this is a fair revenge for what happens to communities in the shenandoah valley. but what's interesting about bennett is, in some weird way, he believed that the destruction confederates soldiers engaged in was more humane and civil. and he wrote in part that burning, per se is wrong. no man can deny, but there may be circumstance under which it is not only justifiable but becomes duty instead of snatching from the hands of the ladies what they had saved from burning houses and throwing it back into flames. our men could be seen all over the city, checking the fire or carrying trunks, etc. for the ladies. how beautiful. it's one of those kind of moments. now, regardless of how soldiers justified taking war to civilian populations, there were some soldiers who never thought that it was acceptable in any form. they maintained throughout the conflict that it was wrong. they maintained that was unjust. and if you read diaries and letters of these soldiers throughout the course of the conflict, you see a lot of examples of how this type of aggressive activity really ap

this is a fair revenge for what happens to communities in the shenandoah valley. but what's interesting about bennett is, in some weird way, he believed that the destruction confederates soldiers engaged in was more humane and civil. and he wrote in part that burning, per se is wrong. no man can deny, but there may be circumstance under which it is not only justifiable but becomes duty instead of snatching from the hands of the ladies what they had saved from burning houses and throwing it back into flames. our men could be seen all over the city, checking the fire or carrying trunks, etc. for the ladies. how beautiful. it's one of those kind of moments. now, regardless of how soldiers justified taking war to civilian populations, there were some soldiers who never thought that it was acceptable in any form. they maintained throughout the conflict that it was wrong. they maintained that was unjust. and if you read diaries and letters of these soldiers throughout the course of the conflict, you see a lot of examples of how this type of aggressive activity really ap

valley. the path from there to washington, d.c. was wide open. the city was poorly defended with union soldiers. they were away attacking richmond at the time. washington seriously menaced, was incapable of self-defense. that much was clear he wrote years later. staring at that map, wallace understood that the threat was very real and his responsibility was crystal clear. without orders, without orders, he departed for menoxie junction where the roads and railroad leading to washington and baltimore crossed a tributary of the potomac. upon arrival he stood on a bluff looking down at the river and green pastures and golden wheat fields it beyond it. he could see the stee pells of frederick, maryland, not far off and the patokin mountains. the peaceful summer was interrupted with the echo of distant gunfire. and soon it was clear, general robert e. lee sent general jubal early north to take washington. he had crossed the potomac and was on his way east towards menoxie junction perhaps to washin

valley. he travels when he's minister to france. his one tours abroad. he lives in a very grand place in paris, dresses up in the fancy aristocratic dress. he does go on a trip down the rhine and climb is what was then the longest, the highest structure in the world, which is the tower of the strasbourg cathedral. but he's kind of a first elite. he's a first well, he's an elite. he's he's a person. he's he's a scholar and a student of natural history, a student of political history. he's an esteemed. he doesn't like williamsburg architecture. he wants what's a lady in architecture by italy. but when he goes to the north of italy, he he steals some silk plants. he trying to plant silk or silkworms and mulberry trees in virginia. but he doesn't go and actually see palladio villas. he skedaddled back to paris. and and so forth. he likes an environment where he is the center of attention and people adore him. and he gets this at william and mary with the law professor george with the governor of

i'm going to look specifically at one town in the shenandoah valley during the course of really just a week of the civil war. and that's, of course, the town of shepherdstown was in september 1862. shepherdstown, virginia but of course, now today it is part of shepherdstown or it is part of west virginia itself, which, of course, i had the great pleasure of living in that town and still refer to it as home many times. so while we're before we get into september of 1862, specifically with shepherdstown role in, the maryland campaign just want to provide some. and while thinking about this and what makes anybody care about the history of one small town along the potomac river during just a week of its long storied history, not only in the course of the civil war, but throughout all of american history. and thinking about it, i think part of the reason that this is such an important story to be told is that shepherdstown, then the residents there today and back then had a very great awareness, the history and the story of their town. and i think that lent so much of the material that i

it is in the atmosphere of the postwar shenandoah valley, which of course, had been devastated by the war. so in virginia and elsewhere, an addiction epidemic was born among civil war veterans. i was caught guard as i was tracing the trajectory of this epidemic by how long this addiction crisis actually lasted. it was not limited to the immediate aftermath of battle or even to the 1870s. it was, in fact a really long term health consequence. the civil war, for example, one confederate veteran, appears in louisiana at of the early drug rehab clinics that are ultimately opened up by the federal government in the early 1920s. and he told doctors there that he had been addicted to morphine and had been taking daily since the civil war more five decades before. and of course, the majority of the man's life. another veteran who i write about in my book, a guy named perry bowser, became addicted to opium at a vicksburg hospital in 1864, where he had been checked in for a diarrheal disease. fast forward to 1915 and he died in a soldiers hospital operated by the national home for disabled volu

valley. path from there to washington, d.c. was wide open. the city was poorly defended with union soldiers. they were away attacking richmond at the time. washington seriously menaced, was incapable of self-defense. that much was clear he wrote years later. staring at that map, wallace understood that the threat was very real and his responsibility was crystal clear. without orders, without orders, he departed for menoxie junction where the roads and railroad leading to washington and baltimore crossed a tributary of the potomac. upon arrival he stood on a bluff looking down at the river and green pastures and golden wheat fields it beyond it. he could see the stee pells of frederick, maryland, not far off and the patokin mountains. the peaceful summer was interrupted with the echo of distant gunfire. and soon it was clear, general robert e. lee sent general jubal early north to take washington. he had crossed the potomac and was on his way east towards menoxie junction perhaps to washington

it looks like the shenandoah valley. >> i'm not an expert.w infrastructure if that's the key. >> virginia was not in the top five if it's not number one. that's weird. isn't it? and they got, you know -- if you like infrastructure and you're next to d.c., i mean, it's just -- you know, the trucks with the cash don't have to drive as far, do they, scott? >> well, that's an interesting theory, joe. that's an interesting theory. we'll see. the wait will be over soon. >> listen -- >> where is robert smith from? lead singer of the cue? he's from england. it's not england, is it? >> no. >> marshmallows. what the hell were those marshmallows. what was that? i never know what's going on with you, cohn. yesterday he was grilling marshmallows. >> it's mutual, joe. i never know what's going on with you either. >> i'm pretty obvious. >> reporter: fair point. >> yeah, beings exactly. all right. thanks, scott. when is this? 8 something? >> yeah. next hour. >> 8:10. the. >> right. thanks, scott. the pressure mounting on president biden and the impact it cou