quorum call:

mr. leahy: mr. president? the presiding officer: the senator from vermont. mr. leahy: mr. president, i ask consent the call of the quorum be dispensed with. the presiding officer: without objection. under the previous order, the senate will proceed to executive session to consider the following nomination, which the

clerk will report. the clerk: nomination, the judiciary, michael a. shipp michael a. shipp of new jersey to be united states district judge. mr. leahy: i ask unanimous consent that the cloture motion be withdrawn and that there be time equally divided between now and the hour of 5:30 for debate by the usual form, that upon the use or yielding back of time the senate proceed to vote without intervening action or debate of the nomination, the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table with no intervening action or debate, and no further motions be in order, that any related statements be printed in the record, that the president be immediately notified of the senate's action and the senate then resume legislative session. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. leahy: now, mr. president

would it always be that easy. i thank the distinguished presiding officer, distinguished for not only his service here in the senate but as governor of one of the most beautiful states -- one of the most beautiful states in the union. mr. president, before we begin, so many others have said this, it would be impossible to state the amount of horror and sadness felt by my wife marcel and i at the news of what happened in colorado. i was reminded of again today as i saw the flags lowered to half staff on this capitol building. i view the capitol as being a

bastion of democracy, a light of shines to the rest of the world of what democracy is, the world has seen the acts of a mad man. it is safe to say that one thing that has united senators on both sides here is our hearts go out not only to those who have been injured, obviously the families of those who died, and to the people of that wonderful community, because it's impossible for any one of us here to know how long or how hard that will hold in their heart, the number of people who say, as we all do, "we just went to a movie." every one of us has done that. our children go to movies.

our grandchildren go to movies. you expect them to go, have a good time and come back and enjoy the thought of it. what they saw here is horrible. mr. president, i realize i've taken extra time in doing that, but i just wanted to say that. we have before us a federal trial court nomination, that of michael a. shipp voted on by the senate judiciary committee more than three months ago, supported nearly unanimously by both republican and democratic senators who reviewed it nearly three months ago. judge michael shipp served as a magistrate judge of the district of new jersey since 2007. he's the first african-american united states magistrate judge in that district. incidentally, i think most of us who have spent any time in the

senate know what a complete wave of time to have a cloture vote -- complete waste of time to have a cloture vote on such a matter as this, so i appreciate the fact that the republican leader has consented that we could withdraw the cloture vote. democrats did not want to have to file cloture on this, but after three months we did want to vote on a judgeship. actually the 29th judicial nominee of president obama for which the majority leader has been forced to file for cloture to end a filibuster to get an up-or-down vote. but i'm pleased to be able to vote on the judgeship. the first african-american united states judge in that district, presided over civil and criminal matters, issued over 100 opinions. i wish that the republicans

would stop filibustering patty hertz who was nominating to the third circuit and stop nominating william kayatte of maine to the first circuit. republicans are filibustering highly qualified nominees supported by the republican senators of their state. do we really want to start this kind of a precedent? do we really want to be the president dent of the senate? -- to be the precedent of the senate? i realize they establish a different qualification for president obama than they did the other presidents i served with: president ford, president carter, president reagan, president george h.w. bush, president clinton, president

george w. bush. somehow we have a different standard for president obama. do they really want to establish this as being the standard? do they not think that someday there may be a republican president and know that that's the standard that they want? it would happen there. during the past five presidential election years, senate democrats have never denied an up-or-down vote to any circuit court nominee of a republican president who received bipartisan support in the judiciary committee. that's 20 years, five presidential election years. during the last 20 years only four circuit nominees reported the bipartisan support have been denied an up-or-down vote by the senate. all four were nominated by president clinton and blocked by senate republicans. this entire year the senate has yet to vote on a single circuit

court nominee who was nominated by president obama this year. since 1980, the only presidential election year in which there were no circuit nominees confirmed, that year was in 1986 when senate republicans shut down the process against president clinton's circuit nominees. there is no good reason the senate should not vote on nominees like judge shipp, more than a dozen other consensus judicial nominees to fill trial court vacancies in iowa, california, utah, maryland, connecticut, oklahoma, michigan, new york and pennsylvania. all those states being denied federal judges, people that have bipartisan support, all of whom could have been confirmed with a voice vote. there is no good reason why the senate shouldn't vote on the nomination of william kayatta of

maine, richard toronto of the federal circuit or judge patty shwartz of the third circuit. not only was she supported by both the senators from new jersey, but governor christie of new jersey. so i'm glad we're finally going to do this one. entered plaintiffs have no way to recover the cost of medical expenses, lost wages or other damages. every month, there is another drag on the economy as small business owners have to wait to have their contract disputes resolved. we get paid whether we show up for work or not. why don't we let these 20 nominees go to work for the american people? so, mr. president, i ask my full statement be made part of the record. i see -- i see the distinguished senior senator from new jersey on the floor. if he seeks the floor, i yield to time.

otherwise, i suggest the absence of a quorum. the presiding officer: the clerk will call the roll. quorum call: the presiding officer: the senator from new jersey. mr. menendez: i want to talk about -- the presiding officer: the senator -- mr. lautenberg: i ask unanimous consent the calling of the roll be dispensed with. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. lautenberg: thank you, mr. president. i thank the chairman of the judiciary committee who always has things of relevance to talk to us about. he's done that again today, and we thank you, mr. chairman. today, mr. president, one can't

address the public at large on this day so soon after a tragedy of enormous proportion, and i do plan to talk about a confirmation vote coming up on the floor, but i wanted to take just a few moments to discuss the events that took place in aurora, colorado, friday. and the -- one thing that a question arises to is what do we do beside weep with these people? what do we do beside feel sad and see a gloom hanging over our

country? what do we do about this? what do we want to do to prevent it in the future? that's going to be the test of the general character of this body and others in government. so many promising young lives were lost, changed forever. we see pictures of those who lost a loved one in our newspapers. it's heart breaking just to look at those pictures. and, mr. president, what i sense in my visits around new jersey today and over the weekend is a certain kinship that you feel with the people who are mourning the loss of a child, an 8-year-old or a daughter or son, husband or wife. you feel this certain kinship. you can feel the sadness and

it's depressing and it's not the kind of characterization we see to see the united states and the young lives lost forever. but our duty in this body is not simply to mourn and offer our condolences. we want to do that. we want those families who lost someone to understand that we in some strange way join them in their morning, but the best way to prove our sadness, the best way to prove that we really care is to take action to protect young, innocent lives, and on that score, we don't rank very high.

i remember so clearly the time 1999, the pictures of high school young people hanging out at the window, imploring for help, imploring to be saved, just heartbroken at what they're seeing and what they're feeling. so we have to do something more. the gun laws on the books in the united states are outdated, and we even let key protections expire. it's tragic. in the coming days, i'm sure some of my colleagues and i will be discussing specific measures, commonsense measures, because when it comes to our gun laws, what we need to do is act before another outburst of gun violence overtakes us with the terrible consequences that that brings.

mr. president, around here, we have opportunities to do great things, and i have one of those, i believe, today, an opportunity that i take with great pleasure to come to the floor to strongly endorse judge michael shipp for a position on the united states district court for the district of new jersey. judge shipp brings an impressive background to the bench. to start, he was born in paterson, new jersey, as was i. it's a city of significant poverty and difficulty, but he rose up from humble beginnings

at paterson to graduate from rutgers university and seton hall law school, two of new jersey's fine educational institutions. judge shipp has dedicated his career to our justice system, and he spent much of it in public service, and i learned so much about him in my meeting with him, that not only does he bring a sincerity about wanting to do the right thing but he has the knowledge and the sensitivity that will make him terrific -- a terrific district court judge. he began his career as a law clerk to a new jersey supreme court justice, james h. coleman jr. he then served in the office of new jersey's attorney general where he developed not only a thorough legal expertise but also real leadership acumen.

as counsel to the attorney general, he oversaw 10,000 employees, including 800 attorneys. for more than a decade, judge shipp has taught our state's students as an adjunct law over at seton hall university. since 2007, he has served new jersey and our nation as the united states magistrate judge in the district court. in this capacity, he has conducted proceedings in got civil and criminal cases, and it's included rulings on motions issuing recommendations to being district court judges and performing district court judge duties in cases with magistrate jurisdictions. with this experience, judge shipp is going to be well prepared to serve on the district court. mr. president, the law, our constitution, our greatest

denominators of our democracy and the judges are the faithful stewards to protect these previous -- precious guidelines of our opportunity, and that's why i consider as a senator this a sacred duty given by the constitution to carefully select judicial nominees and provide the president with advice and consent. our faith in the legal system depends on just the application of the just as it is soundly written law. judge shipp has served new jersey extraordinarily well, eminently qualified. his broad experience will prepare him well for his new role, and i have no doubt that he will continue his excellence as a judge on the united states district court. mr. president, the success of our democracy depends on all of our citizens receiving equal and just representation before the law, and as leaders in our

judicial system, judges hold that equality and justice in their hands. it means they must be fair-minded, honorable, humble, and i'm confident that judge shipp is going to make a terrific judge. he is highly qualified to meet this challenge. i urge my colleagues to support this confirmation. with that, i yield the floor. the presiding officer: the senator from new jersey. mr. menendez: mr. president, i ask unanimous consent that i be recognized for four minutes in following my -- and following my four minutes, that the distinguished senator from iowa, ranking of the judiciary committee, be recognized for six minutes. the presiding officer: is there objection? without objection. mr. menendez: thank you, mr. president. i rise to strongly support the nomination of judge michael shipp for the united states district court for the district of new jersey. all of us in new jersey, everyone who has dealt with him, everyone who knows him is very familiar with judge shipp's

strong qualifications and reputation for excellence. he is an exceptional candidate for the federal bench, an accomplished jurist with impressive credentials. i recommended judge shipp to president obama and i urge all of my colleagues in the senate to support his nomination as the judiciary committee did. with almost five years experience as a federal magistrate judge for the district of new jersey, he is well prepared to assume a seat as a federal district judge. as a magistrate, he has successfully managed significant and complex cases. on occasion, mr. president, he has served as the district court judge in cases with magistrate jurisdiction. the first eight years of his distinguished legal career was spent in the litigation department at the law firm of scatton, arp, slate, berger and floam. in 2003, he turned to public service to give something back to the community as an assistant

attorney general for consumer protection in the office of the attorney general of new jersey where he honed his expertise in consumer fraud, insurance fraud and securities fraud cases. judge shipp clearly excelled. he was twice promoted within the office, first as a liaison to the attorney general and second as counsel to the attorney general. as counsel, he was in charge in essence of day-to-day operations of the department of law and public safety with a department with over 10,000 employees and 800 attorneys. an accomplished jurist, an experienced prosecutor, a dedicated public service and an effective administrator and manager as well. it's michael shipp. it's what all of us in new jersey have known him to be. now, judge shipp has not stayed on the sidelines. even with a full plate, he has been deeply involved in the legal community, in helping to address the profession's needs and concerns. he held a leadership role in the new jersey state bar

association, actively involved with the garden state bar association, which is the association of african lawyers. as a faculty member of seton hall university school of law summer institute for prelegal studies, he helped disadvantaged students develop their interests in the law. he served on the faculty of the new jersey attorney general's advocacy institute, which assures that attorneys representing the state of new jersey maintain the highest possible levels of professionalism. mr. president, judge shipp is also a very proud new jerseyan, part of the community with deep roots in the state, a native of paterson, he grew up and has lived in new jersey all of his life, has earned his degrees from rutgers, a state university, seton hall university school of law, and after graduating, he went on to clerk for the honorable james coleman, a former justice on the supreme court of new jersey. put simply, michael shipp would be an extraordinary circuit

court judge for the district of new jersey. he is a man of honor, principle, and he possesses an excellent judicial temperament, has extraordinary legal experience and a deep and asiding commitment to the rule of law. mr. president, i have full confidence that he will serve the people of new jersey and the country with all the dignity, fairness and honor that he has shown throughout his extraordinary career. we are lucky to have a nominee of his caliber, and i wholeheartedly urge the senate to confirm the judge shipp for the district of new jersey. i am thrilled we are going to a confirmation vote, not a cloture vote. i appreciate those who made that possible. with that, i yield the floor to my distinguished colleague from iowa. a senator: mr. president? the presiding officer: the senator from iowa. mr. grassley: before i speak about this judge, i'd like to, when my colleagues come over to vote, i hope they will take note of a constituent of mine, taylor morris, a navy wounded person from afghanistan who was an

explosive expert, lost parts of four limbs. he is at the bottom of the escalator as you go to the subway. and wish him well because he is one of our wounded heroes, and i'd like to have my colleagues recognize him. also, it's a very sad weekend and for a long period of time in aurora, and i heard the remarks of the majority and minority leaders today expressing condolence for the victims and their families. i want to associate myself with those remarks and say for myself condolences to all the people of aurora, but particularly to those who have deceased family members and those who are hospitalized because of this

tragic event that happened there. i support the nomination of michael a. shipp, a district judge, new jersey. currently serving as a u.s. magistrate, coming out of committee on voice vote. i'm not aware of any controversy regarding this nominee, and i expect he will be confirmed with an overwhelming vote. there has been a bit of discussion regarding whether or not the cloture vote that had been scheduled on today's nominee was some sort of escalation of presidential election politics or indication of a partisan fight or judicial confirmations. those who raise this speculation are misreading what is happening in the senate. the fact is the cloture vote which is now vitiated had nothing to do with the judicial confirmation process in general or this nominee in particular.

there is, unfortunately, an element of partisan gridlock that's affecting this nomination but it's not because of republican desire to block this nominee or to shut down the senate floor. republicans, in fact, have been demanding more access to the senate floor. that gridlock is the majority's tactics to block amendments on the senate floor. time after time the majority uses parliamentary procedure to prohibit amendments, block votes, and deny or limit debate. flex last thursday the republican leader asked the majority leader if the anticipated business coming before the senate, the stabenow-obama campaign tax bill, would be open for amendment. the majority leader responded that that would -- quote, unquote -- "be very doubtful." these actions though they may be permitted by senate rules are contrary to the spirit of the united states senate. certainly we are far from being the world's greatest

deliberative body at this time so when a senator who seeks a vote on his amendment is stymied time after time, it's not be surprising that the senator would use senate rules and procedures to bring pressure on the majority leader for a vote, in other words, to do exactly what the senate was set up under the constitution to do. there's a bit of sad irony that senators who are facing obstructionism are the ones who are labeled obstructionists when they are persistent in trying to bring a matter to a vote which is customary in the united states senate. unfortunately, we're now seeing this obstructionism strategy creep into committee activity as well. last thursday the judiciary committee marked up a national security bill. the bill was open to amendment but apparently only amendments the chairman agreed with. in the judiciary committee we have a long-standing practice of voting up or down on difficult controversial issues.

what happened last week undermined the responsibility of the committee to debate and address important issues, in this case, national security. the judiciary committee is a forum for these debates. the bill that was on the agenda is one of the few vehicles that will likely be passed before the end of the year, so it was an important and appropriate vehicle for addressing such issues once the chairman opened up the amendment process by adopting his own substitute amendment. instead, the partisan gridlock driven by the majority leader's tactics to block amendments on the senate floor, spread now to the committee level, with made-up germaneness rules and tabling motions forced on amendments, some of which had received bipartisan support from members of the judiciary committee in the past. the only conclusion that can be drawn is that the senate majority leadership wants to protect its members at every step of the legislative process from having to make difficult

votes and the majority leadership will employ any procedure it can to duck debates and to govern. even as we turn to the 154th nominee of this president to be confirmed to the district or circuit courts, we continue to hear unsubstantiated charges of obstructionism. the fact is we have confirmed over 78% of president obama's district nominees. at this point in his presidency, 75% of the president's -- president bush's nominees had been confirmed. president obama, in other words, is running ahead of president bush on district confirmations as a percentage. i continue to hear some of my colleagues repeatedly ask the question, what is the difference about this president that he is to be treated differently than all of these other presidents? that's kind of a quote you hear around here, or a question. i won't speculate as to any inference that might be intended by that question, but i can

tell you that president is not being treated differently than previous presidents by any objective measure. this president has been treated fairly and consistently with past senate practices. as i stated, as a percentage of nominations, this president is running ahead of the previous president. with regard to the number of confirmations, let me put that in perspective for my colleagues with an apples-to-apples comparison. we have confirmed 134 district nominees and also two supreme court nominees. everyone understands that the supreme court nominations take a great deal of committee time. the last time the senate confirmed two supreme court nominees was during president bush's second term, and during that term the senate confirmed a total of 119 district and circuit court nominees. with judge shipp's confirmation today, which i support and which i think will be confirmed almost unanimously we will have

confirmed 4535 more district and circuit court nominees for president obama than we did for president bush in similar circumstances. during the last presidential election, 2008, the senate confirmed a total of 28 judges, 24 district and four circuit. this president election year we've already exceeded those numbers. we've confirmed five circuit nominees and with this one will be the 27th district judge confirmed. i'll put the balance of my statement in the record. a senator: mr. president, --. the presiding officer: the senator from vermont. mr. leahy: i ask consent to speak for a one minute. mr. . the presiding officer: is there objection? mr. grassley: i'd like to speak for maintenance. mr. leahy: i'll give to the senator from iowa he did not give to me. the presiding officer: is there objection? without objection. mr. leahy: usually, mr. president, it's been my experience in 37 years in this

senate, the second most senior member here, if a senator wants to come and attack another senator, they have the courtesy of giving him notice before they do. i'm sorry my friend from iowa didn't follow the normal courtesy. i withhold the balance of my time. mr. grassley: mr. president -- the presiding officer: the senator from iowa. mr. grassley: i'll respond to that simply by saying this: i'm talking about the institutions of the united states senate and not one single senator personally. i yield the floor, back the balance of my time, put the balance of my statement in the record. mr. leahy: mr. president, how much time do i have remaining? the presiding officer: the senator has 45 seconds. mr. leahy: mr. president, i yield to no member of this body in the fact that i uphold not

only the rules but the courtesies of this senate. as chairman of the senate judiciary committee, i have never cut off a member of the other party who wished to speak, unlike some of the procedures that they followed when they held the chair. i have never refused to have a member of the other party bring up an amendment, contrary to the procedures they followed when they chaired it. mr. president, i believe in the senate. i believe in the rules of the senate. but especially i believe in the comity that thomas jefferson believed in in this body. otherwise, the senate falls apart. i yield back the balance of my time. the presiding officer: the question is on the nomination.

the yeas and nays have been called. is there a sufficient second? there appears to be. the clerk will call the roll. vote:

vote:

the presiding officer: are there any senators in the chamber wishing to vote or change their vote? on this vote, the ayes are 91, the nays are 1. the motion -- the nomination is confirmed. under the previous order, the motion to reconsider is considered made and laid upon the table. the president will be immediately notified of the senate's action, and the senate will resume legislative session. a senator: i suggest the absence of a quorum. the presiding officer: the clerk will call the roll.

quorum call:

quorum call:

a senator: madam president? the presiding officer: the senator from north dakota. mr. conrad:i ask further proceedings under the quorum call be dispensed with. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. conrad: i ask unanimous consent that the senate proceed to morning business with senators permitted to speak for up to ten minutes each. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. conrad: i thank the chair and notice the absence of a quorum. the presiding officer: the clerk will call the roll. quorum call: the presiding officer: the senator from north dakota. mr. conrad: i ask further proceedings under the quorum call be dispensed with. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. conrad: madam president, i understand there are two bills at the desk due for a second reading. the presiding officer: the clerk will read the title of the bills for the second time. the clerk: s. 3414, a bill to enhance the security and resiliency of the cyber and

communications infrastructure of the united states. h.r. 5872, an act to require the president to provide a report detailing the sequester required by the budget control act of 2011 on january 2, 2013. mr. conrad: on behalf of the leader i'd object to any further proceedings with respect to these bills en bloc. the presiding officer: objection having been heard, the bills will be placed on the calendar. mr. conrad: madam president, i understand there is a bill at the desk and i ask for its first reading. the presiding officer: the clerk will read the taoeulgt of the bill for the first time. the clerk: s. 3420, a bill to permanently extend the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts and so forth and for other purposes. mr. conrad: i now ask for a second reading. and in order to place the bill on the calendar under the provision of rule 14, i object to my own request. the presiding officer: objection having been heard, the bill will be read for a second time on the next legislative

day. mr. conrad: madam president, i ask unanimous consent that the appointments at the desk appear separately in the record. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. conrad: madam president, i ask unanimous consent that when the senate completes its business today it adjourn until 10:00 a.m. on tuesday, july 24, that following the prayer and pledge, the journal of proceedings be approved to date, the morning hour deemed expired and the time of the two leaders be reserved for their use later in the day, that the majority leader be recognized and that the first hour be equally divided and controlled between the two leaders or their designees with the majority controlling the first half and the republicans controlling the final half. further, that the senate recess from 12:30 until 2:15 to allow for the weekly conference meetings. finally at 3:40 p.m. the senate observe a moment of silence in memory of officer jacob j. chestnut and detective john m. gibson of the united states capitol police who were killed 14 years ago in the line of duty

defending this capitol. the people who work here and its visitors against an armed intruder. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. conrad: i thank the chair. today the majority leader filed cloture on the motion to proceed to s. 3412, the middle-class tax cut act. if no agreement is reached, that vote will be on wednesday. if there is no further business to come before the senate, i ask that it adjourn under the previous order. the presiding officer: the senate stands adjourned until 10:00 a.m. tomorrow morning.

mr. reid: mr. president, this afternoon the senate pauses to remember those killed in last week's horrific shooting in colorado. among dead was 26-year-old jonathan blunc, a graduate of hud high school in reno, nevada. a navy veteran, father of two. my heart goes out to his loved ones, to all the victims and their families as they struggle to make sense of the senselessness. how can you make sense of something that's so senseless, mr. president? we may never know the motivations behind this terrible

crime or understand why anyone would target so many innocent people. friday's events were a reminder that nothing in this world is certain and that life is precious and short. today we pause to mourn the dead but also honor how they lived. we pledge our support to the people of aurora, colorado, both as they grieve and as they begin to heal from this terrible tragedy. mr. mcconnell: mr. president? the presiding officer: the republican leader. mr. mcconnell: we've all been sifting through the events of last friday and i think it's entirely appropriate for the senate to take a moment today to acknowledge, as we just did, the victims of this nightmarish rampage, their families, and the wider community of aurora.

in the life of a nation, some that they compel all of us to set aside our normal routines and preoccupations, step back, reflect on our own motivations and priorities and think about the kind of lives we all aspire to live. this is certainly one of those times. and as is almost always the case in moments like this, the horror has been tempered somewhat by the acts of heroism and self-sacrifice that took place in the midst of the violence. i read one report that said three different young men sacrificed their own lives in protecting the young women they were with. and we know that the first responders and nurses and

doctors saved lives, too. including the life of an unborn child. i think all of us were moved over the weekend by the stories we've heard about the victims themselves. it's hard not to be struck by how young most of them were, of how many dreams were extinguished so quickly and mercilessly. but we were also moved by the outpouring of compassion that followed and by the refusal of the people of aurora to allow the monster who committed this crime to eclipse the memory of the people he killed. president obama, governor hickenlouper and the religious leaders in and around aurora are to be commended for the effort

they put in for consoling the victims and the broader community. i think the best thing the rest of us can do right now is to show our respect for those who have been affected by this terrible and senseless crime and to continue to pray for the injured, that they recover fully from their injuries. there are few things more common in america than going out to a movie with friends, which is why the first response most of us had to the shootings in on aurora was to think, it could have been any of us. it's the randomness of a crime like this that makes it impossible to understand and so hard to accept. but as the scripture says, the rain falls on the just and the unjust. so we accept that some things we just can't explain.

evil is one of them. and we take comfort in the fact that while tragedy and loss persist, so does the goodness and generosity of so many. and now i'd like to join governor hickenlouper in honoring the victims by reciting their names. er havveronica moser sullivan. gordon cowden. matthew mcquinn. alex sullivan. makayla mideke. john larimer. jesse childress. alexander boyd. jonathan blunc. rebecca ann wingo.

alexander tevis. jessica golly. new jersey it's likely in the signed into law in 2001 and 2003 are set to expire in january. president obama wants to extent the tax cuts for people who make less than $250,000 a year. when the senate recon convenes, lining coverage here on c-span2. [inaudible conversations]

collision prevision web extremes thousand of challenging. smartphone with a 21-hour battery life. the latest in technology and tech guyses from devices. tonight at 8:00 eastern on ""the communicators" on c-span2. congresswoman debby wasserman schultz at national journal forum on women and business in politics they spoke about getting women in elected office. [inaudible conversations] it's going to be lonely. join us today thank you for being with us.

you look at the panel and you think that women already control washington. we have the highest republican woman in chair. we have the chair of the democratic national convention. we have leaders two power think tanks that president obama listens to most. and other numbers and you see just 17% of congress is female now. i wonder do you think the glass is half full because of you have done or the glass half empty because women -- [inaudible] >> i think the glass is half full. it's an exciting time to be a woman in congress. i never thought i would go congress. i grew up on a farm. ..

disappointing. >> i agree the glass is half full because i am the glass is half full kind of person, and i prefer to be optimistic about the future and, you know, differently than kathy, i did dream of public service as a career choice and was elected to

the state legislature when i was 26-years-old and have served since that time. but in 2010, the women lost in congress. we lost seats in congress for the first time since 1982 of. so i think we have to be cautious about celebrating that a woman got elected to a particular office and make sure that we have women that are running and women who are going to champion the causes of women and who are going to make the agenda but as importantly equal pay for equal work and making sure that when it comes to fighting for middle class families and ensuring access to birth control and and making sure that health care is a priority and that it's affordable, making sure that access to education and high your education is a priority. electing just any woman is -- it

shouldn't be the goal. electing a woman that is going to make the issues important to women and families really should be the focus and i don't know that we have made as much progress on that as we should. >> there was the sense in 1980 to a lot of women got elected we have parity, the title of this panel, this program is when and 2020 and by then things would be different and just 17% of congress female. why do you think the progress has been so incremental and why do you think it seems to be stalled as you say there are a number of women in congress and the of 111th. >> i think there are additional burdens. i served as a staff person i was under the presidential campaign and i do think that there are issues women face around

ambition and power that could be a little different for men. i think we are seeing that in some of the senate race is being run right now questions about why women are running when men are asked a similar question and so -- >> what questions you think they could have? >> there's a basic question that women have to overcome why they are seeking office i worked for, you know, especial candidate and hillary clinton was first lady and had a different set of experiences than a lot of people and even in the presidential race there were a lot of questions about why she was running, what her intentions were and i don't think men are asked those questions and there

are a lot similarities between 92 and now. i first came into my first real presidential campaign with the '92 campaign this year we had an unprecedented number of candidates in the presidential election year we will see more women in the senate and in the house of and will make progress but we should recognize people see women's leadership and women's powers in a different way and that is something we have to overcome and that is a challenge. >> please, go ahead. >> to illustrate what is talked about when i ran for congress in 2004, my opponent was a woman, and she actually made her whole campaign platform that i was 37 years young, had twins and she would spit out the word infant

because i had just given birth to our third child you can be a member of congress and good mother and you just can't be both at the same time. >> an issue that is raised with candidates. >> one of the things i wanted to raise, i am fi class is half full kind of person also but think about it when men are also inherently very intelligent and if you look and see what happens when your interoffice with purpose will look back and say why would i want to do that? i go back and look at the 2008 campaign. if you are hillary clinton and you have people talking about your cleavage or you are sarah palin and have people saying how are you going to be vice president when you have so many children do you want to run and i mean, how often is a male candidate running and you hear members of the media say look at

that fat belly and comb over. it never happens. [laughter] have you ever seen that happen? it doesn't happen. >> you think it -- >> but you don't say it. when it is the female candidate it is is she married, does she have children, how was she going to take care of them? i've never read anything for example about anyone ever saying how was jo bonner than going to be a senator and raise his children. media happened. i haven't seen anywhere and any reports and that is another factor i think the women take into account when they decide to buy really want to deal with this. >> is it the whole issue kind of a vanity thing that we want women to have more power because we of course are superior in every way. [laughter] or what the policies that get enacted in washington be different if the proportion of women was, say on par with the proportion of women in the population of the congress was have female with the policies being enacted for the country be

different to you think? >> i think women bring an important voice to the table and i served on the recruitment team last congress and it was interesting when you talk about running for congress. just the issues that are on their minds are a little different because of women so often when they think about running for congress they are thinking about their family may be their career and how they are going to fit conagra's into all of that bill yet now as they see the health care issues, the economy and the challenge of finding jobs i see more and more women being compelled to run for office and figure not how to fit into already there full plate we're in the years passed a lot of women waited to be asked to run. they needed to be tapped on the shoulder. it was like two years it took the average woman to decide to run for office and i am excited right now that we are seeing more women step can another

point i would make is when you just ask people, you know, how they view women versus men in public office, they view women as being better listeners at a time when many in congress, many in america and congress is listening they see them as being problem solvers, being honest, trustworthy, willing to work across the aisle, get the job done. so i think those are all qualities that are very attractive to a woman candidate. we just need to continue to highlight that and what we bring to the table. >> can i get to an example there's a report in wisconsin and forgetting the senators and i think it is grantham, but they were having a discussion in the spring session about i believe it is wisconsin's equal pay act or something similar to that and so in discussing the merits or his in his opinion the demerits of the legislation, he felt perfectly comfortable saying if you think about it, and i am paraphrasing here but if you

think about it money is more important to men than it is to women so i can't help but think if there were more women in the wisconsin state legislature even if he actually thought that was an intelligent statement to make that there would be women legislators that can explain why in this day and age you can't say that to the single mother who was struggling to raise a family, take care of her children and pay the bills to look at her in the face and tell her why would sheeran it should be less important than what her ex-husband burns. stomach when she became the speaker in the first woman. the agenda and the issues that bubble to the top that she made a priority increasing access to higher education and making sure that student loans were more available and the amount of student loans increased making sure that we pass the affordable care act so that being a woman

is no longer considered a pre-existing condition and you can't get charged more than a man because of your gender which resulted in making sure preventative care for women was available without a copay and a deductible and wellman visits and affordable birth control. just the one fact that we have nancy pelosi, a woman as the speaker of the house of representatives drove the agenda in so many ways and had issues come to the top of the agenda that a man wouldn't necessarily and haven't throughout our history the house was led by men, not that men can't make issues important to women of priority but it's just when you are living through those issues every single day from your personal experience, and the things you put at the top of the agenda are going to be different than what a man experiences. >> you mentioned you worked for hillary clinton. you have a wonderful transition

in 2008 or the policy director in the primaries and the domestic policy director for barack obama in the general election many people would like to know. >> but i wonder for hillary clinton, was a different? did she have a different presidential campaign you worked and other presidential campaigns as well was a different just because she was a woman was that a defining difference in terms of the strategy she had to pursue with the way she had to be? >> we could have like six hours, so i think that there are a number of ways in which hillary experienced a different kind of presidential campaign than others as has already been mentioned. you know, she was -- her looks were dissected. they continue to be dissected. they will be dissected for ever in a way that men's looks are not dissected. i believe her treatment in the media was not totally fair every

single day, neither fair or balance across cable channels. and, you know, i think to the first question you asked their fins studies and analysis that showed women leaders tend to focus even who may not be seen as particularly running on these issues tend to focus particularly on education. in good times and bad, and so, i think that, you know, we shouldn't think that there is no difference in leadership. hillary when she was focused steve kuran and focused it on health care and focused on the issue she had the first universal prepaid program they

will resume and resonate with women but also women's lived experience help determine that they understand that when they are in the leadership roles. >> to go down the line with the panel when you think a woman will be elected president? machel, start with you. >> you know, really -- i am fascinated by the growth i have seen in terms of what women are capable of doing and i believe that we will see it in our lifetime. i don't know when but i firmly believe just as i have lived to see the nation's first african-american president elected i believe that while i am still young and still care to die of the gray out of my hair when we see a woman elected as president of the united states. >> setting of our real low. there are women leaders throughout the world, germany,

india, decades ago had a woman leader prime minister, brinton -- >> you say a decade. >> my hope is that -- >> i take hillary for her word that a democratic woman runs for president. >> what time line do you have? >> i hope that in the next three presidential elections we will see a woman become president of the united states. >> just adding to two years. >> what is going to be important is that we need to make sure we have more women in the pipeline of leadership all the way up the supply chain so to speak because that is what happens is that because of past challenges and discrimination in our image devotee through to cut through the good boy network, you know,

decades ago, it means that the default white geithner aa choice let's just take a few examples of president obama has done. we have seen his choices for the supreme court justice both women. so that shows young girls like my daughter's that anything is possible for them in america. when you have an opportunity i am only the third woman to chair the national democratic committee and the first woman to be appointed by a sitting president to serve a term in her own right and so it's not only one in that can take care of women. we need to make sure we have good men who have the ability when they are making choices and all things being equal conscious of the fact that bench needs to have some strong women who are well qualified and can build their skills so the bigger the benches the more likely it is that you have a variety of women

that could run. until then if it is just a couple if you have to roll the dice and just count on the moxie of one woman who's going to carry yourself all the way then it becomes less likely. >> we have ten years, 12 years. >> i tend to agree we are going to see it sooner rather than later and i am really excited that on both sides the political parties, republicans and democrats you see women and more and more of these leadership positions and on the republican side you see when governor romney piffle is looking down in south carolina, governor martinez and mexico you look at even where the women are being in a letter seriously for the fais prizm a spot for those are women in the next year in the pipeline you see the record

number of women serving on the republican ticket in the legislature's i was elected in 2004, too. i was the 200 woman to serve in the house of representatives. >> over 14,000 that have served, and today we are to be tendered 50 that have served in the house of representatives. it's still relatively new but what is exciting to me is that we are seeing more run, more get elected at all levels of government, and that grain to provide the pipelines that you see more better looking at the highest office moving forward. >> you are all such successful women here. i wonder if there is a piece of advice that one gave you when you were much younger than you already are now that you think has been really helpful, has been advice that you have kept

alive. >> and growing up on the farm, my dad was a role model to me as far as being involved in the community, giving back to the community he challenged me to do that for as long as i can remember. he said if you don't like what's happening, get involved, do something about it. get to the position you can impact what's going on. don't just complain about what is going on and that is my challenge, that would be my challenge to any one is just to get involved. work hard, sees opportunity when it presents itself. i was elected when i was 26-years-old. the youngest woman never elected in florida and i hope a younger woman beats my record at some point but when the opportunity presented itself there were a million reasons not to debate and that is what happens so often. so seized the opportunities when they present themselves and my parents told me my whole childhood reach for the stars

come issued for the top of your profession so once i knew public service was a career path that i wanted, that advice told me okay i don't have to work to elect other people, but the top of my professional life chosen to help make the world a better choice is to be the decision maker and just making sure that you work harder than everyone else because that can carry you so far. so many women. the reason that we are able to evidence further than we might is because you look around you and it's not hard to account for most of the men on one side or the other. [laughter] >> i have to say she took right to pieces of advice. what's fascinating to me within my career and now that on a overseas a relatively large organization, you know, the biggest difference between men and women is when i see their evaluations women are very self critical. they think of all of the reasons

they have not performed and the almost apologize. we have a little ranking system and the best when in all our ranking themselves the hardest, whereas everybody is like i am excellent. [laughter] and my big advice is exactly the same as debbie which is to share some moxie and it is a woman issue when you are strong and aggressive it is seen as, you know, can i say bitchy, zenas bitchy but to really advance, you have to share moxie and it is the case working really hard when you are young when they don't have the same networks it's a big issue in washington. so to overcome those networks we often have to work a lot harder. i was in the office longer than anyone else on the campaigns and

i worked in the white house i used to stay later than anyone. and they really showed that i was dedicated and committed the bye advanced that way. the dow was the reason i moved up the chain and when i would say kim women you have to take those opportunities by the horn and the demonstrate because, you know, it's not like the network is always there for you. >> what advice would you give? >> the advice i would give is the ed fais i was given by my parents and i would say the daughter of immigrants, first generation american in this country, and my parents came to the united states from jamaica which is a very macho male society. everything is for the man and their advice to me and my siblings was always number one, don't be afraid of competition. get in there and fight for what you deserve. work the hardest that you can possibly be. always be the absolute best. the one piece of advice my dad

gave that i want to share with all of the young women here we always say god gave my dad three daughters first then he got the sun so he could turn him into a feminist. [laughter] the one piece of advice my dad gave me and my sisters that has resonated with me he said always fear no man and you have to remember that, do not fear anybody. >> i wondered if there is someone in the audience that has a question. yes. >> [inaudible] my name is joe wan -- joanne. all of you have set high standards and reached places but i know you have to come at a point in your career you have to negotiate or confront them and their thoughts. how do you bring them into believing that you can do it and that you are the person that can lead your initiatives to the furthest?

>> thanks very much. who would like to take that question? >> i would go back to leading by example, posing in the small task that you are given you can do the job, doing it well. there's many times i've been given assignments that may be one of the ones i would have chosen on my own but going ahead and fulfilling those assignments, those responsibility. and with that comes the recognition that you do well on the small ones and it leads to bigger opportunities for you. in the course of my life i can look back and see where it has just been step-by-step where one door opens and it has led to other opportunities for me. >> can i address that also i came up to the ranks i went to college here and the law school and i went through the whole i'm going to go work at an old boys' southern law firm and i am going to make partner and i made a partner but i have to tell you when you go into that type of environment and i think i was

the second or third african-american head in the firm and the most at that point in time the highest ranking woman female attorney came to the law firm and was only allowed to practice law in that firm as long as her client was her husband's business and that wasn't long ago so i tell you that to say no matter what kind of environment you might be whether he is a washington or elsewhere as long as your work is always the best and what you are doing is completely unassailable, there will always be someone that comes from somewhere completely totally unexpected who will say this is the right person for the job even when you feel like it is the bleakest and you are never going to get ahead there's always somebody watching that understands it's a proper business decision to ignore whatever feelings they might have about your gender and get you the job. >> act like they equal that you are because i know we won our

elections in the same way that every other member male or female won their elections and when you are sitting across the negotiating table the matter who is, the hard work to make sure you commit to earns you the respect and you can't act like you don't belong at that table because believe me, they smell it and if a small and opening when you're in a negotiation chongging to get something done that's important to you, that demonstrates weakness. some get you have to have a mentor and it doesn't matter whether it is a woman or a man that you have to have someone who is on your side giving your advice. >> i think they've given a microphone to someone there. >> good afternoon. >> i am a student at the city university of new york. my question is how do you see the future of women of color and

politics especially latino and what are the center is doing for to encourage women to run for office and get them involved in more educational leadership and science and math? >> i think we have issues of just lagging. the asian-american community we have, you know, in the course of my lifetime for most of my life we don't have anyone running for any office, let alone win, so i think for a woman of color there is a time line, but that doesn't mean that we shouldn't be pushing and i think one of the reasons there is a time line as a part of an immigrant community in the first generation we are

often just trying to survive and make ends meet, and that means not being able to do the kind of public service that you need to get to run for office and as generations progress, you can see more and more people pushing i think debbie wasserman shorts is a great example was she's mentored a lot of when and cut a lot of women of color to run. she is always encouraging. she has been a great spokeswoman on this issue and i'm sure that happens on the republican side as well and i am just saying we need to have more of that leadership to ensure and we need spokespeople within our communities that really pushed for that, push people to get out of the sometimes traditional work forces people think. it's often health care or

business and move into this so people recognize that america is full of a lot of different communities as well should be american leadership. >> i'm so sorry that our time is up. i know we could go on but i want to thank the wonderful panel for joining us and the members of congress. [applause] thank you very much. >> we manufacture once we have a comrade that can see it is like an electronic eye than your car can see and help you avoid the accidents with cars with pedestrians and bicyclists you can see they might tell you.

♪ >> below of the stores that i have seen fail or stores that were open by people who were interested in having a business, not that they had an attachment to books or love of books. but they were business people. i think you really have to have kind of a debt attachment to the books to care enough about them because your customers will like them. they come because they care

about books. the international aids conference is under way this week in washington, d.c.. the gathering heard from dr. anthony, one of the leading aids researchers. he talked about the steps necessary to end the global hiv/aids pandemic. we also hear from the head of the black aids institute. this is an hour. >> to introduce our first plenary speaker, please welcome professor director of the

regulation of retro frye rule unit at the institute in paris and noble prize laureate for medicine. [applause] >> thank you. ladies and gentlemen, colleagues, delegates, it is a privilege and honor to introduce the first speaker of the first plenary session of the 2012 conference back in a washington, d.c. after 25 years. [applause] only one person could give this very first talk. a person with a real vision of

science and what science can do for public health. it's the reason why i am delighted to introduce this person, tony fauci. [applause] >> he is the director of the national institute of infectious disease at the nih since 1984. he has overseen an extensive research devoted to preventing, diagnosing and treating infectious disease. dr. fauci is also the chief of immune regulation where he has made numerous important discoveries related to hiv/aids and he's one of the most

scientists in the field. he's the author, co-author of more than 1,200 scientific publications including several measure textbooks. dr. fauci has received medals and awards for his scientific and putting the national medal of science for public service and the presidential medal of freedom. ladies and gentlemen, i am pleased to call tony. [applause] >> thank you very much for that kind introduction.

madame chair person, ladies and gentlemen i want to thank you for giving me the opportunity to kick off the scientific component of this international symposium, and to take the theme that is developed last night with great enthusiasm and to discuss with you over my time allotment why we now have a scientific basis to be able to consider the feasibility head the reality of an hiv/aids free generation. i want to start first by a little background. i love maps, i love the deep blue of the oceans, the refreshing green of the planes and the mountains. but when we look at maps many of us in the room in the past couple of decades, they have taken on a different complexion. the dreaded differential

indicating the different regions of the world with now 34 million people living with hiv/aids if you get the upper left corner of the slide, you see the united states or we have 1.8 billion people living with hiv and focusing 11 and uzi washington, d.c.. now there are a couple of issues about washington. we all welcome you year but it was 25 years ago that the international aids conference was in washington. i have had the privilege and the opportunity to participate in every one of the 19 conferences of the international aids society. but i want to play a little bit with you when we talk about what we shared a globally. like i said, i like maps. this is a map of washington, d.c.. this is where you are sitting.

again, the dreaded shane this because in washington, d.c., we have a prevalence that in many respects equals some of the pepfar nations. as mitchell said last night, it is the best of times and the worst of times. the worst of times as the prevalence, the hope for the best of times is as you heard from the mayor last night. washington, d.c. has implemented an aggressive and innovative program to have a major impact which can serve as an example and i will get back to that in a moment. but let's get back to the gist of what i want to do for love with you over the next several minutes. we want to get to the end of aids. that will only occur with some fundamental foundations commonalities foundations are the basic and clinical research which will give us the tools which will ultimately lead to

intervention, and then ultimately these will need to be implemented together with studies about how best to implement them. so let me briefly go through each of these with you. the basic and the clinical research. we have had a stunning amount of advances in the arena of the second clinical science which are delineated on this slide. i don't have time to go through each and every one of them with you but there are some that stand out, some as breakthroughs such as the initial identification cement our colleagues the demonstration that it is the ifill logical mengin buy if the colleagues. the intensive incremental, if that was a breakthrough, the incremental science each year learning more and more about the hiv virus itself as well as the pathogenic mechanism. this is a confusing slide

because i put on one slide about 30 years of a incremental research. and what we know now a lot about this virus, the primary infection, the austal legend of infection the immune activation, partial but never complete immunological control, colavita the virus replication and in the absence of devotee destruction of immune system. important if implemented scientific knowledge is understanding of the early events and hiv particularly at the surface where there is a vulnerability the host and for no the of the virus, and understanding that it is extremely important into both transmission and vaccine development. probably the most important of the accumulation of scientific advances is understanding the

cycle from the binding fusion insertion of its ore in a reverse transcription integration and then viral budding because each of that year after year has given the target's deval nobody on the part of the virus, and that's kind of the basic science that brings us to the next step, and that is the step of intervention, predominantly in the arena of treatment and prevention. let's start with treatment. i dug the slide out of my archives a picture of me and some of the fellows and students in the very early 1980's when we were frustrated clinically that beginning to make headway scientifically. i refer to these as the dark years of my medical career. but what kept us, myself and my colleagues not only here but throughout the country and the world going forward even though

we were much in the dark was realizing what people were going through in the community as stated by cleve jones and some of the films you see about what is going on in the castro and san francisco or by larry kramer and his play the normal heart describing what was going on at greenwich village. but things began to happen. the science lead to interventions. and if you look at the evolution of the treatment strategies, the first drug in 1987 have a glimmer of hope and virus goes down very little. it doesn't stay down. the resistance occurs. years ago by. it goes down further for a little bit longer but not enough. then the transforming meeting in vancouver in 1996 brings down the virus to below the detective level and stays there potentially in definitely coming

and we have a new dawn of therapeutics with hiv/aids that has transformed the lives of individuals. we have now up to 30 antihiv approved drugs by the fda. multiple class is used in combinations that have completely transformed but we can't stop there because there are still those that are not responding to these drugs coming and we still need long acting drugs particularly with regards to adherence. the results have been spectacular. i'm going to pick out a couple of examples. and this is a study from holland. i told you back in the dark years of my experience the median survival of my patients was six to eight months, 50% dead and six to eight months. now if a person walks into our clinic at the nih or any other place that has availability of treatment is young, 25, recently infected, you put them in the

combination therapy and you can look them in the eye and tell them that it's likely if they adhere to that regimen that they will live in additional 50 years. this is not only confined -- [applause] this is not confined just in the developed world because we know now in countries for example the cord analysis in ugonda the same similar results with the near normal life expectancy that's the good news. but then there's challenges. this is a very scary slide because if you look in the united states the 1.1 million people infected, 20% don't know they are infected. 62% are linked to care, 40% are maintained come only 36% on antiviral and 28% are suppressing the load. we must do better than that. we have the tools and as i will get to it in a moment, we need to implement that. we can take examples from the

developing world. but what we need to do is we need and we are doing it, have a care continuum that is seeping out, testing, linking to care, treating when eligible and making sure that they add here and in fact getting back to the district of columbia there is a study ongoing now with six cities, two of which are implemented to the confluence cities the south bronx and washington, d.c. where we are starting to see that this can actually occur if you put the effort and and i assure you will be hearing more about that later in from the colleagues. it doesn't always happen in the developed world and that is what people keep saying will this be able to get done? take a look at what is going on in rwanda where you have a community-based program with treatment was 92% with 98% tested at two years had

suppressed viral load. similar results in botswana. extending the intervention. what about prevention? combination hiv prevention. the message for this is prevention is not yet i dimensional, and we all know that. there's a combination that is comprehensive. on the lower level of these building blocks are interventions that are not necessarily biologically driven. we were implementing them before we even knew there was a virus and what it was. but then as the years went by, and supplied us. some examples briefly, prevention of mother to child transmission, the breakthrough study of 07 indicating that by treating the mother you can actually decrease dramatically now we treat others for their disease and then secondarily together with the mother's help the baby is born uninfected and can be breast fed. in the united states this is

transformed what you see now on the red bars the estimated number of hiv-infected infants. but in fact remember what the mayor said last night. in this city with hard prevalence there has not been a child born with hiv infection since 2009 in a city with high prevalence. [applause] that's the good news that 600,000 pediatrics infections were averted by prophylaxis but we still have a challenge. there were 330,000 new infections in 2011 alone. what about male circumcision? this is a stunningly successful intervention. the initial south africa, kenya and ugonda showed efficacy that in the confines of a trial would works. the real question is would work in the field? and as a matter of fact, uniquely this is one of the few

convention interventions that actually gets better with time because the initial result was 55 to 60%. if you go to the district in ugonda, five years outcome of the effectiveness in the community is 73%. topical microbicides, good news and challenging news because of the mixed results. the study approved the concept you can have a mandated intervention by a shell that has touched off of when you have a study of this study and the krepp study has been told us something. a biological interventions work but they don't work if you don't adhere which tells us why we have to marry biological of behavior. there is no doubt about that. [applause] we know that from the study which shows an effect the study

was discontinued deutsch to fertility and hopefully we will get the answer from the fact study. getting back to the long acting morals, the same thing has to do if microbicides if we are pleased the approach of now monthly use in the two studies were started this year which will hopefully bring a greater degree of adherents to show that efficacy can equal effectiveness. pre-exposure prophylactics again, next results. the breakthrough study with the recent approval by the fda both for men who have sex with men and heterosexuals even discordant couples are at risk. but there are some studies that show that it doesn't work. it doesn't work with certainty to some biological effects perhaps with concentrations of drugs. but importantly, add hints. again, hammering home to us the concept that the biological

efficacy will not be effected without adherence. probably the most game changing advance over the last couple of years has the treatment of the tension with the now very famous hp info to trial which reduced by 96% likelihood that someone will transmit to their uninfected partner if you treat early a great argument for getting people on treatment. before i go on to the implementation, i just want to mention that i'm telling you a lot of good news we still have challenges. we have challenges in the every end of the vaccinations. we have challenges in the reason of cure. what about the development of a vaccine? if we are able to plug in we will have a very robust conversations package even if it wasn't a perfect vaccine, even if it wasn't 90% or 80%, we

could do it. let's take a look where we've been with that. you are all familiar with the drc 144 trial. it is a humbling the trial because it showed a modest degree of efficacy. but when you wind down and try to figure out the potential, we find out that it's monmouth neutralizing, not related response against a very region of the envelope. something that the classic paradigm wouldn't have predicted. the neutralizing antibody approach is also very important, and in fact, naturally induces neutralizing antibodies. as few as they are and as an effective as they are and as late as they are of getting a scientific clue to identify them neutralizing epitopes on the envelope, which will do two things and you are going to see a parallel research going on, you're going to see structure based designs for a vaccine at

the same time the provision passively of naturalizing antibodies either by transfer or by gene-based factors you need to show if the neutralizing antibodies to protect other ways a vaccine could be moot. what about a cure whacks the transvaal and her colleagues a couple of days ago sponsored an extraordinary symposium about approaches to an hiv cure. the two general types coming either eradication, purging it which would be very difficult, or perhaps why it's called years ago a functional pure timoney meter enhancing the hiv specific immunity or modifying the cells to be resistant. i want to make sure that -- i know people in this room understand but others don't. this is not an implemented intervention. this is we extreme on the fundamental basic discovery level so that you can put an end to the hiv pandemic which as marks at us like a

epidemiological phenomena without killing anybody come and you can cure a few people without putting an end to the hiv pandemic so this is a scientific challenge. let's go on to implementation. we have been able to implement for what we've discussed over the last day or so the extraordinary affect of the pepfar program, the global fund philanthropy such as the bill and melinda gates foundation, the clinton foundation, but importantly recently the assumption by the host countries of their own response will become and this has really been very important. so i want to take a look at this. just a couple of minutes of this. what happens when you take an efficacious clinical trial based scientific observation and you try to scale without regionally or locally to see if it becomes effective. there are many examples. i'm just going to give you a

few. what about the positive effect of scaling up any retrofire roles? take a look at the red dots which is a percentage of mothers who are actually being treated. take a look at the diminishing blue bar, the number of the percentage of children who are born of hiv. it works. what about the fact that if you treat people do you really save their lives? we now have 8 million people receiving antiretroviral some of middle-income countries, which in fact 840,000 age related deaths have been averted in 2011 alone. as the question what about the positive impact of therapy on the hiv incident? you go to a place you have 30% and another section where there is 10% coverage there's a 38% lower risk of acquiring hiv inflows high coverage areas. treatment as prevention works in

the field if you implement it. we know that scientifically. [applause] what about the impact of the voluntary male circumcision? again, if you look at the study in the district, if you take them on muslim populations who generally don't get circumstanced, and you increase the circumcision of to 35%, by 2011, you have 42 per cent decrease in acquisition of infection. what about co morbidities'? a garrey nefarious marriage between the two diseases. but look what art is doing for tv. it reduces instances. the best way to prevent tb is by treating hiv. it decreases it by 67 per cent. it has the recurrent read and it reduces mortality by up to 90 plus%. now, you are going to hear a lot of models over the next few

days. models can be complex and confusing depending upon what the assumptions are. you can model the scale of art, microbicides, male circumcision, and even stick a vaccine in there. rather than go through the complexities of the models, i want to talk to you just for a minute about a very uncomplicated as operational model. we know now that the incident is going down from 2.7 to 2.5. so, the slope is going down. notice and the lower right i don't have the date there because we can't talk about the date. but for sure the decline is not steep enough. so when you talk about scaling up the things that iraq and others have been talking about, this is what we hope for. that we will see a major deflection of the curved, and if we are fortunate enough to add a vaccine to that, this is what we hope to see.

no promises, no dates, but we know it can happen. so if you go back to what i've been saying about the science, today, in july of 2012, the statement that we don't have the scientific basis to implement is no longer valid. we do. that's the point. [applause] the critical question is what's going to happen because this will not happen spontaneously. what will require for the things that secretary clinton spoke about the responsibility of the nih aids free generation a lot of people come a lot of countries, a lot of regions have a lot to do from the country ownership. increase commitment by current

partners, involving new partners, coordination, get rid of what does and concentrate on what does work and remove the legal political stigma barriers. only then, only then will this occur let's get back to this dreaded math. i mentioned in the beginning of my talk that i have had the opportunity to present at every one of the 19 meetings this is the map that i lead off the meeting for. what i hope for over the coming meetings of the international aid society is to be able to start to show a map that goes like this and this and this until finally we can say that we are the generation that opened the door to the scientific endeavors in the implementation to an aids for a generation. thank you. [applause]

>> introducing our second speaker, please welcome ebony johnson ceo of the member of the athina that work. [applause] >> good morning. first as a woman from the united states, i am so pleased to welcome you back and to thank and congratulate the exceptional

and bold leadership of president obama who lifted the travel ban. [applause] >> but as a black woman residing in washington, d.c., we face the highest rates of hiv and where black women are the center of the vulnerability. it is a pleasure to welcome you back to be a voice and for this to be a call with action. [applause] ..

♪ lou: mexican presidential debate calderon is urging the united states to review what he calls are mistaken gun laws. in a series of tweeted this weekend offering his condolences for the colorado shooting spree he called on washington to reconsider gun control legislation. tell the rural riding, many of these guns are not going to honest american hands. thousand ending a bonanza of criminals. he leaves office of member after nearly six years struggle to crack down on violent drug cartels in his country.

in fact, more than 55,000 people have been murdered in mexico's drug wars since 2006. well, president obama traveled to o'rourke, colorado over the weekend to mourn what is a national tragedy. another tragedy is unfolding in the chicago. it is receiving almost no attention from the white house. over memorial day weekend alone gun violence

>> i am not asian pacific latino native american.

are the victim of domestic violence. i have never been to anchorage or bismarck. there is not the aids epidemic unless all are excluded. [applause] >> all that i am united states spans nine times the population of over 300 million people speaking 311 languages. you might think the united states has it easy but we have great universities and an entrepreneurial spirit

but even so we have unacceptable levels of addiction and mental health less. large numbers of people who suffer and our marginalized and stigmatize. one of the most confiscated epidemics, be face challenges to rely on unless since learned and challenges offering that possibility from all over the globe. 50,000 people being affected each year in the united

states. decrease from the '80s but the efforts have been stalled. demographically 25 percent female and those among transgendered between 14% and 59%. 34 percent white and 19 percent latino than 1% native americans 40 percent live in 12 cities. it is a concentrated epidemic. with the background prevalence of 3% with hiv

infections in 2010 the epidemic in washington d.c. is generalized. black men who have sex with men have an epidemic according to the national black gay men coalition and the black research institute and is regardless of aids from one and five -- 24 from may 2523. to chance. think about that. by the time he reaches 40 years, six out of 10 will be

hiv-positive. they aids epidemic is a tale of two cities. the best of times and the worst of times. the system works well for some of us. the rest of us it is broken. a message of democrats living the last nine years working six or seven days a week as a busboy at a restaurant. he paid taxes and obey the law. jovial and love to. and tragically 1995 at the age of 25 he died from

aids-related complications. friends pulled together resources to bury him. but what followed next is that his name was not what they thought. it was four of social security. his sister who traveled from mexico learned only after his death that her brother was gay and had aids. he had access to health care but denied the chance to live and die with dignity. another room was 17 years

old. it only took one mistake to become a personal reality. when his father found out to his dad went into the bathroom and shut the door. he eventually got to care. but he was forced to choose. working health care -- estimating how many people are a gauge from the continue wellcare from diagnosis and.

first 80% of hiv-positive people, that is not too bad. once people are often and director of our roles. 71% is effective. we can do better. we do a terrible job of -- job between testing positive and going on in retrovirus we lose 54%. we have some kind of contact. bottom line richest nation on the planet those more than 70% or not on treatment at all. that is bad for them and everyone else.

they are much more likely to spread the virus. the people doing work back at home who could not afford to come to the conference has to change that. people are showing us in this city a nonprofit organization group in black neighborhoods offer the hiv test. those that are positive, 95% are confirmed to to getting it treatment and care and services. [applause] rather than giving a paper referral it gives a personal

escort to go to a medical provider. they use new technology for risk assessments for the reinsurance program. also patient to follow ups like text message reminders of when they have appointments. something else happened to call the affordable care act better known as obamacare. [applause] now no insurance company can deny insurance with a pre-existing condition. you are sick or it crossed into much.

for people with hiv/aids this is life-saving. two years ago, president obama released the first comprehensive hiv/aids strategy in the united states. the united states would become a new infections that are rare and age, gender, race age, gender, race, ethnicity , social circumstance or gender identity have better access to life-saving care free from stigma and discrimination. [applause] together we can manifest if we do the following things.

first, fully implemented the affordability care act. [applause] this will of for health coverage to more than 30 million people who are not insured. a percent typically not eligible for medicaid is a failure at among low income gay men. but now everyone has a means to pay for life-saving treatment. [applause] this most important piece of legislation over 40 years has generated a lot of opposition. aids activists are in the forefront for any effort to roll back reform. [applause] we need to ensure the mantra

other than the legislation includes an annual physical combat hiv test at every physical including those for high-risk individuals. and viral loads for those living with hiv and treatment and prevention. [applause] everyone living with hiv must come out. with living openly and proudly to confront the stigma. [applause] but to demand for the essentials services. serving as compelling reminders of the hiv status. and two communicated as

possible to live the fall and healthy life with hiv. that is important. [applause] when you come out about your hiv status you save your life and others as well. my family is here this morning. when i was 24 i gave my mother and a book loving someone who is gay. she said why did you give me this book? i don't love anybody who is gay. i was right. i am alive because i have the love and support of family and friends. [applause]

but they could not support me if i aide denied them the chance to truly know me. not an "avatar" despite being on the mall this week but the lives better untold and unnoticed, we want our family is to love us and support us. they cannot know us if we continue to hide from them. [applause] i am not naive. it is too dangerous to come out right now. if we do others can join us later. we need to put emphasis

demand for treatment at as much as access. health care has been a shame. the united states the only industrialized country that does not guarantee health coverage for citizens but their medicaid and the ryan white care act we have a robust system of care for those living with hiv. but donate 25% get the care they need. health services are not meaningful, as their use. to many still believe a positive hiv test is a death sentence and a chevy treatment requires a fistful of bills everyday. we need to re-education and scions and literacy and are

made to link individuals to the care they need. four, it integrate biomedical and behavioral treatment of kurds. some continue to resist the medical the station but others have the tools as a panacea. neither is correct. the treatment and prevention are more powerful than we have never had before. those that need to connect close to deliver them and those who use them. they will not be effective and people are frustrated by the medical delivery service system and they give up.

if the providers are judgmental they understand our lives. we learn how to influence behavior has to put the new biomedical tools into practice. it is not either zero or but both and with behavioral change and support are all there. the whole history of the epidemic has shown us behavior and medication is necessary but not sufficient if they were the epidemic would be over already.

if biomedical intervention can lead us to the promise to end aids, but we must turn together. finally, aids organizations must retool themselves to a new landscape. the most community-based organizations look at behavior only. both have scientific expertise and fewer deliver health care services. to become a critical part with the affordable care act for health and social services many rest becoming wholly year relevant. but some have already begun

to retool. some are working to adopt the dynamic environment to ready itself for medicaid reform. it began as a small organization but today qualified with 3,000 patients. harlan united connected the dots between medicare and social services and. [applause] one man here today surveying 20 knows if los angeles build an infrastructure connecting prevention treatment science and advocacy. vienna star and cge is an

example of what it must look like to address the aids epidemic. i have good dream as a little boy what did you do when millions were dying from aids? the wise woman said i am afraid to wake up because i am afraid of the answer that it will be not enough. i work for a tiny organization is. we made close our doors next week but this week with our scientists, a journalist, we well drop every piece of information out there. [applause] my worst nightmare we will squander the historic opportunity.

this is what i know. the day will come when the epidemic is over. it is important to to know we're not all monsters or cowards. some of us dared to do that because some of the stared to love in spite of it. said caring, fighting, loving family live four. this is our time. this is our defining moment. together, we are great then aids. [applause] [cheers and applause]

>> >> texas congressmen and ron paul is retiring this year. running for president three times $0.1 a libertarian. he will take your phone calls tomorrow on "washington journal" on the

companion network c-span. and nick gillespie from "reason" magazine will talk about his recent article to phase out social security and medicare. wednesday morning.

>> allot of the stores i have seen fail were opened by people who wanted to have a business but not an attachment or a love for books. they were business people. you have to care because your customers are like that. day care about books