you do not like europe, we love europe. and i hope you will be able to come up with a program, finally. thank you.

>> clearly, this is a lively debate. we are aware of that. i don't think it is a bad thing. we are particularly pleased to be here today, but i now call the leader of the social democratic group. >> thank you, president schultz. >> europe, without grace, is something unthinkable. as a social democrat. greece is an essential part of europe and the euro zone. without greece in the euro

zone, europe would no longer be itself. and that is why we have opposed and will oppose extremist political speculations to our zone, europe would no longer be calling for greece to leave europe. i could quote what mr. varoufakis would say. or i could reply to statements that have been made by our colleague, mr. weber. but i would prefer to undermine the sobriety, the seriousness, the constructiveness of the president. who has for all of these months work to find a solution. a positive solution.

today is not the time for friends to apologize to each other. what is at stake is too serious for us to throw around with recriminations, too serious to turn this house into a football stadium. it is not a time for divisions in the house, in europe. it is a time for us to stand united. because the future is at stake. and we should be above party politics. what is it say to europe's future, which includes greece. i agree with mr. weber on one point. the most important institution of europe, the parliament, cannot have its president not taking part in the euro summit.

i would formally ask him to invite mr. scholz to his meeting. mr. tsipras, you are not a member of my party. but at this point in time, i feel i am a european. and as a european, i would like to save to you, for the good of europe, we socialists will never accept grexit. never. and recently, hope has been reignited. and i can note that everyone is chairing a constructive attitude. the attitude of heads of state and government yesterday was politics. and the political forces in greece are positive about a possible solution. i think the traditions are

there for an agreement to be reached this week. and it is now up to the government to decide on reforms, support for labor combating corruption, tax evasion -- all of these are measures that required, not because europe did not impose them, but they will benefit greek citizens. i think it is also right to discuss structuring debt. that is something worth a commitment in 2012, and it should be honored now. i think we should have a european conference on debt, and the pooling of debt.

i think and i'm concluding this is what we should be thinking about, trying to reignite hope in greece. that it is possible to be an median term agreement. i would say that those who read about these days in the future when it has become history, should be able to read that in this parliament and the european institution, amongst the greek authorities, there were men and women who knew how to put aside their divisions and rise above party politics. and enter into an act of constructive this to save greece and to save europe. -- an act of constructiveness to save greece and to save europe.

>> he has the floor. >> i should start by saying that something is rotten in the state of greece. but something is also rotten in the eu, too. in the beginning there was the original sin. today, we are seeing the roots. ladies and gentlemen, i have an impression of a piece that has been unfolding before our eyes -- nothing is what it seems. the greeks want help.

but at the same time, they want a free hand, not knowing the old saying that he who pays the fiber is to call the tune. -- pays the piper gets to call the tune. in the greece euro relations we have a number of final rounds of talks. the word final does not mean final. it means something else. we hard-core currency unionists speak about greece, and what we have in mind is the monetary union.

and the seeing it as the crucial point, they argue that you heard in this chamber, once greece is out, the entire construction is set to fall to pieces. either one or the other, ladies and gentlemen. so if this continues, i think we will be more and more confused about who and what we are trying to say. is it the currency union, greek society, the credibility of the government, the creditors? the reputation of angela merkel? or the infallibility of the currency union? we certainly, ladies and gentlemen, cannot say all of these. there will be casualties, i'm sure.

>> thank you. now, for the democratic bit. >> i say to him at the moment, european institutions have to be united. european council and parliament, if you are invited here, you are invited here for council meetings. mr. tsipras, welcome. you do not have to be afraid of european parliament. your refusal from the beginning, that cannot be true. you are here. i'm pleased you are here. it is in the european parliament that for the first time, we discuss no solutions possible. in the case of greece and in the case of the eurozone, when you do not have the backing of the basis of democracy and

european parliament. that is what we are doing today. but i have to tell you, and you started and said, it is true. the greeks did enormous effort. and it is true. the greek political class did not do enough. that is the problem today. and i'm angry, i have to tell you. i am angry because you are not do enough. talking about reforms, but we never see greek proposals for reform. and i'm angry, why? i'm angry because we are falling towards a grexit. already five years, with the help and support of the people of the extreme right at the

end, and not only we are revoking, we are running towards a grexit. it is not you and it is not we who are paying the bills. it is ultimately the greek citizens who are going to pay the bills of a grexit. and so, i have to tell you, if we want to avoid it, there is only one possible way. you know it very well. the only possible way is to come forward in the coming days, in the coming 48 hours with a credible reform package. i doesn't mean to say -- it means you make a roadmap. a clear calendar, no intentions that there are indicates for different reforms. we need them desperately in greece. that there are indicates for let me give you the five things you have to do.

let me give you the five things what you have to do. i will be ready to come to athens to discuss it with you. with you directly. what you have to do, first ending the system. you need to put together legislation for that on the table, that does not exist. not to apply yourself. a few weeks ago, 13 directors in the ministry of education have to be nominated. and by accident, there were 12. only one did not know. that is reality, you are using the system. you are using the system, you are falling in the trap. the party of changing greece and it is nothing at all but using the system for years and years to the own advantage. you have downsized the public

sector. i know it is difficult maybe for the leftists. but it has to be done. because 800,000 people. mr. tsipras, you have to transform the banks in a private banking sector. you have to open the markets and the professions for young people. we do not have legislation, but legislation on the table to open at least -- and finally let's and the proposed privileges and your country. the privileges of the owners the military, the orthodox church in your country. you like privilege?

very fine. they like privileges. i do not. the privileges of the greek islands. and the privileges not to forget of the political parties inside greece that receive money, your party receive such money. and that is, what i asked you, but all this together in a package and put it on a table now and in the coming days. i am pretty sure that from the european side, we are going to be ready to find a solution for debt. we will find a solution for all of these problems. it has to be done that way. and you can do it because there was never a prime minister in greece who has such a strong mandate as you. you have even a double mandate. you own the referendum. you are in the only position the only political leader in greece to put an end to that system. i say this to you, we also have

a responsibility. we have to make, and my opinions are possible, and we have to do it as fast as possible. also in the council, first things first. you need to come forward with a reform package. ladies and gentlemen, you have a choice. and that is my conclusion, the choice you have is very simple. how do you want to be remembered? as an electoral accident who made this people poorer in his country? or do you want to be remembered, mr. tsipras, as a real revolutionary reformer? i'm talking about the new one. the real one, between the two world wars, who modernize the

country. that is a choice to make. and i know what you people want, 80% of your people want to stay in europe. and in the eurozone. show that what you can do, you are a real leader, and not a false prophet. >> and now, the leader. >> president, prime minister

my time has been given to having yielded to other groups. i will be brief. this is not the time, given the crisis and given the disaster, which has become tangible and hit home, given the days ahead, at this time, let's not use this stage to demonstrate talent. mr. weber guy say to you very directly, to you, we do not need arrogance and anti-communism at this time. you can keep that. for other places, that is not going to bring anyone closer. this is not some kind of bavarian stampede. this is parliament.

i noted that you were very moderate and setting out positions from the european council point of view. that is how it should be. i don't want to suggest that something did not take place. people were saying enough, that is what they were saying. enough, we have had enough. they're saying we want to stay in the european union and we want to stay in european parliament, as well. so, do not listen to the hard lines on the creditor side. to keep your own ideological prejudices, and foist them onto a number of people. we have to do something now, as we look back at the history of

germany and europe, i think germany has proved with the debt, which was built up from the first world war, that they do not have to pay decades. they were still, they had issues from the first world war. and this is why there was an international debt conference in 1953 which laid the basis for germany to go forward. and it is about time that we look into the history books and we shouldered this responsibility to our people in europe. not to engage in one-upsmanship, that we know it all. i have a monopoly of wisdom, that applies to germany, whatever group they belong in. conditions have to be taken to find solutions that are sustainable.

not just give us short-term gratification so we can stand up and ask other people to do stuff. let's respect people in europe let's respect the decision taken on this. >> ladies and gentlemen, when yesterday i was preparing myself, i scanned the newspapers that i have stacked up for the last week in my office. as i always do, i don't know how things are going to pan out. that is the case this moment. on the top of the newspaper pile, last week's papers, there was a german publication with a photo. the portrait of a greek pensioner weeping, broken down standing in front of an atm machine at a bank.

that is the photo burned in my memory for this week. it seems to me that photo is some way to explain the reasons why 60% of the greeks who voted on sunday voted the way they did. and that photograph also captured some of the motivations of the people who voted yes. because the votes and greece were the response to the impoverishment of large swathes of society. a lot of people in greece simply cannot go on. and the vote was quite clearly a vote expressing hope for change, with reaching out to the european union. and that is a task before you, i think.

you are at an historic moment, you are the strongest prime minister in greece in my personal recollection. you have to be the person, sir who manages to provide the prospect of reform for your people, but in an orderly manner. the reform program of the troika has really turned reform and to a word you can only stand back from aghast. you might say i am naïve. but i am expecting you would come here saying to put an end to nepotism and corruption. i thought that alexis tsipras would come around here and say this is how i am going to go

about it with my people. so we want to have your views of a fair system set out, but you are going to present your view of a fair pension system. we all recognize that you cannot cut further low pensions, but how can we ensure the system is fair in greece? what is the future of the health system in greece? so you do not need connects for the indigents. a better future, so that you can ensure you have the europeans on side with you that is what we need. the cohesion that has been eroded over the last five years can be recaptured if you, with your people, talk with the

people of europe. i am not just talking about heads of state and governments. or some of the people today who are not terribly keen to see you being invited here. it seems to me you need to get into a direct debate with europeans. you have to move away from this erroneous policy of debt-burden. it is something i think we need to have a solution, not just for the greeks, but for a solution that can be applied to other countries in crisis. then it would be fair, then it would be european. mr. tspiras, i know that you cannot stop time. i really wish it were possible

to do that. but clearly, everything has to be decided this week. please listen to those who earnestly wish to see a european solution. think about it. because you are making a strong all for democracy. europe is vast, greece is part of europe, as well. they did solidarity, too. but democracy and i'm sorry do not match up. i wish you success. and i wish success for europe, as well. >> what we're seeing in this chamber and across the whole of europe is an irreconcilable difference -- a split between the north and the south of europe. european projects are beginning to die. nobody in this room would recognize that. but the people of europe are saying we were never asked whether we wanted this. this has been foisted upon

us. and we need to understand why doesn't work. those monsters backed up the clever dangerous law that if they put in place an economic and monetary union, that as night follows day, it would be a political union. but the acceptance, the north and south of europe would converge. we would also to love each other. we would all begin to feel the european identity. we would all begin to show allegiance to the flag and the anthem. those of us that criticize this, we were told we were extremists. and we lacked vision. one vision we did not lack them up we understood that the countries of europe are different. and if you try to force

together different people or different economies without first seeking the consent of those people, it is unlikely to work. and the plan has failed. it is not just greece, the whole of the mediterranean now finds itself in the wrong currency. virtually no one in the political arena as a courage to stand up and say that. indeed, i feel that the continent is now divided from north to south. there is a new berlin wall and it is called the euro. and the old indemnities are being resumed, just listen to the way that the german leader of the democrat group this morning attacked. it was disgusting, but show the way north and south feel. your country should have never joined the euro. i think you would knowledge that, but the big banks forced u.n..

goldman sachs, the german arms manufacturer, those of bailouts were french, german, and italian banks. they have a help you at all. these years of austerity, high unemployment, increasing poverty, none of it has worked. your debt to gdp ratio has gone from 100% to 80% right now. it would be madness, sir, to continue. you have been very brave. you call that referendum, when one of your predecessors try to do the same, brussels had him removed. they tried their best again. you have to leave the euro and leave the union. even mr. scholz, the president of the parliament you thought might be neutral, said that the palace supplies might go

down. the threats and bullying, research firm. but you cannot have your cake and eat it. they will give you no more, they cannot afford to. if they give you more, they will have to give other zone members more. frankly, if you have a current you should lead the great people out of the eurozone with your head held high. get back your democracy, get back control of your country. give your people, give your people the leadership and the hope that they crave. yes, it will be tough for the first few months. with a devalued currency, a friend of greece all of the world, you will recover.

>> mr. alexis tsipras, oppositions are different a whole series of topics. there is no question about that. we share the desire to give the protectionism back to the people. again, it is the interest of the bureaucrats. we were quite clear about the referendum. this referendum on austerity in greece means a return to the noblest kind of politics in europe, which is often technocratic. it is the institution, and drop the mask -- show your true faith. the horror, they have tried everything to win the referendum. there is moral pressure, the disasters that would take place on a no vote. we had this in france, the same

kind of thing when we voted on the constitution. and the president of the parliament is sitting here even dared to suggest that your democratically elected government should be overthrown, mr. tsipras. and the imf report was published on thursday, the groups have tried to prevent that. that reflected your view that greece cannot affect to pay the debt because it is unsustainable and must be renegotiated. and the european central bank finally tried to intervene by strangling greek banks. i think this is the first time in history that a central bank

has unleashed a completely artificial crisis. but the anger of the great people, vis a vis the austerity, the threats the greek people raised. they showed their true mettle. what people would have accepted what the greek people have put up with for five years? who would have accepted that the liberals who frenetically applauded the list of charges? would you except that kind of campaign? make a campaign for it. why do promised your respective peoples, 25% cut in wages. a 25% cut in their pensions. but that across to your peoples. they would love it.

a tripling of unemployment, the brave. live up to your promises. >> mr. alexis tsipras, euro and austerity are siamese twins. they are joined at the hip. you cannot get your people out of austerity unless you are out of the euro. i am in agreement that in a concerted fashion, greece must negotiate a way out of this clamp -- the steel jaw that is closing on this side of europe. all of the people in europe should look at what is happening in greece. and maybe an exit from the euro would allow for the renewal of growth. i'm afraid that greece will show by leaving the euro, that you can survive that are outside of it than in it. it is not irreversible, as you

have in trying to sell us for years. it is not forever. no, europe is not something that cannot be reversed. the first crisis of the euro was a financial one, and the second one is a political one. with people who dare to say no. you cannot hold this crisis, after so many mistakes have been made, it is high time to have a dismantling of the euro area in the countries and the area would be diminished. thank you. >> thank you, very much, indeed.

i would like to address you mr. scholz on your on acceptable words about the greek referendum. on what basis should the greeks look for another currency? with what mentality, what competence, what right are you getting involved in the political happenings in my country? i would like to address the german chancellor for what she has done, what the germans did to the greeks during the second world war. over one million dead. they starved to death. there was this huge loan to the third reich. of millions from these repayments which you are refusing to actually including the question of the debt. and so, you dare turn around and speak in this way? what about our lives, you are

thinking, mr. weber, should be turning to the chancellor of germany and asking her what is due? do you think the greeks will bow their heads when they did not during the slavery of the ottoman empire? the government now is apparently planning to pass a new agreement, new memorandum. we can exist and survive without the eurozone. the zone should unite or dissolve. thank you.

national cable satellite corp. 2015] the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> earlier today, defense secretary ashton carter and the french defense minister held a the news conference at the pentagon. they talked about coalition efforts in the middle east and u.s. support for french efforts to fight terrorists in africa.

>> good morning. good morning, everyone. i hope you all had a good fourth of july weekend. and it's a pleasure for me to welcome my friend, my colleague, maymy admired colleague, the minister of defense, jean-yves le drian come here to the pentagon. france, as you may know, is america's oldest ally. too short. >> i had a french girlfriend once. can you just hold it like this? highly motivated. >> let me start again and thank my good friend, my colleague my admired colleague, the minister of defense of france,

jean-yves le drian, here to the pentagon. france is america's oldest ally, and today our security partnership is the strongest it's ever been. i first want to thank the minister for spending our independence day new procedure he was aboard a sailing ship replicate of the frigate made famous in 1780 by its voyage across the atlantic when it carried the marquis de lafayette, the legendary general, and friend of the american revolution. in a sermon at a board of the ship on saturday, minister le drian commemorated the 70th anniversary of our shared victory in world war ii, another example of u.s.french

security cooperation. by a board in france's highest recognition, the legion of honor, american world war ii veterans, minister, thank you for celebrating america's birthday with us. thank you for honoring our veterans. and thank you for reaffirming our centuries long alliance. we just finished a productive discussion on shared concerns, ongoing operations, and opportunities to strengthen yet further our security cooperation. one area we discussed was the isil. i commend minister le drian and i commend minister le drian and france's commitment to the fight to deliver a lasting defeat to isil. a campaign that we agreed requires a sustained and long-term effort. earlier this year france deployed its aircraft carrier, charles de gaulle, to the gulf to support counter isil strikes, integrating seamlessly

with u.s. forces. the french air force, being the first to join us in striking isil targets in iraq, continues to play a critical role there. these are some of the reasons why france continues to be one of our strongest allies when it comes to the challenges in the middle east. we also discussed the france's persistent leadership in africa, particularly -- french operations there are preventing spillover of terrorism trafficking and extremism, disrupting al-qaeda affiliates, boko haram another extremists in north and west african nations like mali, niger and

chad. the u.s. military will continue to support france in these efforts with our lift and aerial refueling -- refueling capabilities. also gave a new security challenges to europe's south and to the east, we agreed that u.s.french cooperation is and must remain an anchor for european security. following russia's initial acts of aggression in ukraine france helped nato reassure our allies along europe's eastern borders. and we will continue to work together during my trip to europe i committed the united states providing important capabilities to nato's very high readiness and joint task force, vjtf. which france has volunteered to lead in the future. i've been working on transatlantic security for a long time, both in and outside of government, and i think

minister le drian would agree this is the best our defense relationship has been in a very long time. probably ever. and we are committed to strengthening it still because we are reminded by celebrating america's independence day, and by commemorating our shared victory in world war ii, the partnership between france and the united states has long been instrumental to building peace and prosperity for people here and around the world. we must ensure it will always be. i will now welcome minister le drian's comments before we get questions. thank you. >> translator: thank you, my dear friend. particularly happy to stand today in washington, d.c. after the celebration of july 4, for which as you recall i was in new york, which is a sign of the permanence of our country, including distribution of the legion of honor to 23

veterans who participated in the landing in france in 1944. this common history which is of course old but now has the quality and the actuality center mentioned it yourself our relationship has never been that tight for a long line tiger i can come from the. i thank you again, secretary carter, for your warm welcome and the quality of the exchanges we've had. we've always met in the past but it is the first time that we meet face-to-face center of arrived in the pentagon as secretary of defense. we have mentioned bilateral

cooperation which is excellent. france and the united states are acting together on many theaters. in the sahel where we are on the front lines where france participates in the coalition led by the united states. the deployment of the french aircraft carrier in the spring to the coalition as you mentioned yourself was testimony of his french commitment. we are also fully committed in reassurance measures for our allies in central and eastern europe, both with the air force, navy, and land forces. the tensions will impose on us to get closer and closer. we mentioned libya and our support. we have mentioned our support to the tunisian government. we've also mentioned the

cooperation of the training for drones, for instance, or the perspective of a strengthening of our spatial cooperation. i consider that our partnership, our mutual trust is essential if you want to face the security challenges of our time according to the tradition of the alliance, our two countries are very close and very frank at the same time. thank you again. >> we would like to call first on to "the associated press." >> mr. secretary, considering the recent uptick in spikes iraq and syria i was wondering if you could tell us a little bit about whether or not the united states is looking to increase in anyway either the funding of activity against the islamic state?

and whether you think, whether or not you asked the minister during our meetings if france would indeed start helping with airstrikes or other support in syria? and for the minister, mr. minister, i was wondering if you could address the latest news with greece rejecting the bailout and whether or not you think it will have any impact on national security in europe and on nato, and whether this may require any additional support from the united states for france and any of its counterterrorism? >> well, thank you. well, we are doing more in syria from the air. i think you saw some of that in recent days. and the opportunity to do that effectively is provided in the case of the last few days by the effective action on the ground of kurdish forces come

which gives us the opportunity to support them tactically. that's what we were doing over the weekend north of raqqa conducting airstrikes that limit isil's freedom of movement and ability to counter those capable kurdish forces. and it's very important that's the manner in which the effective and lasting defeat the isil will occur, when they are effective, local forces on the ground that we can support and enable so that they can take territory, hold territory and make sure that good governance comes in behind it. so we are looking for those opportunities and trying to trick those opportunities in syria. but it's a success on the

ground that occurred that explains the uptick over the last few days. french] >> translator: france deciding is fighting with the kurdish since the very beginning. we have declared a will in this coalition. this has been recalled earlier that we participate fully within the coalition, the strikes against isil. our mission is in iraq, and we are pursuing our actions permanently, regularly in iraq. i must say that what needs to be noted is that the size of the strikes, the repetition

allow others to block basis. we have not won yet. this action will be very long because also we need to train the troops that will need later on to ensure the premise of what we are doing. the united states and us. both in iraq and in kurdistan, but also in syria, so that the articulation between the action on the ground of the territorial force and the permanence of our strikes will give us the result which will not be immediate but will happen eventually. i believe in the determination. so isil can never act without

being punished. as to greece, your question is about greece, the talks ongoing in europe. it will be a very bad analysis to think the votes in greece are against me to put it was never mentioned on either side. the greek authorities are at the seat of the atlantic alliance, and we met our greek colleague a few days ago in south hall, so it is not a vote against the alliance or the west. they have refused financial proposals have been given to them, discussions as to restore. it is not a vote to get out of europe nor to get out of europe, political affirmation,

then there will be new discussions. >> translator: i had a question for both ministers. the murders last week -- against boko haram or nigeria itself. thank you. >> translator: the situation in nigeria is sometimes tragic when we learn what's going on and the events, massacres, slaughter of children and women. sometimes nigeria, sometimes elsewhere, and chad. this situation is one of the first security problems that we have. we talked about it. what is the situation? remember me 24 the summit in

paris which he gathered had estates -- had estates of the country, nigeria, chad cameroon and the president of the republic went to cameroon. what i've noticed is that countries in the region decided to implement their own security with a mix of multinational force, to which we are bringing support both through intelligence. we have created a center for that. since the beginning of the year.

i went there on january 1, and opened up come if you want, the intelligence unit which is a unit for coordination and liaison in the sector of intelligence where we are present with our british friends. and then there's the interpretation of unit of staff for the multinational force, which is going to be deployed with a strategic part, a tactical part, the president well, he's decided to go much further than before. so we have this mixed multinational force and our support them both in intelligence and logistics. i think that africans now are taking charge of their own security with our support. this should allow us to attack to respond boko haram and to reach progressively at the situation where we can eliminate boko haram.

this is what we are tending to all of this actually. >> i think it's a sign of our closest but it will have a lot to add to that. to what the minister said. the governments of the region are responding to boko haram and we are supporting them. we do that together. the french have been leaders in that part of africa in a very admirable way. we support them as well as supporting governments in the region directly. and, finally, the minister mentioned intelligence and the sharing of other information and that's something yet again we discussed this morning. you even as i said our cooperation overall with friends in the security sector has never been stronger, that's

true of theassuring of military information and intelligence information. and we took some actions this morning to increase that get further. the minister mentioned remotely-piloted aircraft as one example of that in his statement, and so that was one of the things we discussed today, and it's applicable to africa. but i just want to commend the french on what they've been doing there. we have in place to support them and admiring their leadership. >> mr. secondly, i wanted to take you back to raqqa. the strikes you spoke about, what specific impact the uss now that they've had on the isis leadership in and around raqqa? did you get any high-value targets? the kurds are still of course some 30 kilometers outside this

-- you are able to strike targets in populated areas. so what has changed about your intelligence picture? what specific impact you have? and on al-baghdadi, since you can't put troops come at the french as at the french is welcome to put troops on the ground in syria and especially in raqqa, as you edge closer to raqqa for what is the message for bagdadhi? is a disciplinary commission because you can't have any realistic hope of capturing him? >> well, the opportunities we are pursuing in the last few days, the specific tactical opportunities were not individuals per se. it with a freedom of movement of isil and disability to counter the offenses of the

ybg. namely with local forces, nominating targets. we validate those targets including validating there will not be damage to innocent civilians associate with strike and then we take the strike. with respect to leadership. damage to innocent civilians associated with strike, and then we take the strike. with respect to leadership, the subject of these particular tactical opportunities that rose over the weekend north of rock we continue to take action and will and you to take action against isil leaders whenever we have the opportunity to do so, and also taking into account our can in ewing restraint when it comes to anything that could involve damage to civilians. reporter: what is your assessment now since you do not put troops on the ground in syria? sec. carter: well, we are able

to target individuals currently. we have, we do, and we had an opportunity to go after back baghdadi, if that opportunity presented itself, and we look for that opportunity, we would certainly take it. >> troops on the ground in syria -- sec. carter: we target the air every single day in syria tactical targets including leadership targets. we have been doing that for months and months now. >> gulliver fenwick from "france 24." gulliver: tell us the reasons

why france may not be committed to syria? is of the difference between you and your american counterpart? minister le drian: i am not going to make any comments about the strikes that the u.s. air force made. mr. carter just explained it to you, and i will not make any comments on that. as to our choice and our presence, it has been explained many times. it is the will of france to intervene in the coalition, and we do it in a very large way, in a very regular way to block what i call myself the terrorist army that isil has become. it is no longer a terrorist group -- it has become a terrorist army. it acts as a classical army but

also to have operations in urban areas and terroristic operations. they can do all three at the same time. the repetition of interventions allows us to stabilize -- not to win, but to stabilize the situation. remember, the coalition has intervened at a time when we thought that isil was about to seize baghdad. it is not the case, it will not be the case, it is a long-term job, and mr. carter repeated it. there should be sufficiently trained forces on the ground with the support, the air support of the coalition in order to retake the territories that have been lost to isil. we are in this logic. >> thank you, everybody. sec. carter: thank you. i look forward to seeing many of

you this afternoon. >> today, house ways and means committee chair paul ryan talks about international trade, tax it was and the u.s. economy evidence holds data by politico. our live coverage starts at 8:00 a.m. eastern on c-span two2. >> conservative pollster and

author of the "selfie vote," k risten solis anderson. kristen: when we take a look at where people's eyeballs were going be safe, it used to be people were focused on a television, so political advertising became very focused on ads. the technology has changed, so when you walk into a room of not just 20-year-olds but 60-year-olds, what are they looking at? they are looking at their phone. so understanding the future of what political advertising is going to look at, whatever the latest game is -- kennedy crush may be fading in popularity, but there is always something new that is -- candy crush may be fading in popularity, but there is always something new that is popping up. finding this is really important. >> on c-span's "q&a."

>> yesterday the new york stock exchange, united airlines, and the "wall street journal" website all experienced computer malfunctions that disrupted normal operations. oh my security secretary jeh johnson that the u.s. is not any evidence that these were related in any way or were caused intentionally. he also talked about the recent data breach that compromised the personal records of millions of federal workers. this is just under one hour. andrew good afternoon, ladies : and gentlemen, and welcome to the national center for

strategic and international studies. i am senior vice president for external relations. i'm standing in for john, who is traveling. a couple of housekeeping announcements. first, we have to do this, the smokey the bear thing. if there is an emergency, we have blue jackets outside who will direct you to the way out. we don't expect there to be an emergency, but we have to say that. so will be very easy to spot where to go if there is. second, at the end of the program today, please stay in your seats until the secretary can leave. but then -- and this is a little unusual -- please leave as soon as you can. [laughter] we happened to have another secretary visiting today, the secretary general of the communist party of vietnam. who is following, so thus we have pretty high security here, a couple

high-security events in a row. we do a lot of events at csis, as you know, but this is a bit of a juggling act today. with that, it is my pleasure to welcome my colleague, the very distinguished and honorable sean o'keefe. sean is former secretary of the navy, former director of nasa, and being a tulane graduate, i feel compelled to say former chancellor of lsu, and he is actually wearing lsu tigers today, so go tigers. sean is here at csis as a senior advisor with the maxwell school. some of my favorite people are in the front row. judge webster, mr. hand so good , to see you all. thank you for being here. with that, i would like to produce the honorable sean o'keefe. [applause] mr. o'keefe: thank you, andrew. i appreciate the opportunity to be here to moderate this particular session on such an

important occasion. while some of that may be in reference to this morning's event, which we will hear more from the secretary in a minute i think the other thing we need to reflect on a bit is we just emerged from yet another uneventful national holiday this past weekend, with absolutely no incidents whatsoever. yet the reason for that is not accidental. it is a consequence of the diligence of extraordinary people, thousands of them on our behalf, who dedicate themselves to assuring that freedom to do the kinds of things that we did this past weekend, celebrating the birth of this nation, and also to recognize the extraordinary opportunities we have because of what they do. they get virtually no recognition for those nonevents. the gentleman who represents all

of them here is a distinguished public servant who has spent a considerable period of his professional life in public service. having started, certainly being involved as a professional attorney, he has risen through a number of different positions as the general counsel of the air force, the assistant u.s. attorney of the southern district of new york, as the general counsel of the defense department, prior to becoming the secretary of homeland security. he is the fourth to occupy that particular capacity. in each of these roles, he has distinguished himself as an exemplary public servant who has focused on the challenges of the kinds of jobs and issues that ultimately have been brought to head in this capacity, protecting all of us as the secretary of the department of homeland security. the honorable jeh johnson. [applause]

secretary johnson: thank you very much, sean. can everybody hear me? ok. thank you very much. it's great to be back here at csis. thank you for allowing me to speak here today. i want to open my remarks by talking about today's events. the topic of this speech is cyber security. related to cyber security, it appears that today we had system malfunctions at united, at the new york stock exchange, and the "wall street journal." i have spoken to the cfo of united myself. it appears, from what we know at this stage, that the malfunctions at united and the stock exchange were not the result of any nefarious actor.

we know less about the "wall street journal" at this point, except that their system is up again, as is the united airlines system. cyber security is a top priority for me, for the president, and for this administration. it is my personal mission to significantly enhance the department of homeland security's role in the cyber security of our nation. today i provide a status report on our efforts for the federal/civilian, dot-gov world in particular. i also emphasize the importance of passing new cyber security legislation, and soon, in this congress. i applaud the congress for their bipartisan efforts so far. i will begin this speech like i

end most of them. i tell audiences that homeland security is a balance. a balance between basic physical security and the freedoms we expect as americans. as i have said many times, i can build you a perfectly safe city, but it will look like a prison. we can build more walls, install more invasive screening, interrogate more people, and make everyone suspicious of each other, but not at the cost of we ho we are as a nation of people who cherish privacy, value the freedom to travel in associate and celebrate our diversity. the same is true of cyber security. cyber security involves striking a balance. i can build you a perfectly safe e-mail system, but your contact will be limited to about 10 people. and you will be disconnected

entirely from the internet and the outside world. this, too, would be like a prison. the reality is we live in an interconnected, networked world. cyber security must be a balance between the basic security of online information and the ability to communicate with and benefit from the networked world. in the meantime, the reach of the internet is growing at an exponential rate. today, there are more connected devices than human beings on the planet. in just five years, the number of devices connected to the internet is estimated to exceed 50 billion. at the same time, cyber threats are increasing in frequency, scale, sophistication, and severity. the ranges of cyber threat actors, methods of attack, and targeted victims are also expanding. this affects everyone, both in

government and the private sector, across the country and across the globe. not a week goes by without a news report of another organization being hacked. these threats come from a range of actors, including nationstates with highly sophisticated capabilities profit-motivated criminals, and ideologically-motivated hackers or extremists. in the case of the breach of the office of personnel management a large amount of highly personal and sensitive information was taken by a very sophisticated actor. we have determined that federal personnel rectors were in fact taken by this actor. dhs, the fbi, and the nsa have also determined opm's system containing information was

compromised. opm provided notice to approximately 4.2 million people impacted by the data breach involving employee personnel records. opm is still working with an interagency team to address the total number of people affected by the breach involving security clearance background investigation information. the opm breach also remains the subject of an ongoing investigation. we have strong evidence about the identity of the actors behind the breach. as the dni said last week, there is a "leading suspect," but we are not prepared to publicly identify those actors at this time. to be frank, our federal cyber security is not where it needs to be. but we have taken and are taking accelerated and aggressive action to get there. in response to the opm breach, on june 12, the white house announced the establishment of a cyber security sprint team

comprised of omb, nsa, dhs, and dod personnel to conduct a 30-day review of the federal government's cyber security policies, procedures, and practices. on a re-prioritized basis, we are deploying teams to assess the highest value systems across the federal/civilian government and hunt for and remove ever adversaries identified in the system. this response to the opm breach is part of a much broader federal cyber security effort that has been underway for some time. there is a great deal that has been done and is being done now to secure our networks. we do in fact block a large number of intrusions, including those by state actors.

but we can and must do more. as i've said before, congress can help. by law, each head of the federal department or agency is primarily responsible for his or her own cyber security. the department of homeland security has overall responsibility for protecting federal civilian systems from cyber threats, helping agencies better defend themselves, and providing response teams to assist agencies during significant incidents. national security systems such as those used by the military and the intelligence community are secured by the department of defense and the dni. there is no one silver bullet for cyber security. the key is to install multiple layers of protection to best secure our networks. the department of national security integration system is

the u.s. government's 24/7 hub for cyber security information sharing, incident response, and coordination. 13 u.s. departments and agencies and 16 private sector entities have regular dedicated liaisons, while over 100 private sector entities collaborate and share information with the nkik on a routine basis. given the central importance to the dhs mission, i have elevated it within our structure so it's s leaders have a reporting relationship directly to me. they share information on cyber threats and incidents and provides on-site assistance to victims of cyber issues. in this fiscal year alone, they have shared over 6000 alerts and warnings and responded on-site to 32 incidents. over double the number of on-site responses for the entire prior year. it is also the place where we

manage the einstein system. einstein is the first basic layer of protection. we provide at the network perimeter at each federal civilian department and agency. einstein consists of three einstein one and two sit at the perimeter of the agency networks. einstein one observes and records basic information about all activity entering and exiting an agency network. it is like a recording camera sitting on the perimeter fence to be reviewed when or if a certain individual enters or exits the compound. einstein two detects known prohibited adversaries that have entered or exited and alerts us to them. einstein one and two detect and

identify malicious activity. we share that information with all departments and agencies. this affords those agencies the opportunity to take appropriate actions to protect themselves. by the end of 2005, einstein one and two were deployed to protect only three federal agencies. today, both protect all federal civilian traffic routed through a secure gateway to the internet. then there is einstein three accelerated, also known as e3a. e3a resides with internet service providers serving the federal government. e3a has the capacity to both identify and block known malicious traffic. like the system that protects the department of defense, one key value of e3a is that it is an intrusion detection and protection system that uses classified information to protect unclassified information.

e3a was first employed in 2013. by december 2014, e3a protected 237,414 department personnel. today a protects over 931,000 federal personnel, or approximately 45% of the federal civilian government. i have directed that dhs make e3a fully available to all federal departments and agencies and have challenged us to make aspects of e3a available to all federal civilian departments and agencies by the end of 2015. e3a has demonstrated its value. since its introduction, e3a has blocked over 550,000 requests to access potentially malicious websites. these attempts are often associated with adversaries who are already on federal networks, attempting to communicate with

their home base and steal data from agency networks. importantly, einstein 3a is also a platform for future technologies and capabilities to do more. this includes technology that will automatically identify suspicious internet traffic for further inspection. even if we do not already know about the particular cyber security threat. as an additional line of defense, the department of homeland security helps federal agencies identify and fix problems in near real-time using continuous diagnostics and mitigation programs, or cdm, as we call it. once fully deployed, cdm will monitor networks internally for vulnerabilities that could be exploited by bad actors. that have reached the perimeter.

cdm will allow them to identify prioritize, and fix the most significant problems first. it will also provide dhs with situational awareness about government wide risk for the broader or cyber security mission. cdm is divided into three phases. the first phase, being deployed now, checks to ensure that all computers and software on agency networks are secure. the second phase will be monitoring users of agency networks and ensure they do not engage in unauthorized activity. the third phase will assess activity happening inside agency networks to identify anomalies and alert security personnel. to date, we have made the first phase of cdm available to eight agencies, covering 50% of the federal civilian government. i have directed and we expect that dhs make the first phase of cdm pools available to 97% of the federal civilian government

by the end of this fiscal year. i'm also requesting authorization from congress to provide additional funding to speed up cdm phase two. as our detection methods continue to improve, more of them will come to light. in fact, opm was able to detect the recent breach as a direct result of implementing new tools and best practices recommended by dhs. as we are able to see unblock more events, we will thereby identify more malicious activity and frustrated and never cherries attempts to access -- and the various nefarious attempts to access sensitive information and

systems. nkik also provides on-site assistance to federal agencies as well as private companies operating critical infrastructure. we in effect may cast calls. when an incident like the opium opm breach occurs, it helps us find the adversary, drive them out, and restore service. it also coordinates responses to significant incidents when other government agencies give them the information they need to respond effectively and ensure unity of effort. by the authority given to me by congress and the federal information security modernization act of 2014, i can now as secretary of homeland security issue binding operational directives to federal departments and agencies. a binding operational directive is a direction to agencies to mitigate a risk to their information system. i issued the first binding operational directive on may 21 of this year. this directive required agencies to properly fix critical vulnerabilities identified by our program on their networks. we know that we must drive change from the top.

thus, working with omb, we notified departments and agency heads so they are aware of the status of their own agency efforts to comply with my directive. department and agencies responded quickly and have already reduced critical vulnerabilities covered by the binding operational directives by more than 60%. next, information sharing is also fundamental to achieving our mission. in order to sufficiently address the rapidly evolving threats to our cyber systems, we must yield be able to share cyber information as quickly and in as close to real time as possible. to accelerate the speed and expand the breadth of information sharing, we are taking three actions. first, we are supporting the development of information

sharing and analysis organizations, as called for in the president's executive order 13691, which he signed on february 13 of this year. next month, we will as directed by the president select the organization that will develop best practices. by supporting the development, we want to help companies regardless of size, location, or sector share information with their peers and with the department of homeland security. second, i have directed an aggressive schedule for deployment of next-generation information sharing techniques. dhs itself now has a system to automate sharing of cyber threat indicators, and we are working to share those capabilities across the federal government and across the private sector so we can send and receive information in near real-time. one agency is already receiving cyber threat information via this automated system over a month ahead of the original schedule. we expect multiple agencies and

threat sector partners will begin sharing and receiving information through this automated system by october of this year. third, we are working closely with other agencies of our government to stand up to cyber threats, intelligence integration centers, or ctiic. it provide timely a for mission to share with our partners. finally, there is more congress can do. congress has a role in cyber security to ensure that we have adequate resources and budget and the legal authority to pursue our mission. last year, in addition to passing the federal information security monitoring act, congress gave us the ability to -- and codified the role of

nccic as a federal interface. but there is more congress can do. the recent breaches in cyber security demonstrate years and see of acting now. we appreciate the good bipartisan work on cyber security legislation now underway in congress. we believe there should be three basic things in any cyber legislation. first, congress should expressly authorize the einstein program. this would eliminate any remaining legal obstacles to its deployment across federal government. the house has passed hr1731, which accomplishes this by ensuring agencies understand they are legally permitted to disclose network traffic to dhs for narrowly tailored purposes. second, we must incentivize the private sector to share in a cyber threat indicators with the

federal government in a manner that provides protection from civil and criminal liability for private entities that share threat indicators with us and protects privacy. third, we need a national data breach reporting system in lieu of the existing patchwork of state laws on the subject and enhance criminal penalties for cybercrime. in the meantime, as i have described above here, we are moving forward. as we improve our defenses cyber adversaries will continue to improve their own efforts to break through. this problem is not unique to the government. it is shared across the global cyber security community. our adversaries are constantly evolving. so must our tools to combat them. we cannot detect and stop every single intrusion. that is not news. so often the most sophisticated actors penetrate the gate because they know they can count on a single user letting his

guard down to an act of spearfishing. but my message today is we have increased and will continue to increase the instances in which attempted intrusions are either stopped at the gate or rooted out from inside the system before they cause damage. we are taking action. we are aggressively strengthening our defenses. we are accelerating the deployment of the tools we have and working to bring new ones online. thank you very much. [applause] mr. o'keefe: thank you, sir. appreciate that. secretary johnson: thank you mr. secretary. mr. o'keefe: thank you, mr. secretary. secretary johnson: secretary of the navy is a lot cooler job. [laughter] mr. o'keefe: yeah, but you had

the coast guard. that is one of the tops in my book, the coast guard. secretary johnson: i did not have aircraft carriers. sean, can i take a liberty and recognize the admiral and director? i saw your portrait. thank you for being here. mr. o'keefe: outstanding. it's a great pleasure to see you. absolutely, thank you all for being here. it was an extraordinary commentary, mr. secretary, that you offered on a variety of different elements of the cyber challenge. how would you characterize the nature of u.s. vulnerability right now to cyber? secretary johnson: well, part of it is what i said at the end what amazes me when i look into a lot of intrusions, including some really big ones, by multiple different types of

actors, they very often start with the most basic active of spearfishing, where somebody is allowed in the gate, penetrates the network simply because an employee clicked on something he or she should not have. the most sophisticated actors count on penetrating a system in that way. which means that a lot of our cyber security efforts have to be rooted simply an education of whatever workforce we have. second, there are some really sophisticated actors out there with varying different motives. i think we all know them. and we have right now underway what i consider a very aggressive effort to raise the number of instances in which we

are successful in blocking the efforts to infiltrate the system. as i said in my remarks, we are not where we need to be, and i have made a personal mission of getting us to raise that bar to a better place. mr. o'keefe: fascinating. part of the commentary that you offered, too, in terms of trying to mitigate against this is to act as the primary federal department agency for the purpose of broader cooperation of information, the einstein system was the example. that has gained great coverage in the course of the opm breach. incidents. how so many of your team have testified as to how that works and how effective it is. it has been a very broad press coverage there that i think has educated the public more broadly to understand what the scope of that system is and how useful it could become.

beyond the point of simply -- i should not say simply -- beyond the point of coordinating this important information, it then highlights more abilities to each federal agency, when you look at the full scope of all the federal interests that have ascribed the role in the cyber security challenge, ranging from the intelligence community and the defense department, of course, but also the treasury department, through the fbi, a wide range of agencies all have a stake in this -- how do you coordinate that wide-ranging set of efforts beyond simple information sharing? secretary johnson: that is on us to do, that is on dhs to do. you are correct that there are a number of federal departments and agencies with a cyber security role. each agency and department has its own cyber security

responsibility with respect to its own system. but there are a lot of federal agency departments that have a broader cyber security mission and it's on us in government, most prominently the intelligence community, dhs, and the fbi, and dod, to coordinate our efforts to effectively partner. dhs is the civilian interface for cyber security. fbi has the law enforcement investigative mission. the intelligence community has their mission, obviously. but the way we see it and the way we are setting this up, dhs and the nccic in particular is the primary portal for the civilian private sector and the federal civilian dot-gov world. it is on us, and i have encouraged our people to do this, to effectively work with and partner with other agencies who have a role in this process to coordinate the efforts.

the nccic is essentially a multiagency entity. as i mentioned in my prepared remarks, one of the things that we are doing with considerable urgency is getting to near real-time information sharing. so when something comes in the door, we can do the proper vetting for privacy and so forth and get it out in automated fashion to the players who need the information. mr. o'keefe: and your final comment on the role of congress in this, i assume, is in part to highlight the fact that we are consistently looking for the authorities of the department of home security to direct the priorities to the appropriate challenges. is that a fair assumption as well? secretary johnson: yes. we got some cyber security legislation at the end of last year, which is good, but there

is more we can do. i'm encourage there is a lot of bipartisan support. the house bill, as i mentioned in my remarks passed by a wide , bipartisan margin, 350 votes in the house, for a difficult subject. so i'm encouraged by that. there is a lot of activity right now in congress. i'm hoping we get cyber legislation. it really is to codify our legal authorities and to encourage information sharing by the private sector. a very significant component of that, which the president supports is limiting potential criminal and civil liability for those who share cyber threat indicators with us. that was a big threshold to cross. we support it.

we think it is good. from my corporate lawyer days, i know how board of directors think. limiting liability for sharing cyber threat indicators is meant to be strong encouragement and inducement to help us in the cyber security mission for the country. mr. o'keefe: before i open up the door for other comments and questions, i want to follow-up on that last comment that you made, because you are far more aware of this than probably anybody. industries help us in various markets, widely diverse markets. they have been progressively making choices of our own to erect our own defenses and cyber security systems. secretary johnson: right, and they should. mr. o'keefe: before they go down the path to spend the enormous amount of money to do that because it is often varied and uniquely positioned, what would be your best advice to any ceo or board of directors prior to making those investments on how they all to think about going

about structuring their own defenses? secretary johnson: well, i will start with an observation. one observation is in the private sector there are companies and sectors that are very sophisticated when it comes to cyber security, then there are others in the food chain that are not. they needed a lot of help and a lot of learning. there are ways for some of the more sophisticated players to encourage the less sophisticated to do that. my advice would be invest in the latest and best technology. there are lots of cyber security firms out there that are in a position to advise. there are some good ones. but also, the key to cyber security, even if you have the best technology in place, is information sharing. that is where dhs can come in, that is where part of the private sector can come in and play a role. information sharing is key, even

among the most sophisticated actors. you cannot act in a vacuum. you don't want to be out there all alone. and effectively partnering within the federal government and with the federal government. those are the three tenants. ets as i see them. mr. o'keefe: excellent, thank you. secretary johnson: one other thing i'd like to add, sean -- mr. o'keefe: sorry. secretary johnson: you touched on this in the beginning of your remarks about july 4. very often, in public reports, we see a lot of concern expressed about specific events emanating from statements made by us in government. but very often we don't finish reading the entire paragraph or the entire sentence. and so i gave a statement the week before july 4, and it was

consistent with many statements i have made, which is the public needs to continue to be vigilant around holidays, public events but we encourage people to continue to go to public events, celebrate the country, and not be afraid. we are a free society. as i said, we cherish the freedom to associate, the freedom to travel, and we should continue to do that. the homeland security threat is definitely there. but i don't want to see people run and hide. i don't want to see people stay in bed all day. i think we need to and should continue about our daily lives participate, support large public events. one of my best lines is

that terrorism cannot prevail in f people refuse to be terrorized. i have seen just in my time in office, 18 months, when an attack occurs, americans whether oklahoma city or boston or the united states military, anyplace else, come back stronger. i think that is part of who we are as americans, and we need to continue to do that. mr. o'keefe: thank you, that's very helpful. secretary johnson: ok, turn me over to questions. mr. o'keefe: yes, ma'am? yes, that's you. jennifer: thanks for your speech and discussion. jennifer with the media group in china. the u.s. and china agree to further explore initiative to carry out group communication and coordination on cyber security issues. what are the initiatives from the u.s. perspectives, and are there any concrete ideas for the

next round of operations between the two countries and your expectations on cyber security issues, discussions in the september visit? thank you so much. secretary johnson: i went to beijing myself in april. i met with a number of chinese government officials. i have encouraged us to find common ground where we can in terms of information sharing. in my time in office, we have done that to a limited extent. but it is also a work in progress. i think we have differing views on a lot of fundamental issues and a lot of fundamental understandings about the nature of cyber security. so it continues to be a work in progress, but i think that a dialogue can be good and is good. mr. o'keefe: yes, sir? sean: sean weiler, i.t.

acquisition council. i have to agree with all your statements, especially the one about the urgency for bringing in the latest technology especially the networks that are much more secure than the antiquated systems. my colleagues at itac have said the up to me of that is the acquisition process. can you talk to us about dhs' efforts to speed the need at removing barriers to goals? secretary johnson: the answer is, yes, we are doing that. as part of our unity of effort initiative on my watch, which i announced and created last spring, we are reforming our acquisition process. and we have an initiative to do that, to remove a lot of the barriers. part of the initiative we have taken and acquisitions is

consult the private sector. in my professional life, i actually have lived most of that professional life in the private sector as a service provider meaning a lawyer. and so we have an acquisition reform initiative underway right now. it was recently formed. we have a terrific new undersecretary for management, confirmed by the senate of a vote of 95-2, who was my former client. he used to be the executive vice president for administration at johnson & johnson. in many ways, j&j resembles dhs. it is a large, decentralized conglomerate of health care companies. russ was the vp for administration and oversaw a lot of their aspects of their business. so he is with us now, he has come out of retirement to take this job. acquisition reform is part of his mission. mr. o'keefe: yes, please, sir?

dandaa: thank you. dana gallery with the rmt foundation. a number of senior dhs officials have identified the susceptibility of the signal to jamming and have called it a single point of critical infrastructure. can you tell us about dhs's efforts to limit that the vulnerability? secretary johnson: i am not in on a particular topic. i know we spend a lot of time -- we have an assistant secretary for critical infrastructure, and we spent a lot of time with critical infrastructure and those businesses we consider critical infrastructure on single points of failure and the like. we are in a collaborative discussion and exercise with

critical infrastructure on these types of vulnerabilities. mr. o'keefe: yes sir, way in the back? mike: mike hauser with senator mark warren's office. as you mentioned, dhs has the responsibility for protecting the government. what would you say in terms of the authorities that you have? i know you got some last year, but in terms of the department's ability to implement countermeasures, issue directives to agencies who may not be up to the minimum standard in terms of cyber security, could you use more -- secretary johnson: legally, each agency and department has responsibility for their own system. legally. i stress that my colleagues. we have the responsibility for the overall protection of the federal civilian .gov world as

dot-gov world as part of a baseline. as i see it, and we see it, will where we need help in protectin cyber security is making expressed legal authority to receive information from other departments in government. we encounter an agency lawyer, i used to be one. i am not sure i can share that with you. that is sensitive. we encounter that. we want the expressed legal authority to make it plain that when we utilize things like einstein, einstein 3a, it gives those other agencies are authorized to share information with us, to give us access to

our network. as i mentioned in my prepared remarks i issued what is called , a binding operational directive and may pursuant to some authorities we got late last year, which was quite helpful because that basically is a direction to another agency, here is your vulnerability, you must tell us how you are cleaning up your act within a certain number of days. that plus educating people at the top of the agencies, i think, was pretty effective. this was a good exercise. we will do a lot more of these. we saw that agencies were able to clean up 60% of the vulnerabilities we identified in a very short period of time. mr. o'keefe: yes, sir, way in the far end. >> [indiscernible]

is there a difference in the way the government has responded to the two incidents? and how we respond to future attacks? secretary johnson: good question. i think the only thing i could say is that there are many different factors that go into whether you are at a point at which you can, and should, identify the actors who you think hacked you. as i said in my statement, the dni said we have a leading suspect, but we are not prepared to identify who that is. the sony situation was a different type of situation. there are a lot of different factors that go into the calculations. it was in many other respects a

different type of episode. a different character, a different nature. mr. o'keefe: yes, sir? quite fine from the council of scientific society -- >> i am from the council of scientific society presidents. can you clarify in verbal form what constitutes the difference between somebody innovating from invading from outside the country, that we consider this an act of war, versus somebody doing more damage in the cyber realm? identifying the actors, knowing what to do about it -- are we going to leave this gray area undone, or will we start formulating something concrete around it? secretary johnson: from my dod

lawyer days, my view is that when you are talking about overseas acts, when you are talking about acts that involve state actors, it is less significant whether we characterize something as an act of war. more significant is the response be proportionate. not necessarily of the same kind, but proportionate. that is a basic law of war tenant. so, i don't know that we necessarily need to put a label "act of war" on something in order to respond proportionately. but i do believe that appropriate responses are important. mr. o'keefe: we have time for a couple more. mr. secretary, do you have time

for two more? secretary johnson: sure. >> i am with the naval post graduate school, and i had the privilege of working when they created the whole i.t. thing at the dod. what is your relationship to cyber command at the nsa? more importantly does it affect , all government, or just you? in the defense department, we were buying computers, aircraft carriers. secretary johnson: my acquisition reform is for dhs. >> so you have not done it for all government? secretary johnson: no, i am just dhs. i'm not all government. >> i get that. but the question is so much a part of -- secretary johnson: we can, and have, when it comes to cyber security at dhs recommend , various cyber security tools.

four other agencies. that is part of our mission. sometimes we even buy them for them. if you are asking but dod acquisitions, don't get me started. [laughter] that is a different story. >> but think about the size and the time. and what the cost could be as you have to keep repeating it. you want everybody to be doing that not just you. , secretary johnson: there are smart ways to do acquisitions in my view. not beyond our reach. i am a big believer in not necessarily going with the biggest, most expensive tool. sometimes the actor who is a little smaller, leaner, hungrier, can do the job better. i know that as a service provider.

we, you know, my department is only 12 years old. in many respects, we are far too stovepiped, the way the department of defense used to be. then they had goldwater nichols. in 1986, almost 40 years after their creation. i am trying to get dhs to a place where we, and a more collaborative fashion, function in terms of our acquisition decisions and budget decisions. in a more centralized way early in the cycle, earlier in the process. now whenever 13th year, not wait 40 years. that is what our unity of effort initiative is all about. mr. o'keefe: final question right here. ann: my name is ann

star i am formally with the office of inspector general. i have experienced both the dot-mil and dot-gove systems. however, i may be dissenting from the sublime to the ridiculous. you mentioned private sector partners and gateways, and how people tried to intrude upon various gateways. i wondered if dhs has communication with ebay. it appears ebay has numerous attempts at spearfishing , and i myself was a victim of that a couple of days ago. secretary johnson: if we are not, then we probably should be. that is my answer your question. [laughter] mr. o'keefe: on behalf of csis and all of us, thank you much for being with us. surgery johnson: thank you. [applause] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2015]

[captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> today on c-span, "washington journal" is next, live with your phone calls, then live coverage of the u.s. house. today they will debate bills dealing with medical research. and congressman phil roe on efforts to reform the no child left behind act and other education issues before

congress. then democrat loretta sanchez on u.s. strategy against isis and iraq and syria. then eileen norcross with the results of the report ranking the economies of the 50 states. >> good morning everyone. after 13 hours of debate the south carolina state approved legislation 94-2020 remove the confederate flag from the capital ground. meanwhile washington education policy in this country is being debated. the house last night narrowly approved a rewrite to the no child left behind law. over on the senate side lawmakers are working on their own right of the education law. that debate on c-span two.