1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:01,001
Do we have time for questions?

2
00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:03,001
I think so.

3
00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:08,000
If I wasn't provocative, I didn't do my job.

4
00:00:13,000 --> 00:00:16,000
So I will start and give
people some time to think.

5
00:00:19,000 --> 00:00:24,001
So one of the functions you mentioned
that we need to retain and preserve from

6
00:00:24,001 --> 00:00:27,000
libraries is landing in
the digital environment.

7
00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:34,000
Because antiquated most current
libraries have an exemption and

8
00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:36,000
they can land physical problems.

9
00:00:37,000 --> 00:00:42,000
Should we start with changing
the law or inventing different

10
00:00:42,000 --> 00:00:43,001
mechanisms for landing?

11
00:00:46,001 --> 00:00:49,000
Laws usually come after the fact.

12
00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:54,001
When I've seen laws try to be done proactively,
they usually get it wrong.

13
00:00:55,000 --> 00:00:58,000
So then how do you do things after the fact?

14
00:00:58,000 --> 00:01:02,000
It means that we start to do the
things that we think are important to

15
00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:04,000
do as our jobs.

16
00:01:05,001 --> 00:01:09,000
That we are librarians and I don't see
any law that goes and says we don't

17
00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:11,000
want libraries anymore.

18
00:01:11,001 --> 00:01:12,001
And what libraries do?

19
00:01:13,000 --> 00:01:18,001
Collect, preserve,
provide access, and interoperate.

20
00:01:18,001 --> 00:01:23,001
And if there are threats to those basic four,
then it probably

21
00:01:23,001 --> 00:01:25,000
gets put before the legislatures.

22
00:01:26,000 --> 00:01:31,001
So I think that we actually have to lead, which

23
00:01:31,001 --> 00:01:33,001
isn't easy for our profession.

24
00:01:34,000 --> 00:01:35,001
We're a service-oriented profession.

25
00:01:36,001 --> 00:01:38,000
But we have to lead.

26
00:01:39,000 --> 00:01:44,001
And it's not going to be just an
American that does all of this.

27
00:01:44,001 --> 00:01:47,000
It has to be all of us.

28
00:01:48,001 --> 00:01:54,000
[...] have to proceed and be the
best libraries you know how to be.

29
00:01:56,001 --> 00:01:58,000
Okay, Ana Maria.

30
00:02:09,000 --> 00:02:14,000
Thank you, Mr. Layser.

31
00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:19,000
And the question is,
you spoke about the digital library

32
00:02:19,000 --> 00:02:21,000
rights, the four rights.

33
00:02:22,000 --> 00:02:26,000
But these are for me the traditional
library functionalities.

34
00:02:26,001 --> 00:02:29,000
Why the digital library should be the right?

35
00:02:29,001 --> 00:02:34,000
And so, hello, for continuing the
functionalities of the library.

36
00:02:36,001 --> 00:02:38,001
A right of functionalities.

37
00:02:39,000 --> 00:02:44,001
Why do we need the hello for
the Virginia to do the right?

38
00:02:44,001 --> 00:02:49,000
Right now, at least in the United States,
the publishers say that we have no

39
00:02:49,000 --> 00:02:53,000
right to do what libraries
do in the digital world.

40
00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:55,001
We do not have the right to collect.

41
00:02:56,001 --> 00:02:58,001
They won't sell us books.

42
00:02:59,000 --> 00:03:00,000
They will not.

43
00:03:01,001 --> 00:03:04,000
Again, I've picked on our colleague here.

44
00:03:04,000 --> 00:03:11,000
But to just make it clear that what
they're offering our licenses that they

45
00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:13,000
can change and pull away at any time.

46
00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:19,000
And this idea of having every book
every so often just disappear

47
00:03:19,000 --> 00:03:21,000
off the shelves here at the Vatican.

48
00:03:22,000 --> 00:03:25,000
And should cause a shimmer
to run down your spine.

49
00:03:25,000 --> 00:03:28,000
That's exactly what's happening
right now in the digital

50
00:03:28,000 --> 00:03:30,001
bundles that are going on.

51
00:03:30,001 --> 00:03:32,001
The things are being changed and deleted.

52
00:03:32,001 --> 00:03:37,001
So, it's, yeah, it seems obvious to me.

53
00:03:38,000 --> 00:03:40,000
It's how you've just generally proceeded.

54
00:03:41,000 --> 00:03:44,000
A library support a long tail of authors.

55
00:03:45,001 --> 00:03:48,000
But it won't happen for very long.

56
00:03:48,001 --> 00:03:54,000
If we basically take if they take our
rights away and make our institutions so

57
00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:56,001
useless that our funding will go down.

58
00:03:56,001 --> 00:04:01,001
And then it will be a Netflix
of books that is just the best

59
00:04:01,001 --> 00:04:03,001
sellers available to end users.

60
00:04:04,000 --> 00:04:05,000
It will just be Spotify.

61
00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:12,000
And that's the only access there will
be to books or journals or music.

62
00:04:12,001 --> 00:04:17,000
And this is not a future that
libraries are here to support.

63
00:04:17,000 --> 00:04:24,000
Libraries are here for the long tail
for the researchers for the obscure the

64
00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:26,000
disadvantaged.

65
00:04:26,001 --> 00:04:28,000
That's what we're here for.

66
00:04:29,000 --> 00:04:30,001
Let's do our jobs.

67
00:04:31,000 --> 00:04:32,001
Thank you.

68
00:04:32,001 --> 00:04:37,001
So, I'm not only limited to legal
deposit or copyright or licenses.

69
00:04:38,000 --> 00:04:43,001
It's very much more comprehensive
for the survivor, the continuing

70
00:04:43,001 --> 00:04:45,001
internationalities or the libraries.

71
00:04:46,001 --> 00:04:48,001
Legal deposit is a good idea.

72
00:04:49,000 --> 00:04:51,000
In the United States it's under threat.

73
00:04:52,001 --> 00:04:56,000
I can tell you tales about what's
going on with the Copyright Office.

74
00:04:56,000 --> 00:05:01,001
About how the publishing industry people,
the people that are suing us, are

75
00:05:01,001 --> 00:05:05,001
trying to make it so that they don't
even have to deposit materials

76
00:05:05,001 --> 00:05:07,000
into the Library of Congress.

77
00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:13,000
Or if they do it has to be so circumscribed
as to sort of an access in a room

78
00:05:13,000 --> 00:05:15,000
that you're not allowed to
bring your cell phone into.

79
00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:17,000
It's fine stuff.

80
00:05:17,001 --> 00:05:20,001
It's just these are publications.

81
00:05:20,001 --> 00:05:24,001
Publications have public in the name of it.

82
00:05:24,001 --> 00:05:28,000
And copyright is a trade off where the
government goes and defends people,

83
00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:34,000
publishers, who are supposed to be authors,
but it isn't.

84
00:05:34,001 --> 00:05:38,001
Publishers out there on the neck.

85
00:05:39,001 --> 00:05:42,000
It's a part of a trade where
it's making things public.

86
00:05:42,000 --> 00:05:47,001
And that's completely under
threat in the United States.

87
00:05:47,001 --> 00:05:54,000
And I would suggest for me, if you just
look at universities, they don't have the

88
00:05:54,000 --> 00:05:55,001
journal collections anymore.

89
00:05:56,000 --> 00:06:00,001
So as this way about AI came along,
it's not like very many of them could make

90
00:06:00,001 --> 00:06:05,001
content available to their computer
science to do new research based on

91
00:06:05,001 --> 00:06:07,001
because they don't have a copy.

92
00:06:07,001 --> 00:06:13,001
It's all locked up in a database that
is owned and spun by publishers.

93
00:06:14,001 --> 00:06:18,001
So that there isn't an ability to be
independent with these in new and different

94
00:06:18,001 --> 00:06:20,000
ways that are within the law.

95
00:06:21,001 --> 00:06:26,001
So we've got a problem that we don't
have the national collections.

96
00:06:26,001 --> 00:06:29,001
We don't have the university collections.

97
00:06:29,001 --> 00:06:31,000
We don't have the public libraries.

98
00:06:32,000 --> 00:06:33,001
We don't have the personal collections.

99
00:06:33,001 --> 00:06:37,001
I don't mean to be a downer.

100
00:06:37,001 --> 00:06:43,000
I think that we have
funding still as libraries.

101
00:06:44,000 --> 00:06:45,001
So let's use our money.

102
00:06:46,001 --> 00:06:48,000
Let's buy things.

103
00:06:49,001 --> 00:07:00,000
It's coming.

104
00:07:06,000 --> 00:07:07,000
Thank you.

105
00:07:07,001 --> 00:07:11,000
I'm talking to maybe the next
generation of librarian.

106
00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:16,001
I want to ask something that
I notice that happened a lot.

107
00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:23,001
There is a kind of jealousy of the staff in the

108
00:07:23,001 --> 00:07:25,000
library, in the museum.

109
00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:32,000
And most of the time, most of the
staff is hidden also to the librarian.

110
00:07:33,001 --> 00:07:40,000
How can you give the right to publish

111
00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:46,001
stuff and not so classically jealous of it?

112
00:07:48,001 --> 00:07:55,000
[...]
taking a picture of the library to the right to

113
00:07:55,000 --> 00:07:57,000
the copyrights.

114
00:07:57,000 --> 00:08:03,000
And I'm not a lot of trouble in
the library because they relate on

115
00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:04,001
most of the time of money.

116
00:08:04,001 --> 00:08:07,001
There are money to publish stuff,
to digitalize.

117
00:08:08,001 --> 00:08:12,000
And when I notice your project,
I'm very interested in projects.

118
00:08:12,000 --> 00:08:19,000
But most of the time when I'm talking
to the museum library, they try to hide

119
00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:20,001
what they have in the museum.

120
00:08:21,001 --> 00:08:25,000
How can we not do and happen this stuff?

121
00:08:25,001 --> 00:08:29,001
How can a library cannot be jealous
and want to spread the culture?

122
00:08:33,001 --> 00:08:35,000
I'm not sure I quite understand.

123
00:08:35,001 --> 00:08:40,001
The librarians are jealous or the
students are jealous of what they have.

124
00:08:40,001 --> 00:08:46,000
I noticed that a lot of museum
staff and librarians are

125
00:08:46,000 --> 00:08:48,000
jealous of what they have.

126
00:08:48,000 --> 00:08:51,001
Most of the time they don't know
what they have in their own

127
00:08:51,001 --> 00:08:54,000
boat, like paintings, documents.

128
00:08:55,000 --> 00:09:01,001
And maybe after years and years,
a lot of paper came out from out of nowhere.

129
00:09:01,001 --> 00:09:06,000
And they didn't even know that maybe this
journal paper, paintings, was there.

130
00:09:06,000 --> 00:09:12,001
And most of the time I noticed this
kind of jealousy behind publish maybe

131
00:09:12,001 --> 00:09:14,001
what they have in their boat.

132
00:09:15,000 --> 00:09:22,000
I think we've gone through 20 years
of reeducation where libraries were

133
00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:25,001
often prized for how private they were.

134
00:09:26,001 --> 00:09:31,001
But in the internet now it's how
much you can share and how you

135
00:09:31,001 --> 00:09:33,001
can go and make things available.

136
00:09:33,001 --> 00:09:37,001
And you're measured by
how available things are.

137
00:09:39,000 --> 00:09:44,001
So I think we need to prize people that
share and prize organizations that take

138
00:09:44,001 --> 00:09:48,001
the risks of making things available.

139
00:09:50,000 --> 00:09:57,000
I have a dream project to
try to reconstruct the

140
00:09:57,000 --> 00:09:59,001
Library of Hernando Gluomo.

141
00:10:01,001 --> 00:10:06,000
And he tried to collect all the books of
all the peoples of the world in 1520.

142
00:10:07,000 --> 00:10:09,001
It's kind of amazing.
I think some of them may be here.

143
00:10:11,000 --> 00:10:18,000
Can we go and make it so that the catalog
was just discovered in Copenhagen?

144
00:10:19,000 --> 00:10:24,000
And it's being keyed in. Can we go and
have all the libraries come together and

145
00:10:24,000 --> 00:10:28,000
go and say, well, you don't have
the exact copy that we had, but I

146
00:10:28,000 --> 00:10:29,001
have another copy of that book.

147
00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:36,001
Can we do this as a big group project?
That would be the sharing of ethos

148
00:10:36,001 --> 00:10:40,001
that I think actually is
in all of our librarians.

149
00:10:41,001 --> 00:10:47,000
We want to preserve and we want to provide
access. Let's figure out a way to do

150
00:10:47,000 --> 00:10:50,001
both of those things.

151
00:10:51,000 --> 00:10:55,001
Digitization makes the preservation of
the physical materials easier because

152
00:10:55,001 --> 00:10:59,001
people can access these in
new and different ways.

153
00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:04,000
Yes, that's what I noticed also.
The myth is that I'm from the new generation.

154
00:11:04,000 --> 00:11:11,000
[...] myth is that we want to share.
And it's funny because the

155
00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:17,001
Library had to spread culture,
but sometimes try to preserve too much

156
00:11:17,001 --> 00:11:20,001
and try to hide and preserve stuff.

157
00:11:21,001 --> 00:11:27,001
And maybe you, as a new generation,
want to spread culture because I'm not in

158
00:11:27,001 --> 00:11:31,001
Italy,
but I can access to a library in the States.

159
00:11:32,001 --> 00:11:38,000
And if a library wants to do this,
I cannot do that.

160
00:11:38,000 --> 00:11:42,001
It's so important.
And especially now we have a generation

161
00:11:42,001 --> 00:11:44,000
brought up looking at screens.

162
00:11:46,000 --> 00:11:51,001
And what it is they see shifts,
whether it's social media, it goes away,

163
00:11:53,000 --> 00:11:56,000
or television isn't captured often.

164
00:11:56,000 --> 00:12:00,000
But it's so important to go and
make it so that people can go and

165
00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:02,000
capture, re-look at these materials.

166
00:12:02,001 --> 00:12:06,000
So I think we libraries have to think
more broadly than just our books

167
00:12:06,000 --> 00:12:07,001
and just our old books.

168
00:12:08,000 --> 00:12:12,000
We have to think about the new publications
that are coming from everywhere and

169
00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:18,001
moving very forward about archiving,
social media, television, radio,

170
00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:22,000
and making it available to the general public.

171
00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:27,000
Maybe in just snippet forms,
our television collection is only available 30

172
00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:32,000
seconds in a clip, but it is used by
journalists all the time to try to help

173
00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:37,000
figure out the difference
between Fox News and CNN.

174
00:12:38,001 --> 00:12:43,001
So this type of analysis is only possible
in libraries that have collections.

175
00:12:44,000 --> 00:12:49,001
So I suggest our job is expanding
beyond just the tradition

176
00:12:49,001 --> 00:12:51,001
of books and periodicals.

177
00:12:52,001 --> 00:12:57,000
And I think it will feed much better into
the world that the younger generation

178
00:12:57,000 --> 00:13:03,001
is living and being mystified by and
being fooled and coerced by very key

179
00:13:03,001 --> 00:13:08,001
participants in the world wide
web that are spreading lies.

180
00:13:09,001 --> 00:13:16,000
And we need to arm our children with the
best tools we know to go and give them

181
00:13:16,000 --> 00:13:20,000
access to things that they
can start to figure out what

182
00:13:20,000 --> 00:13:21,001
is true and what is not true.

183
00:13:22,000 --> 00:13:27,000
And I want to see libraries really spring
into action in a time when we have an

184
00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:29,001
authoritarian way of going
through the whole world.

185
00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:37,000
And it's often precipitated by
false information not being

186
00:13:37,000 --> 00:13:41,000
countered by the good information
that's in our libraries.

187
00:13:44,001 --> 00:13:46,000
Do we have other questions?

188
00:13:47,001 --> 00:13:48,000
One in the back.

189
00:13:52,000 --> 00:13:53,000
[...]

190
00:14:01,000 --> 00:14:08,000
Thank you. Thank you. My question is,
you've linked the library and the

191
00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:12,000
librarian plays a very important
role in the digital preservation.

192
00:14:14,000 --> 00:14:15,001
Is it libraries for librarians?

193
00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:22,000
Library and librarian play a very
important role in preservation and

194
00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:23,001
digital preservation, right?

195
00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:25,001
Absolutely essential.

196
00:14:25,001 --> 00:14:32,000
Yes. So my question is,
do you think the library and the librarian has

197
00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:33,001
played a...