on a cold, february night, a woman is kidnapped at gun point from her apartment. and held captive. >> she was in that closet for 57 days. 57 days. often without food and very unsanitary conditions. brutalized, physically and mentally.

>> mom, dad, i'm okay. >> a person is suddenly and unexpectedly held hostage by force and that person is scared beyond fear. they say they know they're going to die. their life is over. >> he said that i was going to be held as a prisoner of war. if i tried to escape that i'd be killed and that if i made any noise that i'd be beaten. he said my parents had committed crimes against the people. >> same person who took you from a normal life into captivity allows you to speak, to eat, to live.

and you experience something like being an infant who's given the gift of life by your mother. the stockholm syndrome can make you fall in love with the outlaw. >> the woman who enters the closet as patty hearst emerges as tonya. >> the latest pictures in post offices describe miss hearst as extremely dangerous and offer a $50,000 reward for information leading to her arrest. >> brainwashed victim or violent revolutionary? >> patty hearst was never a criminal. >> i think she was a revolutionary by choice. >> the two-year search for patty hearst through the eyes of those who lived it. >> i am a soldier in the people's army.

every now and again something happens in the culture that for whatever sets of reasons triggers a massive response throughout the society. and that's what the patty hearst drama did. >> on a cool, california night, a brutal home invasion targets berkeley sophomore patricia hearst. >> witnesses said patty was dragged screaming from her apartment through a hail of gunfire. >> the kidnapping itself was fairly violent. there was shooting at the neighbor when he came out. >> what did you hear? >> first i heard some shots in the living room in the back of my house and i thought it might

have been firecrackers at first, but it sounded peculiar for firecrackers. sounded really scary. >> almost from the beginning, certainly within hours of the kidnapping, the police knew that this was something beyond the ordinary. the stranger abduction typically now seeing the amber alert is, you know, kids playing in a park and some guy comes by and luring them into the car with candy and drives off. in the case of the patty hearst kidnapping, it was felt right from the beginning it was not that kind of crime. this was a fairly serious operation. >> local police call in fbi kidnapping expert dan grove. >> patty became what they called the lead coordinator. safe return of the victim. that's the number one objective at a kidnap case is the safe return of the victim. >> the victim is no ordinary

college student. patty hearst is american royalty. >> i think it is fair to say the hearst family was and is one of the most affluent families in the united states. her grandfather was william randolph hearst who was the publisher of newspapers throughout the united states. >> hearst really gave us the concept that the media could create events. we think of william randolph hearst virtually inventing the modern newspaper. creating tabloid culture. >> the hearst family in san francisco, northern california and california general was just one of those iconic families. most of all in the early '70s it meant money. >> patty hearst's father, randolph hearst, is the editor

and president of "the "san francisco examiner,"" the flagship newspaper in a media empire worth an estimated $500 million. her mother catherine is on the board of regents at the university of california. >> they were very possibly the most identify bring rich family to the public in california. >> patty hearst grew up in a 2 22-room mansion in hillsborough. she was the middle daughter of five and she was according to most people her father's favorite and the rebellious one, the headstrong one. patty hearst had refused to have a debut. she had refused to have a coming out party. she was really trying to get away from hillsborough and the wealthy suburban lifestyle it represented. >> she's really beautiful. and mature. just -- she seemed a lot older than a lot of the kids.

i think she was kind of stuck up. >> she was not a person that was interested in status at all. >> at 17, hearst begins a relationship with 23-year-old steven weed, a math teacher at her private high school. >> the hearsts were not happy at all about him. there was a lot of feeling that, geez, couldn't she have done better than that? >> they became engaged. they were picking out china patterns. he had a very contentious relationship, shall we say, with her parents. her mother considered him a charmless gold digger. >> on the night of the kidnapping, steven weed is at home with patty. >> they said absolutely nothing. they were -- they were very militaristic. they had it so well planned they needed to say almost nothing to each other. >> with no ransom note and no immediate leads, the fbi investigate patty's fee iance ad others close to the heiress.

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now the saga of patty hearst, at least the saga as we know it, began here at this brown-shingled apartment along berkeley's bienvenu avenue. >> at this time we don't know what the motive is. nothing was said at the time of the kidnapping that would give us an indication what the motives were. >> until this case is solved, the people who live in this student community near the university of california campus will not rest easy. >> just months before her kidnapping, patty hearst moves half a mile from the berkeley campus. a place where her name is synonymous with old california

money, power and tradition. but she finds herself on a collision course with another berkeley, and the remnants of a radical youth movement. >> turmoil is not new at berkeley. university of california president said it is part the berkeley tradition. >> this campus is on strike. >> at the time, i was running a program in san francisco on the local public television station, kqed, called "newsroom." we had been very involved in covering people's park war and the other sort of anti-war movement and all those kinds of movements that were percolating in the bay area. >> a small minority of beatniks, radicals and others have brought great shame on a great university. >> it was a constant sort of

to turmoil and upheaval of groups both white and black and sometimes mixed that were pr protesti protesting. >> it was one of the most divided, crazy, paranoid but still very intense and still idealistic times that i've ever witnessed. >> you may think that times are changing. things are not changing. people are rising up and changing things. >> as the '60s moved into the '70s, there was a cooling off. >> it seemed like it had calmed down, but underneath the surface, there was still all these little groups that were forming that had revolution on their mind. patty hearst and steven weed were by no stretch of the

imagination revolutionaries or even very political. all of her friends described patty as being somewhat disconnected from the major issues of her day. >> but on the night of february 4, 1974, the new revolution comes to patty hearst's front door. >> a knock came on the door. steven weed answered the door and was confronted by a woman who told him that they needed to use the phone, that their car had broken down. >> according to patty, the abduction is sudden and violent. >> i was in a bathrobe. i was really tired so i didn't cook. about 9:00, the doorbell rang. steven opened the door, and there was a woman standing there. all of a sudden, two other

people burst in with her. i was told to get down on the floor and was tied up and blindfolded. i started to figure out that i was being kidnapped, but it all seemed so unreal. i heard weed screaming. that really freaked me out more than anything else up to that point. i got hit in the face with a machine gun, but at the time, i couldn't feel it. i collapsed. that's why i had to be dragged down the stairs outside my apartment. i was put in the trunk of a car. >> there is always a sense that the police have the best shot at

a kidnapping the first 24, 48 hours so there was a real effort by the fbi and by the hearsts to have everybody not say anything. no coverage, no nothing. >> as investigators begin the search for patty hearst, her nightmare is just beginning. she describes in her own words a hellish captivity. >> they put me in the closet. i didn't know it was a closet at first. i was afraid. an hour, maybe two hours, they opened the door and spoke to me. he said, "we're the sla" and that i was going to be held as a prisoner of war, that i would be safe as long as they were safe and that if i tried to escape, i would be killed.

if i made any noise, i'd be beaten. he said my parents had committed crimes against the people. >> it's pretty brutal, when you think of it, wrapped up in the experience of a kidnap victim who is regularly being told that, you know, she is going to be executed, quote/unquote, for the sins of her parents. >> the brutalization which they exposed her to was entirely different than anything she had ever experienced before in her life. >> far from patty's windowless cell, investigators find a piece of evidence that may shed light on the identity of her captors. >> they had fired some bullets and they had cyanide tips on them. the cyanide puts out a particular smell, a sickly sweet

smell and so police recognized that right away. >> cyanide-tipped bullets are the calling card of a deadly group known as the symbionese liberation army, or sla. but now authorities believe they have patty hearst. man, i can't wait for darlene to see me in this car. you're gonna have the hottest car on the block. [ airplane engine rumbles ]

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i'm sal halpern in berkeley. there's still no word from the kidnappers of patricia hearst.

we sit by the phone and we answer them and we just hope that whoever has our daughter will turn her loose. >> as the hearst family waits for word from the kidnappers, the fbi develops a theory about their identity. >> the cyanide-tipped bullets were -- had become the trademark of the sla. they tried to put one at the scene of every crime, if you will. it was pretty conclusive that the sla was at it again. >> sla stands for symbionese liberation army, a radical fringe group of prison activists, feminists and vietnam veterans. escaped convict donald defreeze or cinque was their leader. >> there really was two types of people who formed the sla, one

of them was a group of one, donald defreeze. then you had the other group, which were followers. the followers were basically white kids from berkeley that were a little too young to have participated in the social activism of the '60s. they had gotten on the scene a little too late. >> basically, we are talking about people who got caught up in the politics of the late '60s, anti-war movement, the arm vietnam movement. a mishmash of things they had soaked up in political study groups. >> i don't want to slander jesse jackson, but they were a rainbow coalition of radicals. it was to be all peoples, white, black. that was the initial intent. >> they were lost in this world of distraction. if you talk to each other enough you begin to create a reality among yourself. inevitably more cult than political party. >> the group adopts a

seven-headed cobra as their emblem. they wear military-style clothes and promote the use of weapons in an effort to spark a revolution. >> the sla subscribe to this idea that small groups of urban guerillas needed to commit acts of violence in order to get the masses interested in joining the revolution. >> they actually believe that this was a fascist state, that, you know, a handful of families are dominating the world and certainly the economy. and those people are all-powerful. >> if the sla is behind the hearst kidnapping, it would not be their first violent act. three months earlier, they used cyanide-tipped bullets to murder oakland school superintendent marcus foster. >> one of his ways to kind of make the school system function better was i.d. cards for the

students. so this apparently triggered an orwellian fantasy among the sla people, and they deemed him worthy of assassination. >> marcus foster was shot to death outside his office by a trio of hooded assassins. witnesses described one of the three as a woman. and the next day the symbionese liberation army took credit for the killing. >> the murder of marcus foster was an unmitigated disaster. i am quite certain that these folks thought that there was going to be cheering in the streets after they killed, you know, a prominent black leader in oakland. they just -- they were floating in never, neverland. >> just one month before patty hearst is kidnapped, sla members joseph romero and russell little are charged with the murder of marcus foster.

>> i think the sla had no coherent political philosophy that made any sense. what they wanted was a revolution. >> desperate to salvage its reputation after the foster murder, the sla plans its next attack. >> after they were forced to leave their safe house and flee, the fbi found a whole notebook listing their targets for kidnapping and assassination. the fbi informed some of those people, but inexplicably, not others, and patty hearst was one of the ones that they didn't bother talking to. coming up, the world hears from the kidnapped heiress. >> mom, dad --

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i'm milissa rehberger, reports of gunfire near the syrian/jordan border after the assad regime was slapped with sanctions for the crackdown in syria. according to the syrian government the military wounded a woman as she tried to flee into jordan with her family. and time is ticking down for the occupy wall street. the father of 19-year-old patricia hearst said today that he hopes his daughter is still alive. another day passed without word from the kidnappers of the 19-year-old heiress. >> nothing really new to talk about except the newspaper report which the fbi refused to confirm that one of the

kidnappers had been identified. >> with the evidence pointing at the sla, law enforcement now believes that the same group who murdered the school superintendent has patty hearst. >> the first reaction was that since this group had been responsible for the assassination of foster was that they were a dangerous crowd and that patty hearst was probably in real danger. >> i have to believe the sla has my daughter. the only other possibility is that some absolute crazy person has taken her off and killed her. and i don't want to believe that. >> with hours turning into days, the media interest in patty's abduction magnifies. >> it became a major national story fairly quickly because of the hearst name. >> it was everywhere. it was in every newspaper every day. it was on television.

the networks, everywhere, every day. >> and then there was this daily show out at the hearst mansion. >> god bless you, honey. take care of yourself. >> now it's fairly common, whenever there's sort of a celebrity kind of story, that you see dozens of tv trucks hanging out at a certain address. it wasn't that common in those days, but this was a pretty big encampment. people brought out winnebago and people were there all the time and permanent microwave units were set up. >> with the media hovering for any word of patty's condition, there is finally a break in the case. on february 12th, the sla releases a tape confirming they have patty hearst. >> the communiques were delivered in the form of audiotapes, which were a dramatic new way to do it at the time.

>> we begin with a call to glide memorial church. the caller said to pick up a key in a telephone booth in the garage of the hilton hotel. the key was to a locker in an airline terminal a block away. >> there would be a note to go some other place and there would be the tape. they were usually delivered to kbfa, which was the pacifica station in berkeley. certainly the most left-wing of the stations. >> be very careful with the equipment and we're going to simulcast it. >> eight days after her disappearance, the world finally hears from patty hearst. >> mom, dad, i'm okay. i had a few scrapes and stuff, but they washed them up, and they are getting okay. and i caught a cold, but they are giving me pills for it. >> it just seemed she was so either drugged or strung out or in some ways under duress.

>> these people aren't just a bunch of nuts. they have been really honest with me, but they are perfectly willing to die for what they are doing. >> on the same tape, sla general field marshal cinque issues a violent threat. >> whatever happens to your daughter, her life and the blood will be upon your hands only. >> cinque, whose real name is donald defreeze, is an escaped convict and an acting leader of the sla. his threat makes it clear that the safe return of patty hearst will come at a price. >> i want to get out of here, but i -- the only way i'm going to is if we do it their way. >> the original intent of the

kidnapping of patty hearst was to get someone that they thought would be valuable in a prisoner exchange. >> i am a prisoner of war and so are the two men in san quentin. >> the tape hints at releasing patty in exchange for sla members russ little and joe romero, both jailed for the marcus foster murder. but in a type written message, the group lays out a more shocking ransom demand. >> they have one brilliant stroke in this whole, long string of bad behavior. >> it says, to kpix for hearst. >> was not give us $2 million or whatever, it was feed all the poor people in the state of california. >> symbionese liberation army demands that poor people in california's major cities be

provided $70 in food each. the hearst family said it would try. >> i think there will be a serious effort made. and if it's within mr. hearst's realm, he will comply. i imagine it will be a massive thing. >> that really struck a nerve with a lot of progressive people. now they are doing something for poor people. they are redistributing the wealth from the hearsts to the poor. that was groovy. >> so the ordeal of pat hearst and her family will not end today or even next week. her captors say that they won't even begin to negotiate for her release until the period of food distribution has ended. >> i just hope i can get back to everybody really soon.

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nearly 2 million people in california $70 of free food. >> it would come to hundreds of millions of dollars, which hearst actually didn't have. >> the truth is these guys had no sense of numbers. when it pushed down to reality, we ended up talking about $2 million, $3 million, $4 million. >> a scaled down giveaway called people in need begins on february 22nd. the first day, news cameras record a scene of chaos. >> frankly, from the point of view of running a television program, it got better and better. it appeared the sla had pulled off something that certainly magnified their power and importance. >> what i do think? that is a very difficult question. >> just to give people another $70 out of the clear blue sky, i mean, i just don't know. >> i think it is great.

especially for the poor people, you know, who need it. >> these big trucks of food would pull into poor neighborhoods and open up and just start, you know, sort of tossing food out to the masses of people that crowded around. >> i think it shocked the world, shocked the country, shocked the world that there was so much desperate hunger in this super power country of ours. it is like seeing robin hood in action. >> there was a certain victory for the underground movement and a victory for the symbionese liberation army who had kidnapped patty because it showed that her parents would comply with their wishes. >> i just hope all that you'll do what they say, dad, and do it quickly. >> with their demands met, the hearsts expect the sla to return patty, but the group makes no clear effort to release her. >> i am going to do everything i can to comply with their demand

and if that's not enough, i can't help it. i've done everything i can do. >> randolph hearst offers another $4 million in donated food in return for patty's immediate release. he says it will be the hearsts final offer. patty's captors respond with chilling silence. >> finally, we received nothing from the sla in today's mail, and we have had no other contact with the sla. >> someone said that the mood inside this house was like that of a seance. people sitting transfixed beside the telephone, waiting for it to ring. >> we just hope we hear from her. >> thank you. >> thank you. >> thank you. >> frustrated and powerless over the sla, randolph hearst attempts to control the situation. >> i got a number of calls from

hearst, often just before air time. what are you going to put on? what are you going to say? are you going to run the communique? they came with the demand that they be played in their entirety and that the text of the tape be printed in their entirety in the newspapers or unpleasant things would happen to patty hearst. >> so the moral, i wanted the paper to run the complete letter starting on the front page and jumping inside. >> this is a case model, the case model perhaps, for how media should not react to terrorism. >> this would give anyone i think who was curious about this organization, i imagine everybody is, an insight into it from somebody who is a part of it. >> i don't think the hearsts had control of the narrative, despite being a powerful newspaper family.

they were reduced to just a pair of middle-aged people standing in front of a microphone begging for the return of their daughter. >> we love you, patty. and we are all praying for you. >> but behind the scenes, he also was trying more sophisticated methods. i think he was trying to find channels to communicate besides the media channel. >> hearst reportedly meets with prisoners who claim to be sla members and other far-left activists. >> patty hearst's parents were frantic. they would do anything to get their daughter back. i think most of them mainly wanted money and not necessarily were willing to give the kind of information he wanted. >> after weeks of searching, the head of the fbi's san francisco field office says they are no closer to finding the missing girl. >> at the present time, what we know is just about what's been in the newspapers. we have talked to a number of

people. we don't have any suspects. >> but the fbi knows more than they are letting on. >> the fbi knew who almost all of the sla were within the first few days. >> mr. bates, can you -- >> i don't know. >> the agent. >> charlie bates did not want us to indicate to anybody that we knew who all these people were because he thought it would jeopardize patricia hearst's life. so we want them to think we were just bungling around. >> in fact, the bureau launches a high-tech search to find the heiress and her captors. >> we were using u2 planes, high-altitude surveillance planes, to spot campfires and things and movements in the high sierras for us. >> they even analyzed the sla's tape recordings in an attempt to pick up on their location. >> the cia has a team of blind people who have very acute

hearing, and we had the tapes sent to cia headquarters to be reviewed by the team and they came back and said we hear seagulls in the background. >> faint sounds of seagulls and airplanes lead investigators to an area south of san francisco known as the peninsula. >> we were almost down the block from them, working our way up. they beat us out of there by maybe a day. >> one step ahead of the fbi, the sla moves patty hearst north into san francisco, but the girl who began as a victim is about to shock the world. [ woman ] my boyfriend and i were going on vacation, so i used my citi thank you card to pick up some accessories. a new belt. some nylons. and what girl wouldn't need new shoes? we talked about getting a diamond. but with all the thank you points i've been earning...

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late yesterday, the kidnappers communicated with the hearst family for the third time

since ms. hearst was abducted two weeks ago. >> back off for a while. there will be plenty of time for investigating later. >> well, patty's well. her voice sounds strong. she seems to be fairly cheerful. >> in the months following the kidnapping, media outlets broadcast and print numerous communications from the sla. >> specific requirement by the sla was that the media, quote unquote, publish their documents in total, unchanged. >> none of the messages contained ransom information for the release of patty hearst. but a communique received one day before the two-month anniversary of patty's kidnapping changes everything. >> i've been given the choice of, one, being released in a

safe area or, two, joining forces of the symbionese liberation army. i have chosen to stay and fight. >> she denounced her family, denounced steven weed, pledged her solidarity with poor people, said that she had now become conscious, i think was her word. >> i've been given the name tania, after a comrade who fought alongside che in bolivia for the people of bolivia. >> i don't think anyone knew anything about these people or thought that they would have just let her walk away, but that's what she was told and that's what she told us. a friend told me that it was actually the first time he had ever seen randy hearst cry, listening to that tape recording. >> at the same time of this shocking communique being issued by the sla, the group issued this photograph of patty hearst

with a gun in front of a seven-headed cobra and that image instantly became iconic. the debate about patty's motives begins immediately. >> when the tape arrived where patty's announced that she was tania and that she was rejecting her family, that was another huge turning point in the story. >> i can just imagine the debates in every household. what does this mean? maybe this -- these guys are more revolutionary. pretty serious, you know. they have converted patty hearst, you know, this rich person. there must be something going on. >> nobody quite knew what to make of it. was this for real? was she under coercion? had she been brainwashed? >> now, what she said on the tape could have been done under duress. we didn't know. the jury was out on that. >> it's probably impossible to understand how four, five, six weeks in a closet is going to reduce someone.

>> i get claustrophobic every time i think about that closet. it was a foot and a half wide, maybe five or six feet long, seven feet tall. and she was in there and she was in there blindfolded in the dark. terrified. imprisoned in a very tiny space. >> six weeks. think of a month, think of a week. the awe with which we consider, you know, spending a month in this trapped little environment. it's like being kept for weeks in a casket. >> they were giving her all kinds of revolutionary words to read and they were constantly lecturing her about their platform. they were their own little

self-enclosed world and so patty became part of that world. >> sla members bill and emily harris tell a different story. according to the harrises, nobody forces patty hearst to join. >> conversion is a really bad word. it's been used so many times. it wasn't overnight. with patty, the process began, i'm convinced, even before the kidnap. the sla took the position that she had to show she was ready to deal with all the hardships that life entailed. before the sla released the communique, sam asked her one last time, after her blindfold was taken off, if she wanted to

go back to her family and friends. she laughed and said "no way." >> 12 days after the tape recording, patty hearst, aka tania, makes her public debut. >> on april 15th, '74, the sla barged into the hibernia bank in san francisco. it was an armed robbery. >> the bank's security films of the area were kind of fuzzy and kind of grainy. >> you had a what looked like an old-time movie, it was a little jerky, but you could see people inside the bank moving around. >> on the surveillance video, an armed patty hearst stands in the middle of the bank lobby. >> we knew who it was, it could only have been one person. >> there can be no doubt in my mind that that girl was going to shoot anything that didn't

observe her instructions. i heard her say that she would shoot the first s.o.b. that moved or did anything out of line. >> i took the tape over to the berkeley school for the deaf for lip reading. her instructions were, "up against the wall." m.f. brandishing her carbine around. >> she was a tiny, skinny little girl heiress and so the sight of her with her carbine robbing a bank was electrifying to the nation. >> when the bank robbery occurred, i knew that it would likely be a prosecution. i said right from the get-go that's going to be my case. >> the images of hearst and her weapon instantly changed law enforcement's view of the heiress. >> when patty emerged not as a victim, but as a suspect, the gloves came off. >> attorney general william saxbe said today it is his

belief that patricia hearst is a common criminal. >> the loud-mouthed idiot, attorney general of the united states, william saxbe, branded her a common criminal before he knew any of the facts. society as a whole in the united states felt that she was guilty of the hibernia bank robbery. >> with the court of public opinion shifting, the hearst family looks to justify patty's actions. >> patricia's father, randolph hearst, is not convinced there is enough evidence to prove his daughter is a bank robber. hearst issued a written statement in response to saxbe's remarks. he said, "saxbe has a right to think what he thinks and i also have that right. and as far as i'm concerned, it's all speculation." >> well, if you were thrown in the trunk of a car and locked in a closet for a week, you might

decide to stay, too. you lose your free will. >> from the way i know patty, she is sick. she is exhausted and she is being humiliated at the hands of a group of people that are determined not to let her get out of this alive. >> hearst had all kinds of experts that came out at the follies in front of their mansion talking about brain washing, how she could have been brainwashed. >> in brainwashing, you are deliberately placed in a circumstance of confinement and deprivation and you are told what to think and you are coached on what to say and think. >> with the debate over whether or not she is brainwashed captivating the nation, patty hearst makes a new recording to set the record straight. >> those people who still believe that i am brainwashed or dead, i see no reason to further defend my position. i am a soldier in the people's army.

>> with patty hearst now publicly a member of the sla, the group goes deep underground. >> they were always moving around. they would stay in one place for a week or two and then move to another place. >> but the fbi dragnet is tightening, thanks to what they call water gas leads. >> eventually, we started checking out all the new turn-ons of water and gas thinking that they would move in to a new abode and have to turn the gas on and the water on and we got quite near them. we were coming down -- you know, down the street and they got wind of that again and took off. these guys were terribly lucky, but in the end, they were unlucky. coming up, a standoff with police could spell the end for the sla and patty hearst.

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congratulations. because when you add verizon to your company, you don't just add, you multiply. ♪ discover something new... verizon. patricia hearst was kidnapped three and a half months ago by a group of terrorists calling themselves the symbionese liberation army, now being hunted down in california as a criminal. >> after two months of intense media coverage, patty hearst goes from victim to wanted domestic terrorist. >> this young berkeley student was kidnapped out of her apartment by this gang of, you

know, jokers. the kidnapping definitely had gotten enough media attention. once she announced her conversion to the army and she was now with her kidnappers, the story took on -- it just grew by orders of magnitude. >> april 15th at san francisco's hibernia bank, a $10,000 robbery that the sla calls a revolutionary expropriation. the fbi says patty was there. >> the pictures that came out of the bank robbery created a sensation. the law enforcement people immediately took the position that, yeah, she had turned. >> no longer wanted as material witness, patty hearst is now listed by the fbi as a fugitive, armed and dangerous. >> the robbery is a game changer for law enforcement. they increase their efforts to find patty hearst. this time to arrest her. >> if we can go in without any possibility of harm to the young

lady and get her, i'm sure we -- i know we would do it. >> i remember the remarks charlie bates made several times. sooner or later they're going to make a mistake and we'll get them. >> this dragnet was starting to zoom in on where they were so the whole gang relocated out of the bay area. >> it quickly became apparent that they knew very little about los angeles. there was nothing like the oakland/berkeley left subculture. i think it was inevitable that the sla showing up in los angeles was going to, you know, move into a crisis and a confrontation almost immediately. >> only six days after arriving in los angeles, patty hearst and the sla make their presence known. >> the fbi reports that patty

hearst was involved in the shoot-out of a sporting goods store in los angeles. >> patty and the harrises, bill and emily, had been sent out to purchase some supplies for the others. they had left patricia hearst sitting alone in a van. >> the harrises tried to shoplift a couple of things out of that store in l.a. called mel's sporting goods. in the course of shoplifting, the store guard wrestled with bill harris. >> and patty saw this commotion across the street. she could have turned the engine on and driven away and left the harrises to their arrest or she could have gotten out of the van and walked away. she did neither. >> i had training. if anybody ever got in trouble, you were supposed to help them get away. i saw emily harris being held by a man, and i saw bill harris on the ground. i picked up the gun and started

firing. >> it was just a reaction. it happened so fast. >> without hesitation, ms. hearst picked up not one but two automatic weapons and sprayed the front of mel's sporting goods store with bullets. why? to rescue the harrises. >> after that, i don't think anybody had any questions that for whatever reason, she had become part of the sla. after the shootout at the sporting goods store, they abandoned the car they were in shortly there afterwards because

they knew it was hot. when the police found the original car, they found a parking ticket in it. the parking tickets that they found led them to the house where the sla had holed up. >> that led to 400 police surrounding the house. after a s.w.a.t. team announcement that you have to come out, give up, an attempt was made to flush out the people inside with tear gas. six members were discovered in a south los angeles hideout. >> there was a warning to surrender and police tear gas grenades. it was 5:50 p.m. >> they were surrounded and they broke live on the tv and everybody was watching, there was still this irrational hope that somehow they weren't there or somehow they wiggled out of it and all end up good, which you knew really wasn't going to happen. >> police were receiving heavy weapons fire, which they

returned. >> there were some estimates of, like, there were 9,000 shots. and clearly, there were several automatic weapons being fired from inside. >> we need all the ammo we've got in the safe. we're taking automatic fire, front and back. they're much better armed than we are. >> eventually, the house caught on fire. it started in the kitchen. although a couple of the sla members attempted to crawl out, they were burned before they were able to get all the way out. >> in perhaps the most surreal twist of all, patty and bill and emily harris are staying at a motel across from disneyland watching the whole thing on tv.

>> i mean, how can you describe what it's like to watch the six people you love most in the world being killed? >> everything happened in a frantic two hours. nobody in the los angeles police department had ever seen anything like it. >> none of us came into the sla with the notion that we were indestructible or that things would be anything less than brutal if they got us surrounded. >> police and the fbi had tracked five sla suspects after a shoplifting incident this morning at a sporting goods store. >> the house burned to the

ground and the people inside burned with it. >> making a decision to become a guerilla, somebody knew what the consequences were. >> patricia hearst was not one of the victims. >> patricia hearst was not killed in a police raid in a symbionese liberation army raid in a los angeles hideout last night. >> nobody in the los angeles police department had ever seen anything like it. seven barrages of teargas and still no surrender. >> that was a cold-blooded execution. they thought they were dealing with eight or nine supermans that couldn't be killed easily? >> i had very mixed emotions to tell you the truth. i had very mixed emotions but they weren't coming out. i mean, they were given every chance, every chance to come out. i'm certain that the los angeles police did not plan on an acute teargas canister setting the house on fire.

>> that's bull [ bleep ]. that's official [ bleep ] is all that is, that's just an execution. >> and that was really the end of the sla. >> six members of the sla are dead, donald defreeze, nancy ling perry, mizmoon, patricia soltysik, camilla hall, angela atwood and 21-year-old willie wolf. >> patty hearst and the two harrises, emily and bill harris, were not in the house and then, of course, came the whole question of, well, where were they? >> they're gone. like, they're just gone. who knows? maybe they're dead. [ coughs ]

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this is where everyone feared that patricia hearst might have died. >> how long the cars will continue to pass by what is left of 1466 west 54th street here in los angeles, it is interesting in this report that anyone would want a memento of what police call its worst shootout in its history. >> with the exception of bill and emily harris and patty hearst, all of the sla died in that fire. by and large, they were just fugitives on the run. they were underground, scared and running. >> three weeks after the fire, a new tape recording confirms patty hearst is alive and loyal to the sla. >> the radio station received an anonymous call stating, in effect, that the sla had a communique for us and that it was being held behind a mattress

in our alley. we retrieved the tape and we believe the voice on the tape is that of patricia hearst, or as she calls herself now, tania. >> to the people this is tania. life is very precious to me, but i have no delusions that going to prison will keep me alive, and i would never choose to live the rest of my life surrounded by pigs like the hearsts. >> she goes on to make an even more shacking admission, revealing a love affair with willie wolf, aka cujo, an sla member killed in the fire. >> cujo was the jent les, the most beautiful man i have ever known. neither cujo or i had ever loved an individual the way we loved each other. >> willie wolf was a young man who grew up in connecticut. his father was a medical doctor, an anesthesiologist.

>> cujo became patty's -- i don't know if you could call him protector, boyfriend, the principle person she had sex with. it's very hard to know under those circumstances what their relationship was all about. >> following the fiery standoff, patty hearst and the harrises head back to san francisco as the only surviving members of the sla. >> most people didn't want to help them because, you know, they clearly now, just seen on tv what happens if you are around the sla, nobody wants that. but a new group of people were shocked and outraged by what the lapd had done in surrounding the group and allowing the house to burn down. >> mike bortin, a student activist living in the bay area, is one of the few willing to give shelter and support to the fugitives. >> if we happen to bump into you, you can have all my money and anything else.

yeah. absolutely. they were it. >> there was a rally in berkley in honor of the dead sla members and there was a woman named kathleen soliah that now declared herself to be a member of the sla. >> i am with you. we are with you. >> right on! >> the harrises and patty were able to connect up with soliah and her whole group of people. >> according to bortin, patty hearst introduces herself to him not as a brainwashed victim but as a full-fledged member of the sla. >> she didn't seem distant or nostalgic for her wealthy status. she seemed contemptful of her father's efforts to find her. she especially, i think, acted really heroically at i thought this brainwashing thing is totally ridiculous. >> with law enforcement hunting

the group, patty and the harrises head out of the bay area toward the east coast. >> after that, nobody knew where they were. we tried to find out. they just went dormant because, as it turned out, they went to pennsylvania. nobody knew they were there. >> for a long time, they holed up at this farmhouse in pennsylvania and patty hearst wrote the tania autobiography where she gave her version of events. >> patty's memoir contains details of her conversion to the sla. in words she would later repudiate, she described her past filled with privilege and alienation. >> my first memories of my parents or any kind of family life start when i was 9 years old. they hired nurses and governesses to take care of us because they didn't want to do it themselves.

everything from my upbringing was trying to make me declare allegiance to my parents' values and ideas. it was during my last year of high school that i met steven weed. while part of me was plotting my escape from this relationship, the other part of me was smiling for engagement pictures. i thought steve would change my name and rescue me from being a hearst. >> we never found any evidence she communicated with her family. it was perfectly plausible that the harrises and hearst could have disappeared into society with new identities, moved on, lived their lives, gotten married to each other or other

people and raised families. many former underground left wingers did but that wasn't their fate. >> they were going to be back in our face sooner or later. the culture, as a whole, was going to have to deal with these folks again. coming up, it is the arrest that captivates the country. >> patty hearst is in the hands of federal authorities tonight. [ courier ] the amazing story of whether bovine heart tissue can make it from australia to a u.s. lab to a patient in time for surgery may seem like a trumped-up hollywood premise. ♪ but if you take away the dramatic score... take away the dizzying 360-degree camera move... [ tires screech ] ...and take away the over-the-top stunt, you're still left with a pretty remarkable tale. but, okay, maybe keep the indulgent supermodel cameo... thank you. [ male announcer ] innovative medical solutions. fedex. solutions that matter. it's 4g, so you can do more faster.

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patricia hearst was kidnapped six moments ago today by the symbionese liberation army. since then, she has become a fugitive from justice herself. people in place from as far away as guatemala say they have seen patty hearst, but so far, all tips have turned out to be false. >> throughout 1974, the hunt to find patty hearst and the surviving members of the sla fuels a news-hungry public. >> because they were gone and they weren't drawing attention to themselves anymore, what actually happened was a huge pent-up desire on the part of the public to find out what had happened. >> it wasn't just a news story by any means. it was everywhere. so there was no area of american culture untouched by the patty hearst story. >> the publicity did generate a lot of leads. people calling in with the best of intentions, and we ran them down, we ran every one down. >> this was an era where there

wasn't a cell phone, there wasn't a computer, there were no atm machines. people really could drive across the country and change their life, and did, all the time. >> while law enforcement and the media searched for the fugitives, the group practices military-style drills at their pennsylvania safe house. >> they went back to their own games of guerilla tactics and target practice and posturing, you know, with guns. in the countryside. that went on for some time until they decided that they really ought to relocate back to california. >> after over a year on the road, patty and the harrises move back to california and begin a new chapter in the sla. >> the sla became kathy and her brother, steve soliah, two

harrises, patricia hearst, wendy yoshimura, james kilgore and michael bortin. that was the new sla. >> we were all pretty enthusiastic about it. this is too good to be true, you know? >> as the new sla takes shape, an intense manhunt for their most famous convert forces the group to keep a low profile. >> they couldn't really go out and get jobs or, you know, function in society. they always had to be kind of alert and careful. they were on the lam. they were the most wanted people in the country. >> patty and the harrises struggled to make ends meet. they attempt to raise money from sympathetic leftists but get nowhere. >> boy, i'll tell you, they closed the door fast. yeah. couldn't get a cent out of them, you know? so the fact we ended up robbing a couple of banks is no surprise.

>> they committed two bank robberies in the sacramento area. there was a guild savings and loan that was knocked over by james kilgore and michael bortin. >> i just showed my gun and said thank you and left. that is how it should be, you know? can't say the same for the second one. >> on april 21st five persons, three men and two women, hit the crocker bank branch in carmichael. >> the bank robbery at carmichael entailed a really well-planned assault with backup people with automatic weapons across the street. it went all bad. >> $15,000 was taken, a woman customer, the mother of four

children, was shot gunned to death. >> myrna opsahl was waiting to deposit money from a seventh-day adventist fund-raiser. she was waiting in line at the bank when he burst in and shot her. by most accounts, patty was outside. >> then they fled back into the bay area. and ironically or not, the very end, they were living right here in san francisco, right back in the same little network of places they had been all along. you have to wonder sometimes if they almost, by then, had a kind of a secret wish to get this over with. [ male announcer ] you are a business pro.

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i'm milissa rehberger. here's what's happening. angry demonstrators blame nato for the deaths of two dozen pakistani soldiers near the afghan border. pakistan's foreign minister says the air strike damaged any progress toward an alliance with

the u.s. the incident is under investigation. at least three people are dead after a boat carrying immigrants from pakistan and afghanistan sank off the italian coast. dozens were rescued and teams are still searching for survivors. now back to "the kidnapping of patty hearst." despite the investigation, there has been absolutely no trace of the missing newspaper heiress. >> summer 1975, over a year after her kidnapping, patty hearst and the harrises hide out in separate san francisco houses, but federal agents are closing in. >> soliah, kathy soliah who had given a speech at the berkeley memorial for the sla and her brother was shuttling back and forth between these two houses, delivering food and delivering messages and the fbi eventually

picked up this shuttle >> nbc news presents "the arrest . of patty hearst." >> patty hearst, kidnapped daughter of a wealthy publisher 19 months ago, later, the dedicated revolutionary tania is in the hands of federal authorities tonight in san francisco, california. >> she say anything? >> i asked her if she was glad it was over and she just didn't say a word. at 1:14 p.m., bill and emily harris were picked up here at a house in san francisco's outer mission district. a cache of arms was found in a closet when federal agents moved in. >> now says the fbi there is no more sla. >> when patty hearst was arrested, she gave her occupation at the jail as urban guerilla. and she greeted the cameras with a raised, clenched fist. needless to say, it was very hard for her to present herself after that as a rescued kidnap victim. >> bill and emily harris are taken to los angeles to face

charges for the mel's sporting goods robbery and shootout. u.s. attorney james browning holds patty hearst in san francisco to stand trial for her first criminal act as tania. >> there was never any doubt in my mind that i would be prosecuting patty hearst for the bank robbery. once the evidence was there, she would be tried for the crime. >> ms. patricia hearst, heiress to the hearst newspaper fortune in california, taking part in the robbery of a bank with the symbionese liberation army. during the next few weeks it may be called the trial of the century. >> i can think of no other case, except for the o.j. simpson case, which had received as much media attention as patty hearst case. >> many people lined up hours before the proceedings got under way, in hopes they would get a seat in the courtroom.

>> february 4, 1976, two years to the day after her kidnapping, browning begins to make his case against patty hearst. >> evidence that would seemingly destroy most defenses with ease was tediously presented to the court. browning said this film showed hearst was an active participant in the bank robbery. witnesses testified she appeared to be a bona fide bandit. >> that, in fact, was patricia hearst in those movies. there was never any question about that. i had to prove that she did it intentionally or she shouldn't have been convicted. >> to prove that intent, the prosecution calls tom matthews, a young man who was carjacked by patty and the harrises after the mel's sporting goods shootout. she told this young man, all of this stuff about her being coerced into doing whatever the sla tells her to do, such as rob the bank or anything else is a

bunch of hooey, is nonsense, it never happened. she was never brainwashed. >> instead, browning argues that patty hearst experienced a dramatic conversion from average citizen to urban guerilla, much like the other sla members. >> pamela hall was the daughter of a clergyman. nancy ling perry used to be a goldwater girl. willie wolf was the son of a doctor. maybe it's not so beyond the bounds of reason that patty hearst could have been radicalized to willingly and voluntarily join the sla. >> tapes of patty's voice once again play a key role. this time to show she is an unrepentant and dangerous radical. >> i guess i will just tell that my politics are real different

from way back when. obviously. >> right. >> and so this creates all kinds of problems for me in terms of a defense. >> to prove that hearst was a willing member of the sla, browning focuses on one tape and one relationship in particular. >> neither cujo or i had ever loved an individual the way we loved each other. >> willie wolf was a very personable young man according to all the reports. at the time of the trial, we had suspected that, in fact, patricia hearst did have an affair with willie wolf, cujo. >> the prosecutors' portrayal of the relationship was confirmed by the pages of the tania autobiography, now in fbi custody.

>> cujo was an incredibly patient, loving and dedicated person. before i got a reading light in the closet, cujo read to me. i had a lot of good feelings for him before i was accepted into the cell. cujo was a beautiful and gentle man. >> even though patty penned these words herself, in court she denies any relationship with cujo. she claims he and other members of the sla raped her. again, browning turns to the final tape recording. >> the pigs probably have the little olmec monkey that cujo wore around his neck. he gave me that little stone

face one night. >> part of the tape had patricia hearst saying "the pigs" meaning the police. "the pigs probably have cujo's little olmec monkey." what is an olmec monkey, we went around asking each other? patricia hearst and willie wolf had exchanged little old charms or trinkets or something of the sort and patricia hearst carried that little charm with her, either around her neck or in her purse always. she was never without it. >> with her purse in evidence, the prosecution makes a stunning discovery. >> we dumped out the contents of her purse and there it was, a little stone face, black stone face. what type of woman who has been

raped and cannot stand a man carries around a little gift from that man, either around her neck or in her purse for a year? we held up the little stone face that cujo had given tania before the jury and said, "ladies and gentlemen, this little stone face can't talk, but it says an awful lot." coming up, the patty hearst trial comes to a shocking end. >> if her name had been jones, she would never have been prosecuted. americans are always ready to work hard for a better future. since ameriprise financial was founded back in 1894, they've been committed to putting clients first. helping generations through tough times. good times. never taking a bailout. there when you need them.

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patricia hearst, heiress to the hearst newspaper fortune, on trial in california for taking part in a bank robbery with the members of the symbionese liberation army. was she of sound mind, acting on her own, or was she not? >> after the bravado of her arrest, patty arrived at her trial and appears to be transformed. >> she was acting very much like would you expect a hearst daughter to act. she pleaded not guilty and she had a very high-powered lawyer, f. lee bailey to plead her case. >> the celebrated f. lee bailey

was chosen to head the defense. sophisticated and manicured, he had gained legendary standing after defending sam shepherd, earnest medina and the boston strangler. >> i don't feel i'm overmatched at all. i believe i probably tried more jury cases than mr. bailey has. >> i was not worried about f. lee bailey's notoriety and his experience. i figured he puts on his pants one leg at a time just like i do. >> bailey's long-time partner al johnson flies to california to join the defense team. >> i met with patty first about three days after her capture by the fbi. between that time and the time of her trial, indeed, during her trial, i spent about 16 hours a day with her in prison. it was very difficult working with patty.

she was very confused, as you might expect. and much of her conversation was laced with the same speech patterns that the people who had kidnapped her had spoken during the time she was kidnapped. >> to further complicate matters for the defense, after two years of intense media coverage, the jurors are all familiar with patty hearst's story. >> this is simply unbiased, unprejudiced news publicity. it was biased. and it was impossible to elude it. or come to any conclusion other than the guilt of patty hearst. there was no way that we felt that that trial could end up in a verdict of acquittal unless patty took the stand. >> five days after the trial begins, patty hearst starts to

testify in her own defense. >> the strategy of her defense became obvious during the first week that i met with her in the san mateo county jail. it was simple. tell the truth. it was the only thing ever, which if believed, could save her. tell the truth. >> on the stand, patty hearst describes her time with the sla as a hostage situation and claims that her relationship with cujo was no love affair. >> she was in that closet for 57 days, 57 days. often without food, in very unsanitary conditions. and as i said before, brutalized, physically and mentally. none of the relationships or friendship which existed between her and any of her captors were

ever legitimate. no consensual relationship with anyone other than that forced upon her by her kidnappers. >> she later said, and members of her defense team said, that basically, she took up with him to avoid becoming the property of the whole group. the sexual property of the whole group. >> following patty's terrifying description of her captivity, the defense presents their explanation for why she joined the sla. they tell the jury that patty lost her freewill. >> i don't remember ever dealing with someone as disturbed as patricia campbell hearst was prior to enduring her trial. she was absolutely unable to help me to form conclusions concerning her conduct because of what had been put into her mind through brainwashing. >> the defense calls top experts

in brainwashing to explain how college student patty becomes bank robbing revolutionary tania. >> i find a direct parallel in her experience between many returning p.o.w.s of a -- in the military group and between many who had been through thought reform in chinese prisons. >> the psychiatrist also unanimously and the psychiatrists were the best in the country, unanimously testified that she was involuntarily influenced by her captors to the extent that she believed, honestly believed if she did not cooperate with them she would be executed. >> but what the defense fails to explore is the new theory about the psychology about kidnap victims.

>> they got the senior, best-informed psychiatrists of the time and those psychiatrists knew a lot about brain washing and knew very little about stockholm syndrome. psychiatrist frank ochberg worked with the fbi in the 1970s as part of an early counter terrorism task force. he is responsible for helping define the condition called the stockholm syndrome. this comes from a hostage crisis in sweden where a bank teller develops a deep and mysterious attachment to one of her captors. it maybe the key to what happened to patty hearst. >> a person is suddenly and unexpectedly held hostage by force and that person is scared beyond fear. they know they are going to die. they say they know they are going to die. their life is over. it's -- it's stunning. and the same person who took you from a normal life into

captivity allows you to speak, to eat, to use the toilet, to move. and you experience something like being an infant who is given the gift of life by your mother. it doesn't hurt to get the stockholm syndrome. it really can help you survive. i believe it happened, and i believe that she developed her affection toward cujo, who would have been the more maternal of her hostage holders. the stock hole syndrome may be the perfect explanation for patty's conversion to the sla. but there's a catch. >> i believe the stockholm syndrome can make you fall in love with the outlaw but the stockholm syndrome doesn't remove your ability to know what's right and wrong. and if you choose to do wrong,

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heard at the patricia hearst bank robbery trial, and today the case goes to the jury. >> i think the jury was out a respectable length of time. i didn't know what to expect. i really didn't. >> there was -- in several sense one way or another patty might get off, so i think there was a sense that maybe browning might be overmatched even though he might have the better case. >> after one day of deliberations, the jury returns with a verdict.

>> she robbed the bank and she did it with an operable firearm. federal judge sentenced her to seven years. >> it's wunl of the great injustices of the criminal justice system of the united states. it's one which will leave its mark on the history of jurisprudence for many years to come and one which i hope will never be recreated. >> patricia hearst is back in prison again this morning to complete a seven-year sentence for joining a group of terrorists in a bank robbery. she is in what's called a minimum security college campus-like jail without cell bars. >> following patty's arrest and conviction, bill and emily harris plead guilty to weapons and kidnapping charges and serve eight-year prison terms.

the radical group that once captured the media's attention fades from view. >> no, it was almost like a signing off. it was the end of an era. they went out like a shooting star. >> now we can move on into wherever else life's going to take us, but hopefully we're done with this kind of nonsense. >> after 22 months, two weeks, and four days in jail and prison, at 7:30 this morning patricia hearst became a free woman. >> president carter granted her a come mutation, which is not the same as a pardon. >> i think that i have gotten a lot stronger, a lot more self-confident.

i take a lot of things in stride that make other people fall apart. i've learned a lot about people. i have been around a lot of different kinds of people. had to handle lots of unusual situations and for someone my age, i've been through an awful lot. >> i don't know how in retrospect the hearst family ever survived. >> the most important thing in the lives of randy and cathy hearst were they children. the entire affair, that is her kidnapping, her trial, and the aftermath of her trial by her wrongful incarceration caused them to separate, and they divorced. >> i just hope that no other family has their happiness destroyed by terrorists in this country again. >> the commutation from president carter releases patty hearst from prison without reversing her conviction. more than two decades later, president bill clinton grants her a full pardon. >> the big names on the list who are getting pardons are susan mcdougal and patty hearst who was kidnapped and involved in

the bank robberies decades ago. >> in a 1982 autobiography and occasional media interviews, patty hearst has repeatedly asserted her innocence. >> a kidnap victim has not been tried before or since for crimes committed in the company of their kidnappers. >> frankly, being kidnapped by people like that, the odds are better than good that you are not going to make it through it. >> i was the one who was prosecuted and let go almost about 20 people in order to prosecute me for a bank robbery that was just absolutely, you know, you rob this bank or you die. >> to this day, she maintains she never converted to the sla cause or fell in love with cujo. >> i think it's insulting to

anyone who's ever been raped to suggest that that could turn into a seduction and a love affair afterward. it's outrageous. >> even those who knew patty as tania can't say for certain if she was a willing participant in the sla. >> my opinion on the subject is i don't know. that will be debated until the end of time i guess. >> i think she was a revolutionary by choice for a period of time. i think she's no longer a revolutionary. >> i'm not worried about her robbing any more banks. >> i don't think anyone bounces back from these kinds of experiences without some inner strength that i would attribute to her character. >> i think patty hearst is the ultimate survivor, and that's another reason why i think she continues to compel us. i mean she went through ordeals that are difficult to imagine. she did things which sometimes

were admirable and sometimes were not, and yet she counted to survive. >> as far as her situation now, she's a crafty young lady with good legal advice. >> she married an individual from the san francisco police department who i hired to protelgt her after the bail hearing by the judge and has a family of her own and lives a happy life.