you know, you work on virus after virus for zeke a, ebola, -- zika, ebola, does this open a gateway tose other viruses we have been struggling with, and new gateways to things you have been wrestling with in the past? dr. fauci: the answer is yes, steve, and if you look at the externally potential of new platform vaccines, there are more than one, but let's take mrna as an example. there was a lot of skepticism when we used the mrna as one of our top-priority vaccine candidates for covid-19. at some point, that skepticism morphed into criticism. we had faith in it, because we had been working on it for a few years and we saw its potential. we believe that other vaccines that have eluded success, avoided success and escaped success, that we will now use these new platform technologies, and hopefully we will get a greater degree of success using other vaccines, using a now-proven technology that just a year ago was well before it was proven. steve: are we ready to go forward and begin looking at what we need to prepare for the next pandemic comes in? do we have a fast-action response? an

another surveillance system called set met, which was established during the zika epidemic, we have been very closely monitoring the impacts of covid-19 in both pregnant women and subsequently following up. the rates have been relatively low thus far, but as we amass data, we hope to have more specific estimates of the risks that are posed to pregnant women and their infants. the early indication is there may be a higher risk of preterm delivery among pregnant women infected with covid-19 relative to women without covid-19. but there's ongoing efforts to assess those and other potential pregnancy read it risks and fetal outcomes. >> thank you very much, dr. hall. >> the food and drug administration's committee of external experts is meeting today to determine if the pfizer biontech covid-19 vaccine is safe enough for an emergency use authorization. shortly they'll hear testimony from members of the public followed by pfizer's presentation on the vaccine. later, the panel will debate and vote on authorization. we'll have live coverage when they resume

mosquitos that might be carrying diseases like zika, dengue or malaria.re there are a lot of mosquitoes and you see bats at night, you should be thankful for those bats. >> absolutely. >> and all that insect eating translates into big money saved for agriculture. the mexican free-tailed bat of texas, for example, eat huge numbers of moths, protecting the corn crops of the region. >> people have estimated that the financial impact of bats on the u.s. economy is that they're worth well over $1 billion a year every single year. >> really? >> yes. in terms of how many pesticides we don't need to use. and how much food we get. >> but pest control isn't bats' only contribution to the ecosystem. the droppings of fruit-eating bats, particularly in rainforests, help disperse seeds and regenerate trees and plants previously cut down. and that's not the only benefit. >> bat droppings are full of nitrogen so they're really good for crops and there are all kinds of stories about these caves in the united states being harvested for fertilizer and then for explosive for

messenger rna surrounded in lipids to deliver a vaccine was developed for those diseases and others like zika and even the flu, even an hiv form that was more adenovirus-based. so when the time came for developing a sars-cov-2 vaccine, a platform was already well along and be promoted for other disease states. so it was a matter of an opportune time. we were prepared and we're very lucky and fortunate. >> dr. john also says side effects usually appear six to eight weeks after vaccination. so by the time the general public like us gets vaccinate next spring or summer, we'll have a lot more data because millions of health care and essential care workers will have been vaccinated by then. the vaccines have also been thoroughly reviewed by doctors, experts, and the fda. dr. john says he can't wait to get vaccinated when it is his turn. >>> well, it appears that some people in the bay area are not taking the new stay-at-home order as seriously as they did the first one last spring. that's according to new cell phone data. the information company unicast collects cell phone location data f data. th

i've seen him take on hiv/aides, h1n1, ebola, zika over his nearly 40 years of service to our country. dr. fauci is trusted, a truth-tell he truth-teller, a patriot. he'll tell me what i need to know, not what i want to know. what i need to know. not what i want to know. this is my core covid health care team. before january 20th, we'll be adding more leaders to oversee vaccine distribution, the supply chain, testing and other key functions. to each of you on this team, you have my gratitude and i mean that. you have my gratitude for answering the call to serve. and to your families. i know many of you are making real sacrifices to do this. thank you. to your families, i say thank you directly. we couldn't do this without them or without you, the families supporting this. and to the american people. i know we've all had a lot of sleepless nights this year. so many of you staring at the ceiling worrying, my god, what happens if it strikes my family. what happens if i lose my insurance? what happens? am i going to be okay? is my family going to be okay? all i can tell you is the truth.

world with development and distribution of vaccines against deadly viruses such as malaria, ebola, zikast recently, the work towards a cure for covid-19. this museum also shows the battles the army has faced inside our ranks as each new generation challenges the perceptions of decency, and improve the organization from within. heroic actions are detailed inside from units like the all african-american 54th massachusetts infantry regiment, to the desegregation of the armed forces in 1948. from the women's army corps to the expansion of army women into combat operations. this museum helps capture these stories, amplified by pictures, artifacts, and personal accounts from the people who lived them, linking these heroic deeds with the ordinary citizens who performed them. this is not just the army's museum, but america's museum. year after year, totaling two and a half centuries, ordinary men and women from every corner of the country and every walk of life achieve the extraordinary. this living museum will help their sacrifice endure for the ages and serves as a repository for all american

zika took three months, this is now two months. this is built on a lot of very solid research.de it more quickly developed was the fact that we cut the red tape for developing the testing so that phase one, phase two, phase three happened all at the same time. you didn't have these pauses in between, plus people working around the clock in a way they hadn't done before. but look at the results of the trials, 44,000 people for pfizer, 30,000 for moderna. it seems to be 95% effective. so far, safe, we're going to watch to see how safe it is over the time and months that happen. but so far, it really looks like a promising vaccine. we should understand it is a technological tour de force. >> diaz: dr. jon lapook, thank you. vaccinations have already been underway in britain for nearly a week. cbs news senior foreign correspondent elizabeth palmer reports. >> reporter: this was the first shot, in the u.k.'s battle to vaccinate as many people as are willing, starting with an initial 400,000 elderly people and front line medical staff. first up, 90 year old margaret keenan got an ova

and zika. we need a vaccine for all of these.ly down the road maybe they could couple r.s.v. with the coronavirus vaccine and offer them as a combo. beyond infectious diseases, they're also working on orphan drugs and those could wind up getting fast track designation due to their high unmet needs. so there's a lot to speak for for this company. they've also been partnering like the recent announcement of a partnership to help work on cystic fibrosis medicine as well. interestingly, one of the challenges that we've seen thus far in gene editing, specifically with -- [indiscernible] -- is that it's been difficult to deliver into the right place into the human body for different types of treatment. mr&a down the road, the future, could be potential tool to help deliver crisper to get to the places where it's needed most. vonnie: this year has been very exciting. not least because people have decided to look at this area again and really concentrate on it from investors to just the general public. and at robo, you've been putting to

in some ways experience of to the zika is very instructive. there's also the issue of coordination of monks and jews doing the same work but not doing the work together because of difference between religious or political belief. where right spaced culture is happening, we should enhance it and that should be the foundation. >> thank you for that. given this context where there is this concrete ceiling of how much civil society can do and they being in a role where they should be holding people, institutions and groups accountable but then paradoxically they are also a part of the system which may involve some of these groups. i think that it would be interesting to hear a little bit about your research on the political participation and what lessons more generally we can take away from your research on the collaboration and peace by the sectarian conflict. >> a little bit of background for those who don't know my research, a lot of this work deals with public opinion, a lot of surveys and experiments in lebanon but also a syrians which is int

researchers are testing some of the vaccines in infant .have played a role in helping fight zika. the will have a similar immune system as humans have already received two doses. >> the data looks very promising. we see that they have good immuno responses. it can help guide and hopefully speed up the start of trials in human children. if we can immunize children, we can break the cycle of transmission in the local communities. >> the uc davis teams as they have been in touch with regulatory agencies in preparation for human trials. >>> a new and more contagious strain of coronavirus sweeping across southern england is prompting european travel restrictions. experts say it may spread 70% faster than earlier versions. >> it seems like this new strain is more contagious. it does not seem to be any more dangerous than run-of-the-mill covid. >> germany is among one of the countries to shut off travel time's with the uk. the german government which holds the presidency of the european union has called a special crisis meeting today to coordinate a response. france also banning all trav

this species of monkeys has played a vital role in spreading viruses such as hi have, and zika. now they will help find a coronavirus vaccine for kids. the monkeys who have a similar immune system as humans already received two doses. >> it looks very promising. if we see the vaccine is safe and we see it will be good, this could help guide and hopefully speed up the start of similar tryouts in human children. we could break the cycle of transmission in the local community. >> well the team in touch with regulatory agencies in preparation for human trials. >>> well, the show will go on at the san francisco opera next year and virtually, of course. the company is streaming three of their past performances in january starting with romeo and juliet. and the weekend of january 30. the opera is also offering an online program called opera officianado. >> it includes panels and installments that will be coming up in january as we will be featuring three local composures and scholars. each one of them is preserving and changing the music in interesting ways. >> opera is offering a full

zika took three months and this had is two months.id research, what made it quickly develop is the fact that we cut the red tape for the testing. so phase 1, phase 2, phase 3, happened all at the same time, you didn't have the pauses in between. and peep were working around the clock in the way they have not done before. look at the results of the trials which, 44,000 people for pfizer, 30,000 for moderna, it's so far effective and safe, and we will watch to see how safe it is over the time and months that happened. you know, so far, it looks alike a promising vaccine, we should understand it's a tour deforce. >> there was pandemonium, after aman started to fire a gun on the steps of a landmark cathedral. the man was shot by police and taken to a hospital. no one else was hurt. john le carre, one of the masters of the spy novel has died. he was a real spy, working for two british services in the 50s and 60s. he was 89 years old, the "cbs overnight news" will be right back. stressballs gummies have ashwagandha, an herbal stress relieve

because when they develop vaccines for zika or eastbound lane or viruses that's what they found.he real question is how many half lives can you go down? six months, nine months, 12 months before you run out of gas and can't stop the virus anymore? i think that's what we're going to learn. it's not necessarily true of all the vaccines, but it might be. let's take something like the flu. the flu vaccine has a familiar half-life, maybe shorter. we use it, it's effective. it's not necessarily a limitation, but it is a caution. and it's something we have to watch of time. >> doctor, it's been many years since i had to put a half-life as an answer to a science exam. is this something that's going to effect one age group more than another? >> it is, in fact, because the half-life in people under 50 is longer, apparently, according to the preliminary data, i should say it's preliminary, because it's only a small number of patients, but over 50, the half-life is shorter than it is for people under 50. and, of course, that's a little bit concerning. people over 50 are the ones who need the

>> i'm going to zika scripture kennedy, but i don't think we should have any stimulus checks but i know it coal in my stocking now. the economy does not need stimulus it needs economic freedom. the bigger the stimulus in fact the slower the recover we talked about that before. the obama so-called stimulus was $8 billion. we are talking about trillions of dollars every dollar stimulus given out is taken from the private productive economy. see for the jobs and opportunities were taken from people against their will. that was the ultimate government taking when they shut down the economy arbitrarily. samantha: we have to go for it i will see it would new york soon. until then we will remain via satellite merry christmas and happy new year. topical storm is next and it is a good one. to support a strong immune system, your body needs routine. centrum helps your immune defenses every day, with vitamin c, d and zinc. season, after season. ace your immune support, with centrum. t-moat a record pace. its network we were the first to bring 5g nationwide. and now that sprint is a part of t-mobil

original work was done with the messenger rna vaccines starting in early 2000 and has been developed, a zika influenza vaccine candidate, other disease targets have been evaluated in the backbone and we can get comfortable with the backbone. it's not the first time this is going into people but it is with covid. i invested in years ago in barda for this purpose and i have tracked it closely. i'm comfortable and excited about the data we're getting from the clinical trials. i would get the vaccine. >> the people who deserve it are the scientists and the people who worked on it and the people who took part in the trials. thank you so much, rick. good to see you. >> absolutely. don, good to see you. >>> mitch mcconnell acknowledging joe biden's victory, finally. more republicans acknowledging reality, finally. whil ♪ pepto bismol coats and soothes your stomach for fast relief and get the same fast relief in a delightful chew with pepto bismol chews. ♪ may your holidays glow bright and all your dreams take flight. visit your local mercedes-benz dealer today for exceptional lease winter event. -w

but allowed people to live essentially normal lives, to be able to address outbreaks like ebola and zika and the pandemic flu. and now to have science come to the rescue with covid-19 because we're going to end this terrible scourge we're going through by vaccines. and vaccines are the result of fundamental, basic and clinical research which led to the vaccines. so to me that's ample reason why i've been doing it for 52 years. >> dr. fauci, i always say to my own personal doctors and nurses, i'll never be able to thank you enough. and i know i'm speaking for millions of americans when i say to you tonight we will never be able to thank you enough. and i'm so honored to be able to tell you that at the end of this difficult year that we've all been through and have done better with thanks to your guidance. dr. anthony fauci, thank you very much for joining us tonight and for everything you've done this year and every year in your career. >> thank you for having me. i really appreciate it. thanks. >> thank you. >>> and coming up, it is now mitch mcconnell versus everyone in america who need

>> i think there were some critical lessons we learned during ebola, during h1n1, during zika, that a strong federal coordinated response is essential. so the federal agencies were working closely together and also working really closely with states and locals so we felt supported and we had the resources we needed. it was also essential to have clear and consistent communication based on science and facts. those kinds of things really helped us to be responsive and to do what was appropriate when we needed to do it. the other thing that was really critical is we really leaned into it and engagement with our community organizations, understanding what the community's questions were, hearing from them, understanding what concerns they had and who they needed to hear from to really have faith and confidence in the vaccines that were being add municip administered that those same kinds of things need to happen and to ensure we can respond and turn the tide with this pandemic. >> well, let's hope they do. dr. julie morita, thank you so much for sharing your expertise with us. we appreciat

pasteur institute, a world-renown laboratory that's been at the frontline of infectious disease: dengue, zikaer, for which it was an early developer and producer of vaccines. most recently, ebola gave senegal a rehearsal for covid. in 2014, as ebola killed thousands in neighboring countries, senegal mobilized swiftly, containing it to just one case. similarly, with covid, senegal shut down its land borders as well as air travel. it launched campaigns to improve hygiene and imposed curfews. those slowed, but, critically, did not shut down the economy, says bilali camara, an infectious disease physician with the united nations. >> the guiding step which they ve undertaken since the beginning is to get really the right balance between the economic issues d the public health issues. >> reporter: public health issues were tackled quickly, he says, with mask mandates and hygiene and distancing messages, helping flatten the infections curve without stressing the country's limited medical facilities. experts also give senegal's government high marks for how it is communicating with the public. each m

/aids vaccines, zika, ebola, flu pandemic vaccines.ally the moment for us to jump in and say, "okay, let's do it. let's try to be part of the solution." >> whitaker: almost 44,000 people around the world volunteered for the phased, double blind trials, testing the vaccines against a placebo. most were between the ages of 16 and 85. researchers faced some skepticism when they reached out for african american and hispanic volunteers. were these communities well represented in the trials? >> mulligan: i feel that they were. if you add the hispanic population and the african american black population and the indigenous american population, it came in at just under 40%. we would like to have done a little better, particularly with african americans. we were just under 10%. but i think overall, it's good and we've had several town halls with community partners in harlem. it's important for us to be able to say, "yes. that we tested it in your community. yes, it was equally tolerated, safe, and equally protective." >> participants on the sche

according to the world health organization, there are about 20 pandemics going on including covid-19, zikaiv/aids. hiv/aids has continued to kill which many people, almost 700,000 people died last year as i write about in my peace. the sort of good news, as good as it can be, it declined a great deal. but the real risk, as the clip was saying a moment ago, the possibility is a could go back up. what is concerning to me as the previous two doctors were speaking about vaccination coming out is a pharmacological intervention alone is not going to get us out of the death and instruction we are saying. there have been various sets of medications for hiv the past quarter-century and yet tense and of people have died since that time most of the problem is not just the drugs, it is the conditions around people's lives that lead them to become affected by viruses. juan: could you explain that, why in despite the anti-retro viral drugs that have come on the scene over these 25 years or so that rates of aids continue to increase? >> yes. in a word, the problem is capitalism. the drugs work. we have t

i've seen him take on hiv-aids, ebola, zika, coronavirus and every infectious disease in between over his nearly 40 years of service to our country. dr. fauci's trusted, a truth-teller, a patriot. like every good doctor, he'll tell me what i need to know not what i want to know. what i need to know. not what i want to know. there's r this is my core covid health care team. before january 20th we'll be adding more leaders to oversee vaccine distribution, the supply chain, testing and other key functions. to each of you on this team, you have my gratitude and i mean that, you have my gratitude for answering the call to serve. and to your families, and many of making real sacrifices to do this. thank you. and to your families i say, thank you directly. we couldn't do this without you. without them. or without you, the families, supporting this. and to the american people, i know we all have had a lot of sleepless nights this year. so many of you staring at the ceiling at night worrying, my god, what happens? what happens? if this strikes my family? what happens if i lose my insurance? wh

he led the cdc during h1n1, ebola and zika emergencies as well.eresting new york chose to do it that way. we don't know if that's the first vaccine around the country but for something so mundane important to do like this is a significant statement. >> this is a wonderful first step on a very long road to immunity from vaccination. it is a triumph, a scientific triumph. it's amazing that we have a vaccine that's this effective and appears to be this safe. but we're not out of the woods yet, and for the next few months, we really need to double down on protection protocols, so that there aren't avoidable deaths while we're waiting to get the vaccine rolled out. >> and sanjay, that is the great tragedy. 110,000 people hospitalized, new cases at a record. deaths the cdc said will run 2,000 to 3,000 per day for the next 90 days, a tragedy so much of this was avoidable had behavior been changed. sanjay, what do you think is put out there as people mull over the vaccine what they're going to do? some said you should give everyone one dose and give every

murthy helped fight ebola and the zika virus as surgeon general during the obama administration. >> whilehis is a daunting task, we absolutely have as a country wh we need to overcome this virus. e world class scientists we have courageous medical professionals who are risking their lives to care for the ill, we have companies that are onve the cusp of deng vaccines, . yamiche: mr. biden also appointed jeff zients to be the coordinator of his administration'sseovid-19 resp former white house and pentagon senior adviser natalie quillian was tapped to be his deputy. and, yale medical professor,r. marcella nunez-smith, will chair the president's covid-19 equity task force. this afternoon president-elect , biden also nounced he has chosen retired army general lloyd austin as his nominee for secrety of defense. austin would be the first black american thold that post. judy: this evening, the "newshour" can confirm that u.s. representative marcia fudge, democrat from ohio, will be president-elect biden's nominee to be secretary of housing and urban development. we turn agaito yamiche what more

. —— zika. doctor fauci as truth telling, a fake tree it. —— a patriot.g more to oversee vaccine distribution, supply chain, testing and other key functions. to each of you on this team, you have my gratitude, and i mean that, for answering the call to serve and to yourfamilies, answering the call to serve and to your families, many of you are making real sacrifices. thank you. to yourfamilies, making real sacrifices. thank you. to your families, i making real sacrifices. thank you. to yourfamilies, i say making real sacrifices. thank you. to your families, i say thank you directly. we couldn't do this without them or without you, the families supporting us. and to the american people, i know we've all had a lot of sleepless nights this year. so many of you have stared at the ceiling at night, worrying what happens? what happens if i move my insurance? what happens? going to be 0k? will insurance? what happens? going to be ok? will my family be ok? all i can tell you is the truth. we're in a very dark winter. things may well get worse before they get bett

administrations and congresses in the past fund public health and knee-jerk reactions, be funding for zikabola to say fix a problem for us but not having long-term sustained funding for public health. you have to remember, too, 70% of all of the funding that goes to cdc is actually going out to the state, supporting our public health infra structure. they have to have that funding in order to do the important things we need moving forward based on this response, we need to modernize our public health data, modern work capacity modernized workforce. i hope the bhadeliden administr will consider all of these things. >> proof political appointees put public service first too. thank you for coming out here and sharing your perspective with us. >> thank you for having us. >> you got it. >>> when we come back, how advanced non-small cell lung cancer can take away so much. but today there's a combination of two immunotherapies you can take first. one that could mean... a chance to live longer. opdivo plus yervoy is for adults newly diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer that has spread and tha

>> i'm going to zika scripture kennedy, but i don't think we should have any stimulus checks but i knowstocking now. the economy does not need stimulus it needs economic freedom. the bigger the stimulus in fact the slower the recover we talked about that before. the obama so-called stimulus was $8 billion. we are talking about trillions of dollars every dollar stimulus given out is taken from the private productive economy. see for the jobs and opportunities were taken from people against their will. that was the ultimate government taking when they shut down the economy arbitrarily. samantha: we have to go for it i will see it would new york soon. until then we will remain via satellite merry christmas and happy new year. topi ♪ sanctuary music (kids laughing) ♪ upbeat tempo ♪ sanctuary music it's the final days of the wish list sales event sign and drive off in a new lincoln with zero down, zero due at signing, and a complimentary first month's payment. it's time for aerotrainer, with your weight and health? a more effective total body fitness solution. (announcer) aerotrainer's ergod

administrations and congresses in the past fund public health and knee-jerk reactions, if you will, funding for zikand ebola to say, fix a problem for us, but not having long-term, sustained funding for public health. because you have to remember, too, 70% of all the funding that goes to cdc is actually going out to the states, supporting our public health infrastructure. and they have to have that funding in order to do the important things that we've seen we need moving forward based on this response, which is we need to modernize our public health data. we need more laboratory capacity. and we need a modernized public health workforce. so, i hope that the biden administration will consider all of those things. >> kyle mcgowan, amanda campbell, proof that there are plenty of political appointees who put public service first, too. thanks for speaking out. thanks for coming on here and sharing your perspective with us. >> thank you for having us. >> thank you. >> you got it. >>> when we come back, how should the u.s. respond to this catastrophic security hack? do we even know how to respond? the pan

>>come apart homicides get us to be safe over the huge one of limiting who are saying zika see my family and like basically. unlike several a small foreign groups are tracking the pretty small, but it's hard right now because it's the holidays and they say yes or on the holiday break. so you don't have go to class for now though. >>yeah for now we don't have class classes will kick up until late january or so but even then it's still probably going to be online they've already announced it earlier this year that they are planning on doing online schooling. at least rest of state and so yeah, it's it's going to be an interesting one okay, thank you so much online learning their world for now it's we're talking about it's weird to finally see some bodies face and the face doesn't match the voice but it is the way it is. >>just practice common sense are things you can do and obviously you can always shop online get things delivered to you if you are very fearful of coming into contact with let's face it there are a lot of people out there not wearing a mask and that they don't believe in co

described today, as well as another surveillance system called set net, which was established during the zika epidemic, we have been very closely monitoring the impacts of covid-19 in both pregnant women and subsequently following up with their infants. thankfully, the rates overall have been relatively low thus far, but as we continue to accumulate a critical mass of data in this demographic, we indeed do hope to have more specific estimates of the risks that are posed to pregnant women and their infants. the early indication is that there may be a risk, higher risk of pre-term delivery among pregnant women infected with covid-19, relative to women without covid-19. but there's ongoing efforts to assess those and other potential pregnancy-related risks and fetal outcomes. >> thank you very much, dr. hall. and it's now time for our morning break. we've eaten into the time a little bit, but i do want to start again at 10:30 eastern. so we can hear from dr. messonier from cdc. >> we are next going to hear from, again, the centers for disease control. we are going to have a few presentations and

in the last 40 years we've senior citizen sars and h1n1 and zika and ebola. the diversity of new disease outbreaks is increasing. why is that? well, the global population is bigger. maybe approaching five times the size of 100 years ago. we have an older population, a more urban population, a more mobile population. i think ports and border crossing counted 1.5 billion international arrivals last year and i have to admit, a disturbing number of those were me. [laughter] we've had human encroachment into animal habitats which is leading to more transmission of infections and -- from animals to people and once you get this new infection, the nature of today's societies makes it difficult and expensive to prevent the spread. especially as the case with this virus. for those infectious viruses, some of whose carriers either develop symptoms slowly or maybe don't develop symptoms at all. bruce: i want to come later to the question that you sort of raised of the quantity of travel that you and your team normally do and of course you're impeded from that now. i want

they are shedding off zombie brands like zika and tab part of that requires some layoffs but this is a reminder that some companies are using this opportunity to do this. >> i almost feel like businesses are taking a wait and see approach before they start hiring back en masse just trying to see what the next to you months hold in terms of how the pandemic goes, the rollout of the vaccine and when we can get back to whatever normalcy looks like on the other side. >> sure. i think a lot of other companies are doing that as well, as evidenced by the higher unemployment claim the market may be looking ahead to the vaccine and companies may be looking ahead to 2021 but you have to respond to what is happening on the ground right now. >> the ceo of investment manager nuveen will join with us his outlook for 2021 and what the back to normal trade looks hike in the new year. yields are moving higher are we going to hit 1% getting close. 93 basis points on the ten-year. we are back after this this was an unexpected bill not covered by my health insurance. and this is the aflac duck who helpe

described today, as well as another surveillance system called set net, which was established during the zika epidemic, we have been very closely monitoring the impacts of covid-19 in both pregnant women and subsequently following up with their infants. thankfully the rates overall have been relatively low thus far, but as we continue to accumulate a critical mass of data in this demographic we indeed do hope to have more specific estimates of the risks that are posed to pregnant women and their infants. the early indication is that there may be a risk -- higher risk of pre-term delivery among pregnant women infected with covid-19, relative to women without covid-19. but there's ongoing efforts to assess those and other potential pregnancy-related risks and fetal outcomes. >> thank you very much, dr. hall. and it's now time for our morning break. we've eaten into the time a little bit but i do want to start, again, at 10:30 eastern. so we can hear from dr. messonier from cdc, see you later. >>> after this ten-minute break the independent fda committee will hear from dr. nancy messonier, the d

become a really core aspect of just public health in general, and we had h1n1, sars, mers, ebola, zika, and so public health awareness has been really critical, and so we emerged into an all-hazards approach, and so in a sense we have been preparing for this pandemic for a long time. part of preparation requires us to work not just at the regional level with -- that you may have heard of earlier, but also at the state level with the officers. and the other -- with public health is working with the community. you can see the community health equity and promotion, chep. next slide. a core component of public health is epidemiology, surveillance and research, and that's an area where historically we have been pretty strong, especially in hiv, and that's really gone on to play a real critical role with the covid response. right now that's -- those functions are operating under advanced planning that's been an amazing collaboration, not just with clinical side, because we have those experts both in computer programming, infomatics and working on our side where we focus on surveillance, publ