emilio aguinaldo was one of the two organizing.tagalog guys who resisted first against the spanish. so, like in cuba, filipinos were fighting a war against spain. and then when the united states intervenes, the us actually did not know sort of what to do. they had a number of soldiers, the nebraskan voluntary infantry in manila after the battle of manila bay. and these soldiers had a very simmering kind of tension with the soldiers led by aldo. and that is when the philippine-american war starts in february of 1899. so the war of 1898 kind of puts the us in the philippines and then they engage with a war against the philippines that was led by again, aldo and aguinaldo. again was advised by this man, agoncillo so when the filipino american war is ongoing, it's interesting because the war of 1888 concludes and the philippines were purchased by the u.s. from spain for $20 million, according to the treaty of paris, which was ratified in 1899. agoncillo. went first to washington, d.c., december four to try to represent the philippines