WEBVTT Kind: captions; Language: en 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:01.001 Do we have time for questions? 00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:03.001 I think so. 00:00:05.000 --> 00:00:08.000 If I wasn't provocative, I didn't do my job. 00:00:13.000 --> 00:00:16.000 So I will start and give people some time to think. 00:00:19.000 --> 00:00:24.001 So one of the functions you mentioned that we need to retain and preserve from 00:00:24.001 --> 00:00:27.000 libraries is landing in the digital environment. 00:00:28.000 --> 00:00:34.000 Because antiquated most current libraries have an exemption and 00:00:34.000 --> 00:00:36.000 they can land physical problems. 00:00:37.000 --> 00:00:42.000 Should we start with changing the law or inventing different 00:00:42.000 --> 00:00:43.001 mechanisms for landing? 00:00:46.001 --> 00:00:49.000 Laws usually come after the fact. 00:00:50.000 --> 00:00:54.001 When I've seen laws try to be done proactively, they usually get it wrong. 00:00:55.000 --> 00:00:58.000 So then how do you do things after the fact? 00:00:58.000 --> 00:01:02.000 It means that we start to do the things that we think are important to 00:01:02.000 --> 00:01:04.000 do as our jobs. 00:01:05.001 --> 00:01:09.000 That we are librarians and I don't see any law that goes and says we don't 00:01:09.000 --> 00:01:11.000 want libraries anymore. 00:01:11.001 --> 00:01:12.001 And what libraries do? 00:01:13.000 --> 00:01:18.001 Collect, preserve, provide access, and interoperate. 00:01:18.001 --> 00:01:23.001 And if there are threats to those basic four, then it probably 00:01:23.001 --> 00:01:25.000 gets put before the legislatures. 00:01:26.000 --> 00:01:31.001 So I think that we actually have to lead, which 00:01:31.001 --> 00:01:33.001 isn't easy for our profession. 00:01:34.000 --> 00:01:35.001 We're a service-oriented profession. 00:01:36.001 --> 00:01:38.000 But we have to lead. 00:01:39.000 --> 00:01:44.001 And it's not going to be just an American that does all of this. 00:01:44.001 --> 00:01:47.000 It has to be all of us. 00:01:48.001 --> 00:01:54.000 [...] have to proceed and be the best libraries you know how to be. 00:01:56.001 --> 00:01:58.000 Okay, Ana Maria. 00:02:09.000 --> 00:02:14.000 Thank you, Mr. Layser. 00:02:14.000 --> 00:02:19.000 And the question is, you spoke about the digital library 00:02:19.000 --> 00:02:21.000 rights, the four rights. 00:02:22.000 --> 00:02:26.000 But these are for me the traditional library functionalities. 00:02:26.001 --> 00:02:29.000 Why the digital library should be the right? 00:02:29.001 --> 00:02:34.000 And so, hello, for continuing the functionalities of the library. 00:02:36.001 --> 00:02:38.001 A right of functionalities. 00:02:39.000 --> 00:02:44.001 Why do we need the hello for the Virginia to do the right? 00:02:44.001 --> 00:02:49.000 Right now, at least in the United States, the publishers say that we have no 00:02:49.000 --> 00:02:53.000 right to do what libraries do in the digital world. 00:02:54.000 --> 00:02:55.001 We do not have the right to collect. 00:02:56.001 --> 00:02:58.001 They won't sell us books. 00:02:59.000 --> 00:03:00.000 They will not. 00:03:01.001 --> 00:03:04.000 Again, I've picked on our colleague here. 00:03:04.000 --> 00:03:11.000 But to just make it clear that what they're offering our licenses that they 00:03:11.000 --> 00:03:13.000 can change and pull away at any time. 00:03:14.000 --> 00:03:19.000 And this idea of having every book every so often just disappear 00:03:19.000 --> 00:03:21.000 off the shelves here at the Vatican. 00:03:22.000 --> 00:03:25.000 And should cause a shimmer to run down your spine. 00:03:25.000 --> 00:03:28.000 That's exactly what's happening right now in the digital 00:03:28.000 --> 00:03:30.001 bundles that are going on. 00:03:30.001 --> 00:03:32.001 The things are being changed and deleted. 00:03:32.001 --> 00:03:37.001 So, it's, yeah, it seems obvious to me. 00:03:38.000 --> 00:03:40.000 It's how you've just generally proceeded. 00:03:41.000 --> 00:03:44.000 A library support a long tail of authors. 00:03:45.001 --> 00:03:48.000 But it won't happen for very long. 00:03:48.001 --> 00:03:54.000 If we basically take if they take our rights away and make our institutions so 00:03:54.000 --> 00:03:56.001 useless that our funding will go down. 00:03:56.001 --> 00:04:01.001 And then it will be a Netflix of books that is just the best 00:04:01.001 --> 00:04:03.001 sellers available to end users. 00:04:04.000 --> 00:04:05.000 It will just be Spotify. 00:04:06.000 --> 00:04:12.000 And that's the only access there will be to books or journals or music. 00:04:12.001 --> 00:04:17.000 And this is not a future that libraries are here to support. 00:04:17.000 --> 00:04:24.000 Libraries are here for the long tail for the researchers for the obscure the 00:04:24.000 --> 00:04:26.000 disadvantaged. 00:04:26.001 --> 00:04:28.000 That's what we're here for. 00:04:29.000 --> 00:04:30.001 Let's do our jobs. 00:04:31.000 --> 00:04:32.001 Thank you. 00:04:32.001 --> 00:04:37.001 So, I'm not only limited to legal deposit or copyright or licenses. 00:04:38.000 --> 00:04:43.001 It's very much more comprehensive for the survivor, the continuing 00:04:43.001 --> 00:04:45.001 internationalities or the libraries. 00:04:46.001 --> 00:04:48.001 Legal deposit is a good idea. 00:04:49.000 --> 00:04:51.000 In the United States it's under threat. 00:04:52.001 --> 00:04:56.000 I can tell you tales about what's going on with the Copyright Office. 00:04:56.000 --> 00:05:01.001 About how the publishing industry people, the people that are suing us, are 00:05:01.001 --> 00:05:05.001 trying to make it so that they don't even have to deposit materials 00:05:05.001 --> 00:05:07.000 into the Library of Congress. 00:05:08.000 --> 00:05:13.000 Or if they do it has to be so circumscribed as to sort of an access in a room 00:05:13.000 --> 00:05:15.000 that you're not allowed to bring your cell phone into. 00:05:16.000 --> 00:05:17.000 It's fine stuff. 00:05:17.001 --> 00:05:20.001 It's just these are publications. 00:05:20.001 --> 00:05:24.001 Publications have public in the name of it. 00:05:24.001 --> 00:05:28.000 And copyright is a trade off where the government goes and defends people, 00:05:30.000 --> 00:05:34.000 publishers, who are supposed to be authors, but it isn't. 00:05:34.001 --> 00:05:38.001 Publishers out there on the neck. 00:05:39.001 --> 00:05:42.000 It's a part of a trade where it's making things public. 00:05:42.000 --> 00:05:47.001 And that's completely under threat in the United States. 00:05:47.001 --> 00:05:54.000 And I would suggest for me, if you just look at universities, they don't have the 00:05:54.000 --> 00:05:55.001 journal collections anymore. 00:05:56.000 --> 00:06:00.001 So as this way about AI came along, it's not like very many of them could make 00:06:00.001 --> 00:06:05.001 content available to their computer science to do new research based on 00:06:05.001 --> 00:06:07.001 because they don't have a copy. 00:06:07.001 --> 00:06:13.001 It's all locked up in a database that is owned and spun by publishers. 00:06:14.001 --> 00:06:18.001 So that there isn't an ability to be independent with these in new and different 00:06:18.001 --> 00:06:20.000 ways that are within the law. 00:06:21.001 --> 00:06:26.001 So we've got a problem that we don't have the national collections. 00:06:26.001 --> 00:06:29.001 We don't have the university collections. 00:06:29.001 --> 00:06:31.000 We don't have the public libraries. 00:06:32.000 --> 00:06:33.001 We don't have the personal collections. 00:06:33.001 --> 00:06:37.001 I don't mean to be a downer. 00:06:37.001 --> 00:06:43.000 I think that we have funding still as libraries. 00:06:44.000 --> 00:06:45.001 So let's use our money. 00:06:46.001 --> 00:06:48.000 Let's buy things. 00:06:49.001 --> 00:07:00.000 It's coming. 00:07:06.000 --> 00:07:07.000 Thank you. 00:07:07.001 --> 00:07:11.000 I'm talking to maybe the next generation of librarian. 00:07:12.000 --> 00:07:16.001 I want to ask something that I notice that happened a lot. 00:07:17.000 --> 00:07:23.001 There is a kind of jealousy of the staff in the 00:07:23.001 --> 00:07:25.000 library, in the museum. 00:07:26.000 --> 00:07:32.000 And most of the time, most of the staff is hidden also to the librarian. 00:07:33.001 --> 00:07:40.000 How can you give the right to publish 00:07:40.000 --> 00:07:46.001 stuff and not so classically jealous of it? 00:07:48.001 --> 00:07:55.000 [...] taking a picture of the library to the right to 00:07:55.000 --> 00:07:57.000 the copyrights. 00:07:57.000 --> 00:08:03.000 And I'm not a lot of trouble in the library because they relate on 00:08:03.000 --> 00:08:04.001 most of the time of money. 00:08:04.001 --> 00:08:07.001 There are money to publish stuff, to digitalize. 00:08:08.001 --> 00:08:12.000 And when I notice your project, I'm very interested in projects. 00:08:12.000 --> 00:08:19.000 But most of the time when I'm talking to the museum library, they try to hide 00:08:19.000 --> 00:08:20.001 what they have in the museum. 00:08:21.001 --> 00:08:25.000 How can we not do and happen this stuff? 00:08:25.001 --> 00:08:29.001 How can a library cannot be jealous and want to spread the culture? 00:08:33.001 --> 00:08:35.000 I'm not sure I quite understand. 00:08:35.001 --> 00:08:40.001 The librarians are jealous or the students are jealous of what they have. 00:08:40.001 --> 00:08:46.000 I noticed that a lot of museum staff and librarians are 00:08:46.000 --> 00:08:48.000 jealous of what they have. 00:08:48.000 --> 00:08:51.001 Most of the time they don't know what they have in their own 00:08:51.001 --> 00:08:54.000 boat, like paintings, documents. 00:08:55.000 --> 00:09:01.001 And maybe after years and years, a lot of paper came out from out of nowhere. 00:09:01.001 --> 00:09:06.000 And they didn't even know that maybe this journal paper, paintings, was there. 00:09:06.000 --> 00:09:12.001 And most of the time I noticed this kind of jealousy behind publish maybe 00:09:12.001 --> 00:09:14.001 what they have in their boat. 00:09:15.000 --> 00:09:22.000 I think we've gone through 20 years of reeducation where libraries were 00:09:22.000 --> 00:09:25.001 often prized for how private they were. 00:09:26.001 --> 00:09:31.001 But in the internet now it's how much you can share and how you 00:09:31.001 --> 00:09:33.001 can go and make things available. 00:09:33.001 --> 00:09:37.001 And you're measured by how available things are. 00:09:39.000 --> 00:09:44.001 So I think we need to prize people that share and prize organizations that take 00:09:44.001 --> 00:09:48.001 the risks of making things available. 00:09:50.000 --> 00:09:57.000 I have a dream project to try to reconstruct the 00:09:57.000 --> 00:09:59.001 Library of Hernando Gluomo. 00:10:01.001 --> 00:10:06.000 And he tried to collect all the books of all the peoples of the world in 1520. 00:10:07.000 --> 00:10:09.001 It's kind of amazing. I think some of them may be here. 00:10:11.000 --> 00:10:18.000 Can we go and make it so that the catalog was just discovered in Copenhagen? 00:10:19.000 --> 00:10:24.000 And it's being keyed in. Can we go and have all the libraries come together and 00:10:24.000 --> 00:10:28.000 go and say, well, you don't have the exact copy that we had, but I 00:10:28.000 --> 00:10:29.001 have another copy of that book. 00:10:30.000 --> 00:10:36.001 Can we do this as a big group project? That would be the sharing of ethos 00:10:36.001 --> 00:10:40.001 that I think actually is in all of our librarians. 00:10:41.001 --> 00:10:47.000 We want to preserve and we want to provide access. Let's figure out a way to do 00:10:47.000 --> 00:10:50.001 both of those things. 00:10:51.000 --> 00:10:55.001 Digitization makes the preservation of the physical materials easier because 00:10:55.001 --> 00:10:59.001 people can access these in new and different ways. 00:11:00.000 --> 00:11:04.000 Yes, that's what I noticed also. The myth is that I'm from the new generation. 00:11:04.000 --> 00:11:11.000 [...] myth is that we want to share. And it's funny because the 00:11:11.000 --> 00:11:17.001 Library had to spread culture, but sometimes try to preserve too much 00:11:17.001 --> 00:11:20.001 and try to hide and preserve stuff. 00:11:21.001 --> 00:11:27.001 And maybe you, as a new generation, want to spread culture because I'm not in 00:11:27.001 --> 00:11:31.001 Italy, but I can access to a library in the States. 00:11:32.001 --> 00:11:38.000 And if a library wants to do this, I cannot do that. 00:11:38.000 --> 00:11:42.001 It's so important. And especially now we have a generation 00:11:42.001 --> 00:11:44.000 brought up looking at screens. 00:11:46.000 --> 00:11:51.001 And what it is they see shifts, whether it's social media, it goes away, 00:11:53.000 --> 00:11:56.000 or television isn't captured often. 00:11:56.000 --> 00:12:00.000 But it's so important to go and make it so that people can go and 00:12:00.000 --> 00:12:02.000 capture, re-look at these materials. 00:12:02.001 --> 00:12:06.000 So I think we libraries have to think more broadly than just our books 00:12:06.000 --> 00:12:07.001 and just our old books. 00:12:08.000 --> 00:12:12.000 We have to think about the new publications that are coming from everywhere and 00:12:12.000 --> 00:12:18.001 moving very forward about archiving, social media, television, radio, 00:12:19.000 --> 00:12:22.000 and making it available to the general public. 00:12:22.000 --> 00:12:27.000 Maybe in just snippet forms, our television collection is only available 30 00:12:27.000 --> 00:12:32.000 seconds in a clip, but it is used by journalists all the time to try to help 00:12:32.000 --> 00:12:37.000 figure out the difference between Fox News and CNN. 00:12:38.001 --> 00:12:43.001 So this type of analysis is only possible in libraries that have collections. 00:12:44.000 --> 00:12:49.001 So I suggest our job is expanding beyond just the tradition 00:12:49.001 --> 00:12:51.001 of books and periodicals. 00:12:52.001 --> 00:12:57.000 And I think it will feed much better into the world that the younger generation 00:12:57.000 --> 00:13:03.001 is living and being mystified by and being fooled and coerced by very key 00:13:03.001 --> 00:13:08.001 participants in the world wide web that are spreading lies. 00:13:09.001 --> 00:13:16.000 And we need to arm our children with the best tools we know to go and give them 00:13:16.000 --> 00:13:20.000 access to things that they can start to figure out what 00:13:20.000 --> 00:13:21.001 is true and what is not true. 00:13:22.000 --> 00:13:27.000 And I want to see libraries really spring into action in a time when we have an 00:13:27.000 --> 00:13:29.001 authoritarian way of going through the whole world. 00:13:30.000 --> 00:13:37.000 And it's often precipitated by false information not being 00:13:37.000 --> 00:13:41.000 countered by the good information that's in our libraries. 00:13:44.001 --> 00:13:46.000 Do we have other questions? 00:13:47.001 --> 00:13:48.000 One in the back. 00:13:52.000 --> 00:13:53.000 [...] 00:14:01.000 --> 00:14:08.000 Thank you. Thank you. My question is, you've linked the library and the 00:14:08.000 --> 00:14:12.000 librarian plays a very important role in the digital preservation. 00:14:14.000 --> 00:14:15.001 Is it libraries for librarians? 00:14:16.000 --> 00:14:22.000 Library and librarian play a very important role in preservation and 00:14:22.000 --> 00:14:23.001 digital preservation, right? 00:14:24.000 --> 00:14:25.001 Absolutely essential. 00:14:25.001 --> 00:14:32.000 Yes. So my question is, do you think the library and the librarian has 00:14:32.000 --> 00:14:33.001 played a...