoslavia in which they could express -- a press all of its minorities peoples. olson ended up undermining -- wilson ended up undermining his own moral authority. if you are reading the johnson book, he claims the idea was concocted by these british pacifists. wilson did not suddenly get onto it. it is in the original 14 points. he was already talking about something that would become the league of nations. that idea comes to dominate his thinking in the last days of versailles and is part of the reason he gives in on all of the other questions. so long as britain and france agreed to this league everything house -- else will work out in the end. eventually you will get collective security. the front of the americans to make a security guarantee and wilson says we cannot do that but we will give you collective security in the league of nations. when he comes back to the u.s. and tries to sell the league of nations, he has to sell the versailles treaty which is a little harder because the treaty has all these things related to minority popu

in the middle east i think for a long time to come. >> tito obviously not a wonderful man, but yugoslavia the united states in a better position when saddam hussein, moammar gadhafi and mubarak were running their countries? >> well, i think getting into these what might have beens is not a very productive exercise. >> you'reç sounding like jeb right now. >> no, because i think that he made a mistake in the way he answered that question. the right answer in my view is not what would you have done had you been there because nobody knows, nobody knows who his advisers would be, whether somebody else would have looked at the intel gechbs differently. what is important are what are the lessons that you learned from the mistakes that were made and where do we go from here. one of those lessons it seems to me we overestimate our ability to shape events there. another lesson is that law of unintended consequences is always present especially in the middle east. so i think those are the kinds of lessons we need to learn. >> so the american interests in the region are of course changing on the one

alliances and rivalries throughout europe like the balkans where even the enemies after the breakup of yugoslaviaic countries like sweden and norway exchange votes. and how it seems nobody likes to vote for britain. but in all it's harmless fun. a show of healthy pride and competition that wears its kitsch on its polyester sleeve. >> i love you'reland. >> reporter: and over the years the show has shined a spotlight on breakthrough acts like abba. ooet . >> and a relatively unknown 20-year-old from canada. >> celine dion in 1998 represented. book she said she was going to win because bookies were telling her to. she felt like a horse. she looked like a lamp shade. >> over the top and strobe long island lielt spectacular with more power air grabs than you could shake a glow stick at. but it has also become testament to diversity in modern times with a big enough gay and lesbian following that this year they installed gay-themed walk signals and last year was a bearded drag queen, a victory that irked anti-gay russian president vladimir putin. >> does she win because of who she is or despite who she

sort of like tito did in the former yugoslavia.ack to this kind of sectarian fighting that is going on. what makes you or any other analyst think that the u.s. or anyone else can stop it? >> well we're not going to solve that rift which as you say guess on for practically a millennia. but i think we also have to look at how isis has exploded this because it wasn't just saddam who kept a lid on this. it's also the fact that isis purposely went out and tried to stir up these sectarian instincts and frictions and divisions by blowing up shia mosques, by antagonizing and killing the shia. and that i think has contributed to this escalation this orgy of violence. so we're not going to be able to fully resolve that. and i don't think we should try. but i think we can and have to insist that the iraqi government to the best it can tamp down these tensions. if iraq wants to stay one country, it's going to have to find a way to be inclusive of sunnis, kurds, and shia. and i don't think that these political problems that the iraqi government

. >> he immigrated from yugoslavia and he didn't want to take on all of this. >> i wanted to be in thedozen times around the neighborhood. >> never left over. >> no, really don't want. to it's been good to my family. >> and while he didn't force them, his children are now running the 90-year-old company. >> scoop it over and you smell the aroma and the grinds will fall to the bottom. >> george is president. >> you slurp and zip that's what it's called. >> christina is executive vice president. >> i wanted to be my own boss but george is my boss, so, i'm not really my own boss. >> how is it to work with your brother? >> it's great. >> it's been a journey that's lasted almost a century, a business that has outlasted many others. >> most family businesses get bought by private equity or fall by the way, side. >> we buy the best coffee of anyone the whole time, we have got great tastes all the time. >> the goal is to make the perfect cup of coffee. >> oh, holy moley, hundreds of millions of cups of coffee. >> a lot. >> well, tonight the san francisco international beer festival kicks off a