hello, i'm ros atkins, this is outside source. there are calls for an immediate ceasefire in the ukraine ceasefire, both from the government in kyiv and from a rare emergency session of the un general assembly. the fighting in ukraine must stop. it is raging across the country from air, land and sea. it must stop now. after a first day of talks between russia and ukraine on the border with belarus, no breakthrough but the two sides agree to keep talking. dozens are reported killed as the city of kharkiv is bombed. ukraine's president makes a direct appeal to the russian soldiers who've invaded his country:

drop your weapons and get out of here. do not believe your commanders. do not believe your propaganda is. just save your lives and go. switzerland — where russian oligarchs hold billions of dollars — joins the eu in imposing sanctions. president putin remains defiant: the so—called western community, as i called it in my speech, an empire of lives is now trying to act against our country. we have a number of updates on russia's invasion of ukraine. any live press conferences or speeches, we will bring those to you

as well. a special emergency session of the united nations general assembly has taken place in new york to discuss the war — we'll bring you all the latest from there. russian and ukrainian delegates have also been holding talks to try and find an end to the war. but first, let's get the latest from the ground — conflict itself has intensified. this footage shows russian artillery striking a shopping centre in ukraine's northeastern city of kharkiv on monday morning. while its source is unknown, the bbc has verified its accuracy. ukraine says at least 11 people were killed in rocket strikes. this is from the northern city of chernihiv, showing a shopping centre destroyed by russian missiles. ukrainian emergency services said russian artillery began firing on the city at 2am on monday, and hit a kindergarten, an apartment block and a market.

the lifting of a curfew in kyiv has allowed people to come up from their underground shelters for the first time in days. but basic supplies are still restricted. here are some residents in kyiv. translation: my child is - three-years-old and she's far away. me and my husband are unable to pick her up because we are under fire. translation: it was awful in the shelter because of. the conditions, no toilets, no water, nothing. let's take a look at where russian forces are in ukraine. the areas in yellow here, show the parts of ukraine now under russian control, with heavy fighting highlighted in several key cities, including chernihiv and in kharkiv to the north, the donbas region to the east and mariupol and berdansk in the south. these are satellite images of military vehicles heading towards kyiv. they appear to show a large deployment of russian forces and tanks near the town of ivankiv, about 80 kilometres north—west of kyiv.

the convoy is thought to be at least 5 kilometres long. in the capital, kyiv, the ukrainian military says it's prepared for another difficult night ahead. for more on the latest situation on the ground here's the bbc�*s clive myrie in kyiv. it's getting more fearful. there is more of a sense of dread here because we know that the fighting is getting closer and closer. our position here, we felt the vibrations of one missile attack, it was the strongest sense of shock to the building that we are here in that i have had in the last five days of covering this conflict. the noise of that explosion was really quite intense as well. so there is a real sense that the fighting that's been going on on the outer edges of the northern suburbs in particular of the last three orfour days, that's getting closer to the centre of the capital.

this comes on the very day that two and half, two and three quarter million people here in this city were able to venture out after a weekend of being underground in their cellars, in their shelters, because of a curfew. and what do they find when they come out? the shelling is coming closer, the supermarkets are running out of food. there are queues to get basic necessities and so on. a continuing sense of dread and a continuing sense of disbelief that perhaps things could even get worse as the fighting gets closer to here because no one knows what's in the mind of vladimir putin. is he going to encircle the city even more, try to cut off all access points, deal with the communications, bring them down and then make some kind of demand

of the ukrainian government? or is he going to launch an all—out attack to try and take the heart of the capital here? that's the fear, that's the worry. it doesn't feel at the moment, despite those peace talks taking place on the border of belarus, it doesn't feel as if there's any real cause for a sense of optimism. clive, those people who have been able to venture out today for the first time in several days, do they have an option to leave, or is it already too dangerous for civilians to get out of the city if they choose? that's a good question. we have people saying if they stick it out, perhaps there will be some kind of peaceful resolution, there were people that we spoke to when i arrived here in the middle of last week saying they were going to stay in their flat, they are convinced that negotiations can take place for this to be resolved peacefully, but we were talking to them in a line of traffic that was backed up into the petrol station and beyond the petrol station

there were about a 3 or likm long tail back of traffic heading west to the border. now, you could argue that those people who were in their cars making thatjourney five days ago perhaps did the sensible thing. they got out in time. it's going to be much more difficult now for people to leave, but we are still seeing flows of people, some to other parts of the western edge of the country, others the right to the border with poland, moldova and hungary and so on to try to get out. it's a mixed picture, but everyone agrees that things here are probably going to get worse before they get better. you are describing that the building you are standing on top of vibrated with one missile strike today, clearly the russians are targeting places in the centre of the city, but is there fighting in the centre of the city as well

with people on the ground? no, let's be clear, there is no fighting in the centre of the city. what we are getting are skirmishes and clashes on the edge, particularly to the northern edge of the city. i suspect we are getting is behind that, artillery and mortar missile fire into those areas in the suburbs where you have got ukrainian resistance. so, the main fighting, is still a good 20, 25 kilometres away from here, but those missile barrages are getting closer and closer to the centre, and that is the fear, and at some point, perhaps, if you ukrainian resistance on the edge of the capital, if that is dissipated, then, of course, you will get more of a russian advance. we've been hearing a lot about the fact that ukrainians are targeting the supply lines of the russians. so, you see pictures on social media of tank columns running out of petrol and russian soldiers not

having enough food and supplies because ukrainians have been clever, they have been attacking their supply lines, and as a result, the russians are finding it difficult to make progress, but 60% of the forces that have encircled ukraine, that is the number that is being used to wage the war at the moment. so, that's another 40% that's in reserve, and they are likely to be the more battle hardened troops that are being held in reserve. what happens when theyjoin the battle? they get to the front lines? that's the big question. clive, stay with me, because there is one more thing i'd like to ask you about. as you will know, president putin has spoken to emmanuel macron and has said a resolution to this conflict would be possible only if russia's legitimate security interests are unconditionally taken into account, including the recognition of russian sovereignty over crimea, as well as the demilitarisation and denazification of the ukrainian state, and assuring ukraine's mutual status.

also, delegates of ukraine and russia have been holding talks in belarus. clive, based on everything that the west and ukraine have said, presumably there is no possibility whatsoever of vladimir putin's demands being met? no. none whatsoever. and you got to wonder what the point is of the two sides actually getting together, and i suspect it is stage management. it's about being able to be seen to be trying to do something. president zelensky has, you know, his country has been bombarded here, so he has to be able to show to his people that he is trying to find a peaceful track out of this. vladimir putin is getting all kinds of sanctions being thrown at his country and him personally, and his entourage. the russian rouble has crashed a0%. inflation has risen over 20%, there are going to be economic consequences.

both sides have to at least show their own people that they are willing to talk, but they are miles away from any kind of agreement. vladimir putin wants to take over this country. volodymyr zelensky wants him out. where is the common ground? i don't see it, and i'm pretty sure most observers don't see it, either, but there is a sliver of hope, because both sides have agreed to at least talk again. those talks broke up today on the belarusian border, they broke up, but they will resume again at some point down the line. that is something that we can all cling on to. before i let you go, clive, i'm sure you will have been having conversations every day with people who city it is. i wonder what they are making of the situation they find themselves in. can they believe that a city that was peaceful just a few days ago is now in the middle of this? no. they can't believe that at all. right up to the eve of the invasion, which is actually the day that i arrived in the city,

you know, there was still the hope, because there was so much diplomatic activity in the weeks before, there was still the hope that this was not going to happen, and we now understand that the russians, or at least vladimir putin, had always decided that he was going to invade, and that in fact that diplomatic track was a complete sham, but it convinced so many people that perhaps this could be peacefully resolved. i mean, that is the fact of the situation. as a result, all this debt is going on now is a complete shock to everybody — except vladimir putin. many thanks to clive for speaking to us from kyiv. let's cross to new york. the statements of continuing.

civilian children, women and men have been injured and killed. homes have been injured and killed. homes have been injured and killed. homes have been damaged and sometimes destroyed. as of yesterday, the office of the united commissionerfor human rights reported at least 406 civilian casualties, including at least 102 deadin casualties, including at least 102 dead in these few days. the real figure could be considerably higher, as many reported casualties have yet to be confirmed. we know and we will hear much more, that at least 260,000 people have been internally displaced across ukraine fleeing to safety. we know that figure is likely to be much higher, potentially a significant proportion of the entire population, and of

course we believe more than half a million refugees have been forced to choose to flee their country in search of safety. so, families are separated, the elderly and people with disabilities find themselves trapped and unable to flee, not even able to get that small comfort. the picture is grim and could get worse still. aerial attacks and fighting in urban areas are damaging critical civilian facilities and disrupting central services such as health, electricity, water and sanitation, which effectively leave civilians without the basics for day—to—day life. bridges and roads have been destroyed, cutting off people's access to critical supplies and services. the use of explosive weapons in urban areas carries a high risk of indiscriminate impact.

this is a particular concern in places like kyiv and kharkiv. civilians will undoubtedly suffer the most in densely populated urban centres, it follows. all parties must respect international humanitarian law, take caution to spare civilians. a party should also not use wide area explosives in populated areas. children will miss school and face a greater risk of physical harm, displacement and unimaginably severe emotional stress. women so often disproportionately affected by conflict, as we have so often

discussed in this chamber, will be deemed a greater risk of gender—based violence. women and children may be exposed to other forms of exploitation. the economy of ukraine could implode, which will further exacerbate humanitarian needs and create a ripple effect. that travels far beyond ukraine's borders. already we are peoples in recent days are making were so pre—existing humanitarian crisis, a gruelling years of conflict in eastern ukraine had already left 3 million people in need of humanitarian assistance on both sides of the contact line in the donbas region, and because of that same humanitarian needs a much greater now, including the large—scale displacement which have already referred, across and beyond the entire country, not only in one region thereof. humanitarian workers

are doing their best to respond. the un has expanded its humanitarian presence in ukraine. we shall continue to do so by working to ensure we can scale up operations as quickly as possible, and we have been preparing for this for some time. i must say that for the last three days, however, our movements, the movements of our dear colleagues in ukraine, have been seriously constrained as a result of ongoing fighting, and our inability to receive assurances from party to the conflict that humanitarian movements will be protected, and only this evening i was fortunate to receive the beginning of summer assurances to that effect. we must hope that comes into reality. in the meantime, local organisations and institutions are doing, as usual, the truly

remarkablejob that are doing, as usual, the truly remarkable job that they do in all such situations, responding to needs. local ngos and the ukrainian red cross are working tirelessly to support civilians and evacuation operations. health workers working day and night to care for the injured, paid organisations providing social support to traumatise children, delivering first aid kits, and we are all here this evening, this afternoon, to support their efforts. today, our most pressing humanitarian needs are for emergency medical services, including sexual and reproductive services, critical medicine, health supplies, safe water for drinking and hygiene, shelter and protection for the displaced. in all 119

organisations, partners, humanitarian organisations are operating in the area, they are stilted in these particular days. we know we urgently need progress on two fronts if you want to reach more people with aid that they need, that they deserve. first we need assurances from parties to the conflict that humanitarian workers will be protected even during the most severe days of the conflict, and not waiting for the conflict to subside. even now, even today, even yesterday, we need to provide those protections to those workers to do the job that they wanted to do. under international humanitarian law, all parties must allow and facilitate rapid and unimpeded passage of impartial humanitarian relief for civilians in need, and

must ensure freedom of movement of humanitarians, a point we have been making in many different ways in these past four days. secondly... this is martin _ these past four days. secondly... this is martin griffiths, _ these past four days. secondly... this is martin griffiths, he - these past four days. secondly... this is martin griffiths, he is - these past four days. secondly... | this is martin griffiths, he is from the office of coordination of affairs in the un, and he has some details, are afraid none of them are good on the situation in ukraine. he says the picture is grim and could get worse it's this conflict leave civilians already in some cases that the basics for day—to—day life, he highlighted for example the many roads and bridges that are being damaged, and that prevents services being provided in ways that they would normally expect. he talked about the high risk of indiscriminate impact of weaponry being used in civilian or urban areas, particularly highlighting the aerial attacks on kyiv and car caves and other cities, as well. he also warns there could be humanitarian

consequences boasting ukraine and possibly neighbouring countries too. he also emphasised, this is perhaps not come through as much with people commenting on this, but he emphasised that there was a pre—existing, new his his phrase, your monetary crisis because of the separatist regions in the east of ukraine, and since 2014 there has been a conflict that has revolved around that, we talked earlier about the minsk agreement bring that fighting to the end, but neither the ukrainians or the russians have completely stuck to those agreements, so the humanitarian crisis has gone on, already he says 3 million people needed aid during the course of the conflict, no more serious conflict has been visited upon ukraine. we will listen across the briefing, but will take this on what he said. that statement is coming on the same day that there is a special emergency session of the

un general assembly entirely focused on ukraine. the assembly president began by leading the members in a minute's silence, then the you might un secretary general opened the session. although russian strikes are largely targeting the ukrainian military facilities we have credible accounts of residential buildings and critical civilian infrastructure and other nonmilitary targets sustaining heavy damage. these escalating violence which is resulting in civilian deaths including children is totally unacceptable. we would expect strong words from them and from the americans. where is this all leading in terms of the gathering of the general assembly? well, we're going to be having statements from more than 100 nations, mainly so far we have heard

from the united states's allies, but we also will be hearing from other countries that more sympathetic to russia, cuba, venezuela, china. we will also be speaking on the next few days to this special emergency session, and it will lead up to a diplomats open wednesday, and omin say that would be when all 193 members will have the chance to vote on a draft resolution which condemns russia's aggression on new crane, calls for its troops to immediately leave the country, calls for humanitarian access and the safety of civilians, and also deplores by the safety of civilians, and also deplores belarus's involvement in the conflict, so it is a very wide—ranging group in the general assembly that will have a chance to voice their opinion, like the security council, which is limited.

that is expected to happen on wednesday. untilthen that is expected to happen on wednesday. until then will have speeches on this marathon session over the next few days. i’m speeches on this marathon session over the next few days.— speeches on this marathon session over the next few days. i'm sure you saw as the — over the next few days. i'm sure you saw as the russian _ over the next few days. i'm sure you saw as the russian ambassador - over the next few days. i'm sure you saw as the russian ambassador was | saw as the russian ambassador was taking questions from journalists, he said, hold on, got to take a call, took a call and entering a 12 of his team have been expelled by the americans.— of his team have been expelled by the americans. what is that about? that's right. — the americans. what is that about? that's right, and _ the americans. what is that about? that's right, and remember - the americans. what is that about? that's right, and remember usher. the americans. what is that about? | that's right, and remember usher is still the president of the security council, so when it opened up this afternoon you brought up that exact issue, to which the united states responded, the us said that is a decision taken in accordance with the host agreement, because united states is the host of the un here in new york, and the us ambassador saying that those who have been expeued saying that those who have been expelled were not engaged in diplomatic activity at the mission, so we are still trying to get more information, but rush are accusing the united states of more aggression towards it, expelling 12 of its

diplomats from the un mission here, the russian mission to the un, we're getting a back—and—forth, but that added to the kind of warm words this afternoon. just added to the kind of warm words this afternoon. , , ., ., ., , afternoon. just got a minute on this half hour of— afternoon. just got a minute on this half hour of the _ afternoon. just got a minute on this half hour of the programme, - afternoon. just got a minute on this half hour of the programme, what l afternoon. just got a minute on this i half hour of the programme, what we are expecting the next hour or so, will this continue for some time? yes, we had two tracks here at un, general assembly meeting which will go on into the evening and continue tomorrow with speeches, and then the security council. we that are meeting, reno france and mexico want to present another draft, even though it subject to veto, calling for unhindered humanitarian access. thank you very much indeed. we'll be listening across both of those tracks and when there are significant statements we will bring this to you, because remember we will bring an update on a 24—hour basis of the moment on the conflict

in ukraine. just a reminder you can see videos from me on the website, and i was even a minute. hello there. the last day of meteorological winter was a dull and wet one, particularly for most of england and wales, and some of the heaviest rain developed through the afternoon across the south of wales into the hills. ahead of that wet weather, though, at least we did have some brightness and some hazy sunshine for a while in the southeast corner of england. this was the radar picture from earlier, not much rain in the morning, certainly did get wetter from the west, though, during the afternoon, and that rain is continuing to push its way eastwards at the moment. by midnight, this is where most of the rain is. more towards east anglia in the southeast, it will stay cloudy and damp in the southeast of england and through the english channel all night. further north, though, some clearer skies, big range of temperatures come the end of the night as well. mild in that cloudy, damp weather in the southeast. northern england, scotland, northern ireland, though, starting tuesday with a slight frost, —2 or —3 celsius.

clearer skies underneath that area of high—pressure promising some early spring sunshine for tuesday for some. in the south, though, it is going to be cloudy, and we have still got this threat of some rain and drizzle. it may well come back in again across my southern parts of england, eventually arriving in south wales and into east anglia later too. but for the north midlands, north wales and northwards, we're going to have a fair bit of sunshine, a few early showers in the far north of scotland perhaps, but even after that frost, temperatures will reach nine or ten celsius. in the south, though, we've got that weather front bringing the low cloud, bringing the wet weather too, and that will push its way northwards overnight. into the clearer air, though, we've got in scotland, it's going to be a frosty start on wednesday, could be the coldest night of the week, minus —4, —5 and fog patches as well. further south, though, it's mild there, but it's dull and damp, and it's mostly light rain and drizzle by this stage. moving northwards on wednesday into the central belt affecting northern ireland, northern england, further south, it may become a bit drier in the south of england in particular, temperatures reach 11 celsius.

for many northern areas, though, it's going to be a cooler day on wednesday with that cloudy damp weather moving in after that chilly start. and by the time we get to thursday, another band of rain is coming in from the atlantic, and that's moving very slowly eastwards. most of the wet weather, i think, on thursday will be across northern and western parts of the uk. it may improve in the afternoon in the southwest, and for much of the day, it will be dry in eastern parts of england, temperatures here probably reaching around 12 celsius. quite a bit chillier, though, i think for scotland, eight or nine celsius, and this is where we will see most of the rain during the day.

hello, i'm ros atkins, this is outside source. there are calls for an immediate ceasefire in the ukraine ceasefire, both from the government in kyiv and from a rare emergency session of the un general assembly. the fighting in ukraine must stop. it's raging across the country from air, land and sea. it must stop now. after a first day of talks between russia and ukraine on the border with belarus, no breakthrough but the two sides agree to keep talking. dozens are reported killed as the city of kharkiv is bombed. ukraine's president makes a direct appeal to the russian soldiers who've invaded his country. drop your weapons and get out of here. do not believe your commanders, do not believe your propagandists. just save your lives and go.

switzerland — where russian oligarchs hold billions of dollars — joins the eu in imposing sanctions. president putin remains defiant. translation: the so-called western community, as i call that _ in my speech, the empire of lies, is now trying to implement against our country. ukraine's capital kyiv is one of several cities in the country holding back an attack from russian troops — five days after they invaded. and fighting there has intensified as ukrainians continue to defend their capital. our international correspondent orla guerin reports now from kyiv. gunfire. by night they defend the capital. skies full of fire.

these ukrainian troops are still holding off russian forces. their president calling on the invaders to lay down their arms. translation: drop your weapons and get out of here. _ do not believe your commanders, do not believe your propagandists, just save your lives and go. and in a kyiv children's hospital, a young victim of europe's newest war lies between life and death. he is just 13 and doctors tell us his family came under fire as they tried to flee. it's unclear by who. the smallest brother was killed in front of him. this boy has injuries to his face

and also injuries of the spine. it is very difficult to say at this moment what is the prognosis, but we will try to do everything to save this child. here at okmadet hospital, the largest paediatric centre in ukraine, staff are used to battling disease. now they have to adjust to war on their doorstep. most of the patients have been moved to the basement for safety reasons. there was another air raid siren just as we arrived. now, doctors here say they have enough supplies for the moment, but the world health organization is warning that if the situation in kyiv gets worse, oxygen supplies could start to run out. and just outside, desperately ill children wait with their worried mothers to be transferred to poland for cancer treatment no longer available here. he is six years old.

he is facing a riskyjourney with his mother marina. i'll be frank, i'm scared. but i can't see another way to escape, so we will have to do this. but for many, there is no escape. this is kharkiv, ukraine's second largest city, under sustained attack. the russian enemy is bombing residential areas, said the local governor. all this as peace talks were about to begin. back in kyiv the air raid sirens were wailing again, and some were rushing for the railway station, including this group of students from india. we don't know what's going to happen next but the only thing is that_

we're going to go home, and we are trying our best to go back home, that's it. there have been reports about foreign students not being allowed on trains. but in this time of war, hopes all will be treated equally. in these hard times ijust hope it doesn't matter who is indian, who is pakistani, russian, ukrainian, we all arejust people, we have certain human rights, so i guess in these hard times we should just help each other and cooperate on this and that's all. many are carried to the station by fear for their children, for their city and the lives they led until last week. inside it was all too much for this beloved pet. and already there are queues forfood. some wondering how long it will be before supplies start to run out. day five of the invasion and ukraine still resists, but there are fears this city could be put under siege. orla guerin, bbc news, kyiv.

president putin has raised the spectre of the use of nuclear weapons, saying he's putting russia's nuclear forces on high alert. let's take a moment to look at the history of the nuclear arms race. with one announcement, vladimir putin left the world asking, "would he? " i'm ordering the minister of defence and the chief of the general staff to put the strategic nuclear forces on special alert. russia has the biggest nuclear arsenal in the world, and putin wouldn't be the first leader to give the order. in 1945, the us dropped two nuclear weapons onjapan. they effectively ended the second world war and killed over 100,000 people in 1949. the soviet union tested a bomb at this test site in what is now kazakhstan, then in 1962. the cuban missile crisis almost brought nuclear war between the us and russia,

and having come so close in 1968, the world agreed a new arrangement — the nuclear non—proliferation treaty. 191 countries are currently signed up. nuclear powers agreed to reduce their arsenals in exchange others agreed not to have them at all. and in the �*70s, the deals between the us and russia continued to more focused on long—range missiles. and though the rivalry of these superpowers intensified in 1991, there was the new start treaty. it aimed to decrease the size of their overall arsenals and underpinning the west. justification for these weapons is an idea called nuclear deterrence. the uk government factsheet states that potential aggressors know that the costs of attacking the uk or our nato allies could far outweigh any benefit they could hope to achieve. the possibility of mutually assured destruction being the strongest of reasons not to press the button. that's the theory, but it's under pressure. this week, the former russian president, dmitry medvedev,

warned it may pull out of the new start deal, and both countries still have huge arsenals. america has an estimated 5,428 weapons, russia an estimated 5,977. all of which is why we're looking to history and the present. it's not the first time this has happened. it's happened several times during the cold war. it never, of course, led to nuclear war. but i can't say how this is a positive development for the ukraine crisis. that is perhaps an understatement. and today, russia blamed various comments by the west for its nuclear escalation. the kremlin spokesperson said. now, it seems unlikely that one comment by liz truss is the reason putin feels the need to flex his military muscles. his troops are on day five of this war. kyiv hasn't fallen the west is united, and so he raises the stakes.

this is a reminder of almost soviet era brinksmanship, nuclear brinksmanship like we had at the height of the cold war. but the question is, you know, what is the strategy here? what is the endgame? and i wonder if putin actually understands that or knows that. we can't know that, but we know putin has shown scant regard for human lives and international rules, and we know he has the weapons. the un essay more than a half—million people have now moved to safety, to poland. a report inside ukraine about the growing refugee crisis. to the edge of desperation and beyond. a bewildering crisis the women and the children of ukraine fleeing their

country. you will not be allowed the policeman shouts to the man on the stairwell. women and children only. tempers fray, back—and—forth go the arguments employees. —— please. the police moved to help those allowed to board. the women and children are being pulled from the crowd on the stairs now so that they can board the train. the police again are outnumbered, they are doing their best, seeing them go down into the crowd and try to calm people. but it's very, very difficult given the volatility of the situation. as ironic you, what's happening? it’s

ironic you, what's happening? it's awful. ironic you, what's happening? it's awful- it's — ironic you, what's happening? it�*s awful. it's very bad. ironic you, what's happening? it's awful. it's very bad. what - ironic you, what's happening? it's awful. it's very bad. what is - ironic you, what's happening? it's awful. it's very bad. what is your| awful. it's very bad. what is your bab ? awful. it's very bad. what is your baby? one _ awful. it's very bad. what is your baby? one year. _ awful. it's very bad. what is your baby? one year. very _ awful. it's very bad. what is your baby? one year. very scared. i awful. it's very bad. what is yourl baby? one year. very scared. the foreian baby? one year. very scared. the foreign students _ baby? one year. very scared. the foreign students and _ baby? one year. very scared. the foreign students and workers - baby? one year. very scared. the j foreign students and workers here find themselves without family help are from home. and if they are meant they must wait while the women and children are evacuated. what is it like for you? figs children are evacuated. what is it like form?— children are evacuated. what is it like for you? as you can see i'm a bit nervous- _ like for you? as you can see i'm a bit nervous. trying _ like for you? as you can see i'm a bit nervous. trying to get - like for you? as you can see i'm a bit nervous. trying to get on - like for you? as you can see i'm a bit nervous. trying to get on the l bit nervous. trying to get on the train _ bit nervous. trying to get on the train unfortunately i can't. and my visit was _ train unfortunately i can't. and my visit was supposed to come out tomorrow _ visit was supposed to come out tomorrow. ijust have to find my stuff _ tomorrow. ijust have to find my stuff and — tomorrow. ijust have to find my stuff and leave. the tomorrow. ijust have to find my stuff and leave.— tomorrow. ijust have to find my stuff and leave. the un has warned of a fast deteriorating _ stuff and leave. the un has warned of a fast deteriorating situation - stuff and leave. the un has warned of a fast deteriorating situation as l of a fast deteriorating situation as tens of thousands flee towards western europe. this doctor is a british medic trying to leave with his family. british medic trying to leave with his famil . , , ..,

his family. yes, we 'ust calm, --eole his family. yes, we 'ust calm, people panic _ his family. yes, we just calm, people panic because had - his family. yes, we just calm, people panic because had a i his family. yes, we just calm, i people panic because had a bad situation here. we tried to catch up but all the people leaving, want to go. b. but all the people leaving, want to .o_ �* ., , but all the people leaving, want to no, �* ., , ., ., but all the people leaving, want to go. a fathers farewell to his infant son. what cannot _ go. a fathers farewell to his infant son. what cannot be _ go. a fathers farewell to his infant son. what cannot be held - go. a fathers farewell to his infant son. what cannot be held must. go. a fathers farewell to his infant son. what cannot be held must be go. a fathers farewell to his infant. son. what cannot be held must be let go. untilanother day. as we continue our coverage let's turn to the impact of these unprecedented western sanctions against russia. the us treasury is now blocked americans from engaging in any transaction involving russia's central bank of national wealth fund and finance ministry the european union and the uk of also cut banks from financial markets and their territories. this was the immediate result on monday. russian interest rates at more than doubled to 20% as the bank of russia tried to 20% as the bank of russia tried to hold a slump in the value of the currency. i want to hold a slump in the value of the currency. i want

estimate around half of russian central bank total international reserves of $630 billion are likely to be frozen by the sanctions. the rouble plunged as much is 30% against the dollar to an all—time low. that reduces the currencies buying fire outside of russia and russia's stock market remained close today. this was the picture in st. petersburg on sunday with queues of people trying to withdraw money from atms. russians are worried that the sanctions will trigger cash shortages, cause banks to limit cash withdrawals and disrupt payment systems. but some people speaking to the media also have sympathy for ukrainians.— media also have sympathy for ukrainians. ., ., ., ., ukrainians. our economic situation will aet a ukrainians. our economic situation will get a lot _ ukrainians. our economic situation will get a lot worse. _ ukrainians. our economic situation will get a lot worse. it's _ will get a lot worse. it's inevitable in these situations. but it's still not comparable with the people who are dying in their homes through the fault of our forces. we are in touch with our ukrainian friends and i have no words i can comfort them.— friends and i have no words i can comfort them. ~ ,, ~ ., �* comfort them. translation: i don't have any hard — comfort them. translation: i don't have any hard currency _ comfort them. translation: i don't have any hard currency savings. - have any hard currency savings. let's _ have any hard currency savings. let's see — have any hard currency savings. let's see what happens. it�*s

have any hard currency savings. let's see what happens. it's worth notin: let's see what happens. it's worth noting that _ let's see what happens. it's worth noting that trading _ let's see what happens. it's worth noting that trading volumes - let's see what happens. it's worth i noting that trading volumes between the russian rouble in a crypto currency called tether has spiked to 2.9 million dollars with of that size this year at around three times up size this year at around three times up on the previous week. potentially crypto currency becoming part of the story. although those figures, millions of dollars is of course being dwarfed by the billions we re were talking about in the context of the sanctions. to airlines and this was a departure board at moscow airport earlier today, showing the cancellation of flights to european destinations. the eu and canada have banned russian airlines from their airspace. and in retaliation russia announced on monday it was banning flights by airlines from 36 countries including britain and germany. russia announced that its foreign minister — sergei lavrov had cancelled a scheduled trip to geneva on tuesday to address the un human rights council, because of the flight ban.

you wonder if that invitation may have been withdrawn anyway. here's chris weafer — a former chief strategist at russia's largest bank — talking to us from moscow. you are beginning to see a little bit of queuing and some grocery stores, particularly people buying goods that they think might come in short supply due to trade restrictions or may be subject to big price increases because of the rouble devaluation. meanwhile, turkey says that it will block warships from the key. bosphorus and dardanelles straits in line with a convention that gives it control over the passage of military vessels in the strategic area. the 1936 convention gives ankara some control over the movement of warships in the straits. the bosphorus connects the sea of marmara with the black sea, while the dardanelles connect it with the aegean sea. breaking news with regard to media sanctions. yes it if you watching

the bbc in may have seen me cover the bbc in may have seen me cover the european union announcing that it's to restrict the russian media outlets, russia today, rt and sputnik saying russia today would not be allowed to broadcast is a tv channel within the european union. a top executive at matter which includes facebook has within the past few minutes announced that it will be restricting access to rt and sputnik across the european union. that is relevant because russia todayis that is relevant because russia today is a tv network and a number of different countries, a lot of its audience comes from online consumption. for meta— and intern facebook to say we are not allowed its content to be shared in the european union is perhaps as significant as it being a ban on tv networks. meta expressing its view on that issue within the eu. next... next... russia's central bank has tried to reassure russians, saying it has...

and this was kremlin spokesman dmitry peskov. .. and here's president putin himself. translation: i invited you to talk about issues related to economics and finance. we discuss this topic naturally bearing in mind the sanctions the so—called western community, as accorded in my speech the empire of lies is now trying to implement against our country. the foreian implement against our country. the foreign policy chief has warned that the eu sanctions will also hurt people within the eu. this the eu sanctions will also hurt people within the eu.- the eu sanctions will also hurt people within the eu. this is going to have a price. _ people within the eu. this is going to have a price. this _ people within the eu. this is going to have a price. this is _ people within the eu. this is going to have a price. this is not - people within the eu. this is going to have a price. this is not a - people within the eu. this is going to have a price. this is not a free l to have a price. this is not a free lunch. sanctions will backlash, sanctions have a cost. and it's better to express and explained to

public opinion that this is the clue that we have to be ready to pay the price now. if not we will have to pay a much bigger price in the future. ., ., , ., future. you may have seen over the weekend western _ future. you may have seen over the weekend western governments - future. you may have seen over the i weekend western governments agreed to cut off some russian banks from the swift international payment system russian banks from the swift international payments system. so just what is that and what are the implications for those banks? here's monica miller. russia stands to lose access to billions of dollars in trade after being cut off from the swift network. sweat stands for society for worldwide interbank fidelity entered to elect telecommunications. that's how banks and money across borders with up like the gmail of global banking. it welding based is handles trillions of dollars in transactions across more than 200

countries and territories. without access to the network russian businesses will struggle with sending and receiving money outside of the country. only one country has ever been cut off from swift. that was iran. and that bands are lose 30% of its foreign trade. the goal was to fold the wallets of the russian elite will bankroll president putin and with the soaring inflation the cost of war will hurt the russian people creating problems for him at home. switzerland has traditionally been neutral. but on monday, it announced that it was also adopting all the eu's sanctions against russia, including against president putin and foreign minister sergei lavrov. here's the swiss president. translation: russia's attack against ukraine is unacceptable with regards of international law. unacceptable politically speaking and unacceptable from a moral point of

view. the federal council has decided to fully adopt the european union sanctions including asset freezing. they are unusual but it's not the first time. switzerland did take sanctions out on syria and they did at some stage on iran. but what was unusual was no wording when the president of the confederation said it is part of neutrality to stand with democracies, it's part of neutrality to stand with human rights. that was quite unusual. that was a shift of how switzerland is defining neutrality. a lot has changed since that thursday night. that the tanks rolled across the

borders on many ways. but also on how switzerland defines neutrality. i imagine if you take a position for example assets belonging to president putin or sergei lavrov you might have to take a position on assets to other dubious rights records. i assets to other dubious rights records. , , ., �* , ,., records. i guess that's something. that's a bridge _ records. i guess that's something. that's a bridge that _ records. i guess that's something. that's a bridge that the _ records. i guess that's something. that's a bridge that the banking i that's a bridge that the banking system will have to cross when it gets there. more immediately what people are worried about, there's big energy trading community here, commodities trading here, 35% of all oil traded in the world somehow of the other link to the swiss market. geneva, 50% of metals, 60% of metals and 50% of sugar. there is that element to it as well. is and 50% of sugar. there is that element to it as well.— and 50% of sugar. there is that element to it as well. is there a olitical element to it as well. is there a political debate _ element to it as well. is there a

political debate about _ element to it as well. is there a political debate about whether. element to it as well. is there a i political debate about whether this is the right thing to do? to some people think switzerland should stick to their original definition of neutrality? i stick to their original definition of neutrality?— of neutrality? i think there is. yes, i think— of neutrality? i think there is. yes, i think that _ of neutrality? i think there is. yes, i think that is _ of neutrality? i think there is. yes, i think that is why i of neutrality? i think there is. yes, i think that is why also i of neutrality? i think there is. i yes, i think that is why also the federal council took so long, the government took so long to decide because traditionally switzerland is a good interlock tour. and a good mediator of such conflicts for that once to take sides it's harder to take that mediating function. the last two hours — take that mediating function. the last two hours we brought you many dimensions of the story from the ukraine. one last report. as the fighting continues, western intelligence is suggesting russian troops aren't making the advances the kremlin anticipated. our defence correspondent, jonathan beale looks at how the first five days of the war could affect military strategy going forward? the russians had made advances but slower than expected. the

significant gains have been in the south. remember, one of russia's earlier objectives which create a land bridge from crimea and expand their control towards the russian declared republics. they've also made gains in the northeast but as yet they've been unable to take the main cities there like car care. let's look at their advances from the north. —— kharkiv. russian forces and continue their efforts just around the capital kyiv. they are meeting fierce resistance. last week russia claimed that it had taken the airport but british military intelligence today said it's still being held by ukrainian forces. western officials believe the invasion so far it is not going according to plan. which suggests they have some detailed knowledge of those plans. some say russia thought it could surround kyiv within a matter of days, that hasn't happened. so the obvious question

is, why might the russian invasion and not be going according to plan? first, the strength of resistance which seems to be greater than russia expected. ukraine says it's already killed thousands of russian troops, in contrast there are still questions about the russians morale and will to fight. questions to you as to whether the russians have yet managed to gain supremacy in the air. last week ukraine's minister of defence releases video of one of its drones carrying a strike on a russian armoured column. the aircraft still seemed to be able to fly. there's also some evidence that the russians struggled with logistics, with an armoured column getting lost in running out of fuel. remember, the russians still have greater firepower. they've used air strikes and artillery so far it seems to have been limited. not on the scale they've used in syria, for example. does that suggest this concern about massive civilian

calvert net casualty and the impact that might have on public opinion back home? these are still early days was officials believe that russia has not yet committed all of its forces, fewer than half, the 190,000 troops it massed on the border with ukraine. and the longer this war goes on the russian tactics might change and become more ruthless. a quick reminder that you can find the explainers, everyday at the moment by the bbc news website and via my twitter feed. moment by the bbc news website and via my twitterfeed. we moment by the bbc news website and via my twitter feed. we will be back tomorrow with another two hours covered. thank you forjoining us. bye—bye. hello there. the last day of meteorological winter was a dull and wet one, particularly for most of england and wales, and some of the heaviest rain developed through the afternoon across the south of

wales into the hills. ahead of that wet weather, though, at least we did have some brightness and some hazy sunshine for a while in the southeast corner of england. this was the radar picture from earlier, not much rain in the morning, certainly did get wetter from the west, though, during the afternoon, and that rain is continuing to push its way eastwards at the moment. by midnight, this is where most of the rain is. more towards east anglia in the southeast, it will stay cloudy and damp in the southeast of england and through the english channel all night. further north, though, some clearer skies, big range of temperatures come the end of the night as well. mild in that cloudy, damp weather in the southeast. northern england, scotland, northern ireland, though, starting tuesday with a slight frost, —2 or —3 celsius. clearer skies underneath that area of high—pressure promising some early spring sunshine for tuesday for some. in the south, though, it is going to be cloudy, and we have still got this threat of some rain and drizzle. it may well come back in again across more southern parts of england, eventually arriving in south wales and into east anglia later too. but for the north midlands, north wales and northwards, we're going to have a fair bit of sunshine, a few early showers in the far north of scotland perhaps, but even after that frosty start here, temperatures will reach

nine or ten celsius. in the south, though, we've got that weather front bringing the low cloud, bringing the wet weather too, and that will push its way northwards overnight. into the clearer air, though, that we've got in scotland, it's going to be a frosty start on wednesday, could be the coldest night of the week, minus —4, —5 and one or two fog patches as well. further south, though, it's mild there, but it's dull and damp, and it's mostly light rain and drizzle by this stage. moving northwards on wednesday into the central belt affecting northern ireland, northern england, further south, it may become a bit drier in the south of england in particular, temperatures reach 11 celsius. for many northern areas, though, it's going to be a cooler day on wednesday with that cloudy, damp weather moving in after that chilly start. and by the time we get to thursday, another band of rain is coming in from the atlantic, and that's moving very slowly eastwards. most of the wet weather, i think, on thursday will be across northern and western parts of the uk. it may improve in the afternoon in the southwest, and for much of the day, it will be dry in eastern parts of england, temperatures here probably reaching around 12 celsius. quite a bit chillier, though,

i think for scotland, eight or nine celsius, and this is where we will see most of the rain during the day.

hello, i'm christian fraser. you're watching context on bbc news. five days into the invasion of ukraine and president putin is intensifying his war. the civilian areas of kharkiv were bombed today — ukraine's president makes a direct appeal to the russian soldiers who've invaded his country. drop your weapons and get out of here. do not believe your commanders, do not believe your propagandists. just save your lives and go. the west puts new sanctions on russia's central bank — freezing its assets and banning transactions. it's an unprecedented move against one of the world's biggest central banks. huge crowds are camped in ukraine's railway stations as they try to escape to neighbouring countries — over half a million have fled since the war began.