. >> reporter: it was in zaire, 1972. he was a missionary doctor performing an autopsy on a patient who died before they had a chance to diagnose him. >> in so doing i nicked my finger with a scalpel and it was two weeks later i came down acutely ill. we didn't even go up to the hospital at that time. i was just cared for right there in our house. >> reporter: for weeks he suffered high fever, vomiting, and tremendous aching. still unaware at what he even had. >> i lost 20 pounds in the process. and finally recovered enough to be able to go back up to the hospital part-time. then start getting back into my schedule again. >> reporter: for years he continued to work in zaire. the illness that nearly killed him still remained a mystery. that is, until 1976. that year two epidemics of an unknown virus broke out in northern zaire and southern sudan. of the 602 cases, 431 suffered painful, violent deaths. the waterway that cut through the affected area was the ebola river. the virus had its name. >> lots of very sick people. >

sites in the three countries in west africa, which has not been the case in the past, in uganda , zaire or sudan or elsewhere, so it's very hard to control through isolated people who are ill and quarantining people who are exposed for up to 21 days they have to stay in quarantine. >> drdoctor, the two big institutions, the cdc and the nih outside of washington, d.c. have as a primary responsibility looking after people in the united states. when there is a spike like this overseas is there an alarm that goes off stateside? >> you want to be vigilant because with you know a person can get on a plane as that person who went to nigeria , the cdc with the health mechanism that we have here in the united states and globally will stay alert for the possibility that we might get a person here. the question that you just asked my colleagues on the line is that what we have here in the united states would be a system that would make it highly unlikely there would be the kind of explosive spread if we did happen to by accident get someone who flew over here when they were relatively well but got

now probably the strain that's in west africa, this is a new strain, related to the first one from zair. so there are probably close to six strains now. and it's important to know how people get infected with each of these outbreaks. because that can help us understand how to control. >> is that how it got established in the population? >> that's right, ray. hiv is an example of the question that you just asked. does the disease keep coming back and hitting humans from the animal? the prototype of that was ebola. ebola was first recognized in 1976 in the democratic of the congo, and there of been a couple of outbreaks, this being the most important. important of the outbreaks, but it continued to go from an animal reservoir to a human, not really fully being established in a human, whereas hiv made that zoonotic jump from the animal to the human. and now when you make the contrast from ebola to hiv, you see an example of each of the contrasts that you're asking about. >> so as professor lucey mentioned, rna, does a disease like ebola change over time? if we come up with some defenses an

take-home message that i got from my experience in the ebola epidemic in 1995 in what now the called zaire, democratic republic of congo. the tough measures that we might walksof as uncomfortable over the lines of civil liberties are really what makes the difference. you have it force people into quarantine. you have to take the loved one out of that home, away from the screaming family members, and put them in acorns in unit -- in a foreign team -- in a quarantine unit for the safety of everyone around. you cannot allow funerals. you have to force people to relinquish the dead. if you violate any of this in any cases, you lose control. you lose the ability to fight this virus. are dealing with that we have never seen before in the history of what we know of ebola since 1976, when it first appeared, also in zaire, is that it is urbanized. you used to be able to wall off a community or rural area, put the soldiers on the highways in the outside of town and prevent people from leaving the area and concentrate internally on the measures i was describing. now it is monrovia. it is the three gi

. >> it was here in the democratic republic of congo, then zaire, and in southern sudan the ebola virus first discovered in 1976. >> we used this register, it was early on to look through it in the periods where the outbreak was occurring to see if we could find any patients with a diagnosis that might be compatible with the diagnosis of ebola. >> professor david hayman was part of a team that investigated the first outbreak. and he says it all began on a school master who may have gotten infected after butchering an animal he bought from a local market. >> he was treated in the outpatient department with nose bleed and dysentery with an injection. and in that outpatient department there were only four needles and syringes. those four needles and syringes were not sterilized between uses and they were taken into the maternity. >> the first outbreak occurred in the hospital where he says poor hygiene was commonplace. within three months, the hospital closed down. 280 people had died, including many of its health workers. >> health workers then began to get infected because they didn't kn

they traced this back, i think it was they called it the zaire outbreak and it seemed to have disappearedor a while and they don't know where it went and suddenly it popped up again. >> i read that same report. anderson, i think in some ways that is good news. for a time there was a concern that maybe there were multiple almost simultaneous or near simultaneous outbreaks occurring, and that would be cause for concern because i think that would mean that the ebola virus itself, the zaire strain, was more widespread and prevalent than it has been in the past certainly or previously believed. and the fact that they were able to trace it back and it sort of made the contact tracing all that we've been talking about, it actually worked in this case, which is good. you want that to work. but also there was a single origin it appears. and i think when you reflect on that, i think that that is good news in a way as opposed to just thinking in several different places around west africa this sort of sprung up, you know, near simultaneously. >> well, dr. fauci, good luck on this vaccine. appreciate

. >> i think it is more lethal from other strains of ebola zaire. i think the problem is there are a large number of people getting infected and people are not getting care at the appropriate times. but i don't believe biologically, it is behaving faster than the ones we know about. >> is there a social component of spreading faster? >> i think initial play, the out-- initially, the outbreak in guinea, there were so many patients it began to spread across the borders. so over time, the organization doctors without borders were able to start on it in the spring there were so many cases it was an uphill battle. >> why hasn't the international kind of effort to try to combat this been so much slower than what we've heard in the past? your organization is one of the last ones there, you have a number of people there but you don't see the same kind of push from lot of international organizations going in. >> usually the outbreaks are not as big as this one. we start ed to monitor it and finish in two, three months which is what we usually see in an ebola

. >> he was serving as a missionary in zaire, now the democratic republic of congo in the early 1970s and he contracted ebola. earlier, though, had he had a chance to speak with cnn about the pain and also the fear of dying. >> you know, the fever was certainly a big part of it. fever and flu normally doesn't drag on that long. and it carried on -- my wife made very good temperature charts. and this went on for well over a week into two weeks. and that would not be typical for flu. in addition, the rash that i developed, that would not be typical for flu. so we were realizing this was not a classical flu. there's something more to it than that. >> and how did he get it? cairns became infected when he accidentally cut himself performing an autopsy at the hospital. >> you hear so much about it. it's terrifying to hear about the number of people who die, the percentages, very against you. but it's not airborne. you see the precautions worth taking anyway. no one even knew what ebola was at the time that he got it and survived. they actually treated him with aspirin, he said. >> wow. >> b

i was in zaire. outbreakre during the but i was not working with ebola. >> how does this compare to that .utbreak there is no comparison . you have somebody people in liberia that moved to the city. you wonder how you can get some people jampacked in a bus or how many people live in a house. withdministrator came down the virus and he infected his eight children and his wife and all 10 of them died. the close proximity of people living in the concentration of thisopulation means that epidemic no matter what we do will be a tremendous loss of life due to the nature of this disease. >> i thank you both. is there anything else you would like to add before we conclude the hearing? that -- i amst say sure there is much more, but this concept research and development for a vaccine and a cure is very important. i think we will see death tolls in numbers that we can't imagine right now. also, i will tell you that we are now in the process of distributing ebola-readiness information to hospitals across africa

and we would like very much for the drc to become zaire again. that should do it. [laughter] [applause] i wondered whether i should ask that question. i'm glad i did. thank you so much, your excellency. and thank you for all for coming today. [applause] and thank you again to our partners in the world affairs council, d.c. we are adjourned. >> please return your receivers outside. >> speeches by the candidates running for the u.s. senate seat in kentucky. aboutthat, a discussion conspiracy theories and their impact on national security. the annual fancy farm picnic was held today in kentucky. i'm the speakers, republican senate leader mitch mcconnell grimes.son other speakers included steven beshear and senator brand paul. it comes courtesy of kentucky educational public television.

so had it been ebola zaire, which they are dealing with in subsaharan africa now, it would have been really trouble. but the precautions we took and the systems we developed as far as personal protective equipment and how we dealt with these animals really work. that's data that we understood that you know many people were protected using these kinds of procedures. and i think it gives you know it should give some solace to people that are concerned about bringing these infected folks back to the united states. i think there is little to zero risk of any you know escape of that particular virus, because of these precautions that are being taken. >> although probably a greater risk than when you have a traveler coming from abroad not contained in the way that these two medical workers are being very carefully contained. >> yes, you know clearly i think the guy from new york that's being quarn teend, thos quarante signs around symptoms that are like a number of other diseases. someone who is not feeling well when they get here. that is -- you know i think precautions are probably in or

she won a pulitzer prize in 1996 for her coverage of an ebola outbreak in what was then zaire.e's the author of two best selling book, "the coming plague: newly emerging diseases in a world out of balance" and "betrayal of trust: the collapse of global public health." and washington, d c, we're joined by lawrence gostin, university professor and faculty director at the o'neill institute for national and global health law at georgetown university. providence, rhode island, we're joined by adia benton, a medical anthropologist at brown university. she has conducted research on infectious disease in sierra leone over several years. we welcome you all. laurie garrett, explain what ebola is an in talk about what you think we should understand about it. >> it is a virus that infects your mining of blood cells and capillaries, puncturing microscopic leaks. you begin to lose the fluids from your circulatory system into her body as a whole. your eyes, nose, mouth -- every orifice of the body. those fluids are filled with virus. anyone who touches those fluids and the touches their eye w

we were back in congo, or zair, and at that time the epidemics break out.rom that time they did the serum surveys. with congos as well as us foreigners. of the 50 or so foreigners they drew blood on, i turned out to be positive. so then, they were very interested in drawing blood from me in order to maintain a serum bank of a few units of serum back here at cdc so they could, in case of a lab accident, let's say, at cdc. somebody sticks their finger or whatever, they would be able to use it. so they did that for each of the next, i suppose, three-year cycles we were in the states. we would come back every three or four years, they would draw more blood and they would keep it. finally after the third time they told me the antibody level in my blood decreased so much that it really was almost undetectible. so they haven't drawn any blood on me in probably 20 years, maybe longer now. >> so dr. kent brantly, who looks like miraculously will survive, he received, and is still fighting, but he has been able to walk around. he received a blood transfusion from som

never seen before in the history of what we know of ebola since 1976 when it first appeared, also in zaire, is that it's urbanized. so it used to be you could wall off a community, a rural area, you know, put the soldiers on the highways on the outside of town and prevent people from leaving the area and then concentrate internally on the measures i was describing. but now, you know, it's monrovia, it's free town, it's the three giant cities of the major countries. >> charlie: how do you make it work? anybody infected with the ebola virus, you take them somewhere where they will not be able to infect anybody else and they will sit there and die? >> 30% will survive. >> charlie: 30. three out of ten. even though they're there exposed to other people who have ebola virus? how will they survive? there's no known treatment. >> their own immune systems will combat the cyrus successfully. the death rate right now is running between about 65 and 70%. >> charlie: explain to me how it is that if you fly next to somebody you're not necessarily going to get ebola virus, not necessarily. >> no. >> cha

we'll show you now this is what's in now the democratic republic of the congo, in the '70s, it was zairehe nicked himself with a scal l scalpel. weeks later he was gravely ill. at first it felt like the flu. for almost two weeks no symptoms, then you felt like you had the flu but much worse. when did you realize what you had was not the flu? and what was it about the symptoms specifically that made you know it was different? >> you know, the fever was certainly a big part of it. fever in flu normally doesn't drag on that long. and it carried on -- my wife made very good temperature charts. this went on for well over a week into two weeks, and that would not be typical for flu. in addition, the rash that i developed, that would not be typical for flu. so we were realizing this is not a classical flu. there's something more to it than that. >> where was the rash. we heard dr. brantly who now is recovering. they described a rash on his torso. what kind of a rash was it for people trying to understand? so many people are confused and afraid about the symptoms. >> i don't know if i can tell y

. >> reporter: researchers are targeting the zaire strain of ebola now wreaking havoc in liberia, sierra leone, and guinea. the university of oxford is launching simultaneous human trials in the uk and africa. >> you can't make the actual trial quicker. you still have to follow somebody for a month to see if there's an immune response. what we're doing much faster is all the levels of regulatory review and approvals and people are really pulling out all the stops. >> reporter: which could mean a vaccine in africa by the end of the year, though it's likely to be early next year. >> nobody has ever taken a vaccine from first time in a human being to thinking of actually using it to save lives three months later. >> reporter: the british government and the welcome trust, a charitable foundation, are funding oxford with $4.6 million to conduct the study. some of that money will also go to immediately manufacture and stockpile up to 10,000 doses of the experimental vaccine by pharmaceutical giant gsk before it's even approved. >> we would normally not do that at this early stage of developmen

>> actually come at that time, i was in the zaire, but the another was in kik place. >> how does this compare to that outbreak? >> there is no comparison. back then it was a sparsely , populated rural area where it essentially burned itself out. but now, you have people who have moved to the city so that when you look at a taxi or a bus, you wonder how they can get so many people jampacked in there. or how many people live in a house, for example. there is an instance at the hospital where the it ministered or came down with the virus, and he infected his eight children and his wife and all 10 of them died. so the close proximity to the people living the concentration , of the population means that in this epidemic, no matter what we do, there will be tremendous loss of life just for the nature of this disease. >> i thank you both. if there anything you would like to add before we conclude the hearing? >> i would just say that i am think much more -- i am certain there is much more than we know of but this concept of research and development for a vaccine and a cure is very important.

ebola iris, but not -- zaire ebola virus, but not in humans. unfortunately, it impacts the ability of the international community and assisting the government to meet the self challenge. some of the leading doctors in those countries have died treating ebola victims. the nongovernmental and american personnel there say they are besieged not only because they are among the lay medical personnel treating these exponentially spreading disease that because they are under suspicion by some people in these countries who are familiar with this disease and -- who are unfamiliar with this disease and fear doctors may have brought it with them. it is untrue and myths abound. the current outbreak as we know is unprecedented. many people are not cooperating with efforts to contain the disease. there is an information gap. despite the efforts through cell phone and radio to get the message out, there is a learning curve. as we consider what to do to meet this health challenge, i suggest we get funding levels for pandemic preparedness. this is for congress a

>> this particular strain of strain,us, the zaire which we have known about for a long time, has a 90% fatality rate untreated. treatment,gressive especially with doctors without borders, they have had some delicate facilities doing some -- dedicated facility doing some treatment. if the patient has other infections, they will also treat those. they hydrate the patient. they try to correct that morales in blood clotting. that has led to an improvement. vaccines economics for are that challenging, does it mean that we are not going to see them? >> it depends on how much interest or is, if there is enough political or popular pressure or it. >> what would it take for there to be enough pressure? >> it is hard to say. >> an outbreak in a developed nation? hashe defense department partnered with some of these biotech companies. there are often raise national security concerns and you also have the gates foundation. billions of dollars. we may not see traditional of pharmaceutical economics come into play here, but it is possible to see some national and charitable interests coming in. >> t

of zaire ebola one of the questions i will have four tom frieden today is how can that be -- without hurting the protocols are undermining the protocols for safety and efficacy -- how can this be more aggressively put forward? one reason there is not a lot of testing is these outbreaks flareup, go very quickly, and then they are gone. there have been many of them. this one may be different and that is why we are more concerned than ever. host: daniel. up next. west virginia, democrats want. go ahead -- democrats line. go ahead. ask, ii wanted to do not know if he was aware of the africa summit that just took place, and trade with africa. guest: i have been very much a part of it, and i spoke yesterday in one of the house office buildings. i was at a brookings institution dialogue with people involved with the africa summit, and then committee, if the joined some of my colleagues in welcoming the heads of state as they filed into a meeting room right here on the senate side and at that one meeting after another talking about issues like combating human trafficking. countries in questi

this story of the epidemic is colored by thcovered by the surs that the zaire among americans to lose weight but consistently is failing to put in the effort to do so. in 2013 a survey showed that 51% of adults wanted to lose weight while 25% said they were seriously working towards that goal. the mismatch between american state of desire to shed weight and the lack of effort can perhaps explain the growth of the industry and the deceptive advertising for weight-loss products. with so many americans are desperate for anything that might make it easier to lose weight it is no wonder scam artists have turned the 60 billion-dollar weight loss market to make a quick buck. sadly this is not a new problem. the federal trade commission filed its first case in 1927. they claimed in the true romance magazine that excess fat is literally dissolved away leaving the figure slim and properly rounded giving grace to the body that every man and woman desires. since 1927 the ftc has filed more than 250 cases challenging false unproven weight-loss claims including just this year the settlement announc

. >> ebola was first noted 1976 in what used to be called zaire and there have been multiple aks, dozense largest and longest. >> it is. i don't mean to downplay this. this has more than three times the number of cases as any previous epidemic or outbreak. it is not under control and it's been very very dangerous and i want to emphasize the health care workers are heroes, they really are. there have been 100 health care workers, 50 of them have died. >> this cannot be treated with antibiotics. >> it cannot be treated. there are some cocktails of drugs they're going to try out. >> dr. jon lapook with always important information. ebola will be a topic this sunday when i fill in for bob "face the nation." we'll speak with valerie jarrett and michael bloomberg. jon lapook will join us for the latest. right here on cbs. >> that's the makings of a ng show. >> i know you always watch. >> i do. >> a special olympian shared the white house spotlight last night. ♪ i am a champion and you're going to give me -- >> i dare you not to dance when you hear that song. there she is katy perry. president

and we would like very much for the drc to become zaire again. that should do it. [laughter] [applause] >> i wondered whether i should ask that question. i'm glad i did. thank you so much, your excellency. and thank you for all for coming today. [applause] and thank you again to our partners in the world affairs council, d.c. we are adjourned. >> please return your receivers outside. >> please return your translating devices. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013] as african leaders meet this week at the white house come aping go to facebook.com and share your thoughts on the question -- should the u.s. invest more in africa? there are nearly 500 responses so far, including one from care and says that vital a resource as any loyal country is onlyyyes, america need budget money and safeguard all natural resources to save the world. keith says how about our own poverty first. you can weigh in. the african leader summit is meeting and washington, d.c. air the first of its kind in the white h

[laughter] and we'd like very much for the drc to become zaire again. that would do it. [laughter] [applause] >> i wondered a while whether i should ask that question, and i'm glad i did. [laughter] thank you so much, your excellency. and thank you all for coming today. [applause] and thank you to you all. thank you, again, to our partners in the world affairs council d.c. we are adjourned. >> translator: please return your receivers to the table outside to. [inaudible conversations] >> please return your translating devices -- >> our foundation -- >> on your screen here on c-span2, that is the former mayor of new york city michael bloomberg introducing day two of over 50 heads of african nations. president obama is hosting the three-day event and day two focusing on business. opening remarks here from the former mayor, also commerce secretary penny pritzker. the president will speak later, also the vice president and the heads of a number of mayor u.s. corporations. it's just getting started, so is our live coverage here on c-span2. >> that part of our relationship stil

been tested on humans and that it has been provided 100% protection from an otherwise lethal dose of zaire ebola virus, but not in humans. it's been done in non-humans. unfortunately, it impacts the ability of the international community and assisting the overnment to meet the self -- health challenge. some of the leading doctors in those countries have died treating ebola victims. the nongovernmental and american personnel there say they are besieged not only because they are among the only medical personnel treating these exponentially spreading disease that because they are under suspicion by some people in these countries who are unfamiliar with this disease and fear doctors may have brought it with them. of course this is untrue, and myths do abound. the current outbreak as we know is unprecedented. many people are not cooperating with efforts to contain the disease. there is an information gap. despite the efforts through cell phone and radio to get the message out, there is a learning curve. as we consider what to do to meet this health challenge, i suggest we get funding levels for

and we'd like very much for the drc to become zaire again. that would do it.[applause] >> i wondered whether i should ask that question. and i'm glad i did. thank you so much, your excellency. and thank you all for coming today. [applause] and thank you to you all. thank you again to our partners in the world affairs council, d.c. we are adjourned. please return your receivers to the table outside. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] washingtonext journal, todd akin and his new book firing back that focuses on his political career and his the republican party. after that, a conversation with crystal williams about their role in the ongoing debate in congress over immigration legislation. then newsweek senior writer kurt aiken walt discusses his article on how conspiracy theories pose a national security risk. we will take your phone calls i aook for comments vi facebook and twitter. beginning live at 7:00 a.m. on c-span. sunday on "book tv," ron paul. he has written more than a dozen

question you're asking about why is it so bad there now, is that ebola was first discovered in 1976, in zaireany years since 1976, there have been many outbreaks, mostly in rural areas, that geographically made it easier to contain, because of the geographic restriction. now you're talking about cross-border infection, from three separate countries, that are very populous, but also countries in which you have cities in which the virus now has had outbreak in the cities in those countries, which make it much, much more difficult to contain. >> we talked to a shop owner earlier from liberia who said she's basically getting on a plane and coming to america for the time being, and that she knows an awful lot of people just getting out of that region. does that concern you at all? or do you think that's a smart move? >> well, whether a person stays in that region or not is their own personal choice. when you talk about, is that a problem? you mean about bringing the infection here? if that's what you mean, we are very capable of containing these types of infection, and we always get asked that que

this spectacular outbreak is caused by the zaire species involving in case mortality rates anywhere fromhis particular outbreak has opinion on the lower end, about 60%, so we just want to make sure that these two individuals aren't, you know, in that 40% that would have survived anyway. >> and there is -- and you are skeptical, would you say, that this would be such a miraculous turnaround in the doctor? do you think that there's potential that this could really be the fix, could be the cure for him but maybe not for mass production. >> i think it could be. i think the treatment has a lot of potential. i just think right now we're talking about two patients and we really, as a scientist, we have to be very careful how we interpret the results and i don't have access to all the data that i haven't seen in the lab results and i think right now, you know, we need to be very cautious. i think the signs ren couraging, but i think, you know, we're still not outside of the window yet as far as, you know, having some complications or we're still at a point where anything can happen and we need t