the chicago democratic party, which mayor daley controlled city hall, the legislature and some governors. it was building block by block, having block captains who had to get out the vote. if you got out the vote, then your garbage got picked up and your snow got plowed. if you didn't do that, you got fired. there's a lawyer named shackman. there was a shackman decree that took on the daley machine saying people shouldn't be hired or fired just for political purposes, but in the early days of the machine, i guess starting in the late '50s or '60s, you performed for the party or you didn't get jobs. it's funny. the newspapers in chicago have done a good job over the years slating sessions. you go before the party organization to be slated as a judge. and if you haven't -- and people talk about how they walked precincts to become a judge. then they get slated. if the party is for you, there's so many judges on the ballot in cook county, particularly before they split it up into districts. nobody knows who those people are. if you're on the ballot, you win. >> how did the power of this mach

first caller is in daley city, california. ken is on the democrats line. >> caller: yeah, hi, how are you doing? my understanding is that this fund is short, if, in other words, it would cost us 15 cents a gallon more for gasoline to bring it up to par. and, you know, that's a small price to pay considering, especially where i live. the highways are so essential for getting people to be able to move around and when you have, like, if one bridge goes out or something, we're in great, great big trouble here. so, and i'm sure it's like that across the country where the arterial systems are getting so run down that it's actually causing -- you're pays more money than the 15 cents a gallon you'd be paying to pay for alignments and tire damage and everything else that's going on. and so i think people need to know that, you know, not only does this create jobs, it increases productivity, and i think, you know, i don't see where the hang-up is on this at all. >> well, ken, i've heard different estimates, whether it's 15 cents, i thin

mayor daley in chicago, imagine mayor daley felt when he got the news that the federal government was money that in past years probably would have come to the city government of chicago. i into mayor daley himself and instead sending it to a some grassroots organization on the south out of mayor daley's. depriving city coffers of this money in order to fund this, in his view radical, scrappy group on the south side that was only going make trouble for him across the country. the eo a created friction within the federal system because it did just that it went around state and local governments and provided funding directly to grassroots organizations. worse, as the sixties heated up and levels of violence in the cities increased, the community action programs were often sometimes rightly, often wrongly with support for increased militancy and at times for support for violence. so this was. is this a success or failure? the the purpose of the eoa was to shake up the existing system. it did that. but perhaps it was so effective on that score that it itself unsustainable. a second challenge coming from a little bit of a different direction was failu

on the right, we have mayor daley and autocratic leader who vowed to maintain stability in his city at all cost. in the weeks leading up to the convention, daley denied public permits for marches and demonstrations, doubled the strength of the chicago police force and brought in the u.s. army and the illinois national guard. quote, saying, i quote, as long as i'm mayor of this city, there will be law and order on the streets, unquote. on the other hand, as represented here by just one of the fliers from the yippie festival of life, we have abby hoffman and jerry ruby who organized what they called the invasion of chicago complete with demonstrations, i guess as anthony told us, limited public concerts, and other kinds of activities meant to really bring a kind of farcical view of the proceedings. in fact, so farcical that they nominate a pig, pigasus for president. to promote the events, the yippies published fliers much like you're seeing here and held rallies meant to circulate farther call rumors, such as yippies would pick up delegates and drive them to wisconsin. or yippies would

city. as it remains today, but certainly in those times. steve: how would you describe the views of mr. daley at the time, how did he view african-americans? elizabeth: it's interesting because they were a significant constituency for him. they were marginalized inside the larger political structure and the democratic party apparatus. it was a conflicted relationship. as a northern democrat, mayor daley was verbally supportive of civil rights organizing that was happening in the south, to get rid of legal segregation. but when i came to conditions here in chicago, he said there were less problems. steve: put this time period into context. you have the little rock nine in 1957. the civil rights movement was growing. what was it like in the country and here in the city? elizabeth: a turbulent time. civil rights activism have been growing, particularly around schools as you mentioned, with little rock and other attempts to desegregate schools in the south as well. in chicago, there was a major movement to desegregate schools and that came to a head in 1963. if we think of 1953 nationally, -- 196

it was a city with a very strong political leadership. it was led by mayor richard j daley, who was the head of the chicago democratic machine, but was also a power player in national politics. he helped to drive elections and decision-making in the national democratic party. it was an extremely segregated city. as it remains today, but certainly in those times. steve: how would you describe the views of mayor daley at the time, how did he view african-americans? elizabeth: it's interesting because african-americans were a significant constituency for him. they voted for him, and he had to court their votes. at the same time, they were marginalized inside the larger political structure and the democratic party apparatus. so it was a conflicted relationship. additionally, as a northern democrat, mayor daley was verbally supportive of civil rights organizing that was happening in the south, to get rid of legal segregation. but when it came to conditions here in chicago, he said there were less problems. steve: put this time period into context. because you had the little rock

city. and eddie daley delivered a day deposit of the day's receipts for burger, hannah and munger, a nearby dry goods store. despite that significant gap in their ages, at that age, they saw something in each other and became friends. they went their separate ways. later that year, didn't meet again until 1917 at oklahoma. fort sill. both were training to fight in world war one. with his in retail and grandpa's in banking they had the only successful canteen on the base. grandpa said that at one point they were earning 641% just like standard oil. when the war was over, they sailed home together on the same troopship and reportedly both of them were seasick. so while they're hatching their plan, you can imagine them going, you want to open a men's clothing store? sure. and they did. they open truman and jacobson clothing store. and they were the postwar recession. tanked the business. they did very well the first year, but it got them eventually. eddie became a traveling salesman. grandpa went into politics. throughout his career, though, as a county judge, a senator, vice president and pre

city. and eddie daley delivered a day deposit of the day's receipts for burger, hannah and munger, a nearby dry goods store. despite that significant gap in their ages, at that age, they saw something in each other and became friends. they went their separate ways. later that year, didn't meet again until 1917 at oklahoma. fort sill. both were training to fight in world war one. with his in retail and grandpa's in banking they had the only successful canteen on the base. grandpa said that at one point they were earning 641% just like standard oil. when the war was over, they sailed home together on the same troopship and reportedly both of them were seasick. so while they're hatching their plan, you can imagine them going, you want to open a men's clothing store? sure. and they did. they open truman and jacobson clothing store. and they were the postwar recession. tanked the business. they did very well the first year, but it got them eventually. eddie became a traveling salesman. grandpa went into politics. throughout his career, though, as a county judge, a senator, vice president and pre

by their own city administration, by richard daley. because daley was getting some pretty severe criticism. even the "tribune," what was he thinking? how come they could have the directions not to shoot to kill and name arsonists. so daily gets a rebuke, and he puvs that on the superintendent of police and that goes to the rank-and-file officers. once you did the restraint that you use, during the riots, is not on. it's not on. there was an anti-war protest i'm thinking april the 27th where the cops broke skin, they smashed hammers, they went after members of the media and protesters, little mini chicago right there on the 27th. the cops i talked to disagreed about whether or not a harder stance was necessary. they were all over the board, actually, what they didn't like was to have somebody push them. saying you don't know better. the anti-daily rhetoric from the cops i met surprised me, i didn't expect that. i assumed they were in lock step. but no, this anger got increasingly projected onto the media. it was the media's problem. it

citizens of the city, you work for the tribune will you are one of us. course, daley's pushing back azimuth of engineers, bobby kennedy is killed in a los areles and the yippies making wild pronouncements of what will happen. there is fear. think about that the fear aspect. you of curiosity to me that are paramilitary forces and potentially can -- 10,000, 11,000 people and you are scared of protesters. putting drugs into the water system, you start believing your own rhetoric and we have to protect the neighborhoods. everybody is downtown inside of the loop, they are not in your neighborhoods. but 40 years after, talking their ownecting doorsteps, their own backyards. like this is an immediate threat. copsost thought -- and the thought the real disadvantage and theyided was able do not write books or articles and they are adversaries in the media did. how is that fair? how come you can ship the narrative? how come nobody tossed us are not too many people talk to us? as one cop said, i think the whole press thing fits into both sides' political views. to the press, we we

. >> and there is a strong belief that the original richard daley, the mayor of the city of chicago was in the riots participating. if anyone knows chicago, that would not be too surprising. so center your inner white midwesterner for a moment. what are we afraid of? this is what we're afraid of. this is what we're afraid of, right? young, healthy, african-american that we decided didn't know how to use weapons before they went to europe but of course they did. we trained them on other whites with the intent to kill. and we told them they were doing it for democracy. they were very worried that this could quickly turn against us. that is the anxiety that is being stoked. that is the rue nor being stoked. and so scenes like this, a parade starting a soldier's return, you will note the famed griffons, the lionlions, i don' know. this could take over the south. so a very harm hand is needed. this is exactly what we have to remember. >> so, i am going to read a little quote from chester franklin. and he wrote, he wrote an argue called the new negro. and he said we believe that self preserva

the chicago democratic party, which mayor daley controlled the people running the cook county board and city hall. he ended up controlling the legislature and some governors and taylor knows more about that because he was the here in this era. it was building block by block, having block captains who had to get out the vote and if you got up about you are coverage was picked up in your snow was plowed. if you didn't do that you got fired. there is a lawyer named shackman that took on the daley machine saying that people shouldn't be hired or fired just for political purposes. but in the early days of the machine, i guess starting in the late 50s or 60s, outside performed for the party or you didn't get jobs. it's funny, the newspapers inside chicago have done a good job over the years slating sessions. you go before the party organization to be slated as a judge. and if you haven't, and people talk about how they walked precincts to become a judge. and then they get slated and if the party is for you, there so many judges on the ballot in cook county, particularly before it was split into di

as a matter of fact, there is a story not about himself but about tom daley who had his train stop in some city, i forget which one it was in western kentucky. he was campaigning against harry truman and the engineer of the train had uncoupled from the train and moved ahead from the water in the water tank. when he came back, the train started pitching backwards. people were afraid that somebody was gonna get killed or hurt, being run over by a reverse moving train. but there was a police officer named ernest chapman who very quickly reached out and pulled the lever that put the brakes on the train and stopped people from getting hurt or killed by that reversal. it was, in a way, i guess from his time on up, it was the best way to find out what a man looks like, what a man things like. it did have its -- >> it aptly does. it still does today. as we will see when we get to that union pacific video, there's a couple of clips of people standing and respecting president bush as he moved to college station on the spinal train ship. you will notice that some people are standing dangerously close to t

all of these economic opportunities are leaving the city, the city of chicago at this point is still under the control of the daley machine, which is functionally blocking sort of like actual help, city resources, the pay for play of politics that rules the city of chicago this time. and in response to that, the there are more alderman black aldermen on the city council ever before but they can only deal in piecemeal. robert h. miller of the six ward in the city of chicago speaks out once again daley, nominee to the board of public education and daley just completely shuts them out of this next election. they wish retirement and he's gone. so these politicians, while their representation on the board and representation is another advancement of neo liberalism, looks really good when you have more these african-americans within positions of power and they become they begin to understand their own power in terms of my representation is the advancing pit of the race does show the advancement of civil rights as opposed to meeting the material needs of african-americans within different communities. so in response to d

mid 20th century and then daley being kind of that the the the force against that integrated city space and his of fighting for continue segregation in chicago and that is a really interesting way to link those two people because as you and i were just chatting before until i read this book, i had no idea about the of chicago's role in that segregation and that started happening after 1948, after the racial covenants were deemed unconscious tution. all right. and so i just that fascinating, obviously, richard j. daley was instrumental in that as well. can you talk about that, how he helped engineer that? yeah. i mean, it kind of goes to i was really interested in your background in terms of power elite power systems and studying that. so we know in terms of how government policy is driven in most cases, it is not just decisions made by local elected officials, but the political institutions that help support that system. right. and so as it relates to chicago, university of chicago has always been kind of the brain trust for local elected officials, and particularly at the highest level

daley in chicago. there were riots in 110 cities in america. just the whole bunch of stuff, a guy tried to assassinate andy .arhol stuff was going on everywhere and muhammad ali just didn't seem that controversial anymore . and as the war had ground along, more and more kids had convinced their parents that maybe this wasn't the greatest war in the world for them to be involved in and had -- had kind of rebelled against the thing. and slowly but surely the national perception of muhammad ali had become much different . when he finally got to the end of 1968, 1969, there is a great thing, he was on firing line with william f buckley. i don't know if anybody remembers that show. william f buckley was the area diet guy with the big words and the whole thing, and he was arguing with muhammad ali. muhammad ali was very good against him. he had gone off and perfected know, at all these college things arguing with college kids. he was very good in that show. and different things alone those lines. he showed up more and more on johnny carson, merv grif

the city made some strategic errors. mayor daley had denied anybody a permit to spend the night in the parks or to be in the parks after 11:00 p.m. that wasn't something of a problem because there were so many thousands of young people who had come. there were a couple of groups, the national mobilization committee to end the war. there was the youth international party called the yippies. they are the ones you have probably seen. the mobe was trying to forge a consensus among young voters. the yippies were led by abbie hoffman and were known for their street theater and various antics. i think at one point in the stock exchange they manage to get in and drop dollar bills onto the floor and watched all the people on the floor of the stock exchange scramble for the money. that was exactly what they were looking for. while the democrats were wrangling in the convention hall, protesters in the streets started to clash with police. peace now is what they are chanting. [video clip] prof. dailey: that is the chicago police. they are chant

belief that he was definitely a member of one of the gangs but that the original richard daley, the mayor of the city of chicago was actually in the riots participating, which if anybody knows chicago, that wouldn't be too surprising. >> and so what are we as -- like center your inner white, midwestern for a moment, or any american, maybe more so a southerner. what are we afraid of? this is what we are afraid of. this is what we are afraid of. right? yonge healthy african-american who we have decided didn'tknow how to use weapons before they went to europe and came back knowing which of course they did -- we trained them on other whites with the intent to kill and told them that they were doing it for democracy. we are very worried that, especially with bolsheviks whispering in their ears, this could quickly turn against us. that is the anxiety that is being stoked. this is the rumor that is being stoked. and so scenes like this, a parade in fact celebrating the soldiers returning in chicago, you will note the famed griffins -- are they griffins? lions at the chicago public library. >> griffins. >> t

15,000 10,000 vietnam protesters marching on the streets of michigan avenue and mayor daley promised to keep order in his city by which we all discovered he met a bunch of light blue helmeted police officers beating up protesters. famous, i teach every year, you have this mostly dignified convention on one side of the television screen, on the other side of the blocks -- just blocks away are the beatings by police of protesters. norman mailer was so frazzled by he did not know who to support after spending time with both sides. is my favorite symbolic gesture -- he goes to give a speech to the protesters in chicago, he looks at the police officers who are angry. he also sees them as 22 years old and scared, not sure what direction the country is going. he recovered his time in a service when he was asked to do things that way -- might have been unjustifiable. yet shall he action of the speakers turned to face the police officer. the first half of his speech was to the cops and national guard, sympathizing with the contradictions they must feel. then he had the speakers turned ,er -- turned to the audience 18,

on the right, where mayor daley, and autocratic leader who vowed to main stability in his city at all costs. in the weeks leading up to be convention, he denied permits for demonstrations and he brought in the u.s. army and the only national guard. he said, and i quote, as long as i mayor of the city, there will be lot in order in the streets." as represented here from a yippie, they organize what they call the invasion of chicago, complete with demonstrations and limited public concerts. there were other kinds of viewities meant to bring a of the proceedings. they nominate a pig for president. to promote the event, the yippies published fires and held rallies. they would pick up delegates at the airport and drive them to wisconsin or hyper potent yippies would produce wives. lsd would be dumped in the water supply. the one the mayor took seriously herto storm the apathy at -- amphitheater. it played on the constituents to incite fear, confusion, misunderstanding, a form of art and satire. the cross between the forces and protesters began immediately with the violence intensifying as

city. chicago at this point is still under the control of the daley machine, which is functionally blocking any sort of actual help of city resources . the pay for play politics that rules the city for this time. in response to that of there are more black aldermen on the city council than ever before, but they can only deal in piecemeal. robert h miller in the city of chicago speaks out once against daily nominee to the public education. just completely shuts them out in the selection. wishing him a nice retirement and he is gone. these politicians while they are representation on the board and is another advancement of leo liberalism. it looks really good when you have more of these with in positions of power. they become and understand their own power in terms of my representation is the advancement of the race. it does show the advancement of civil rights as opposed to meeting the material needs of african americans within these different communities. in response to different sections of issues including policing and education and including housing they begin coming up with their own so

seems like a lot of the activity in this area right now is a lot of the big city mayors, like mayor bloomberg and mayor daley in chicago. can you talk about that a little bit? adam: sure. the disconnect between the n.r.a. and its members is longstanding and recognized a -- and well recognized that if gun owners, and anna remembers in particular, you will find much higher support for improving background checks , closing the terrorist loophole, and you hear about the gun show loophole, at a thick that is a good term, it is not accurate, there is no loophole for gun shows, they have to operate under the same rules as every other place that sells guns, and it turns out that if you are not a federally licensed dealer you don't have to conduct a background check. if you don't have a background check, you can go to other places. you can buy online, you can meet someone at a gun range and buy a gun. but there is a lot of in the remembers, a majority of them, that would support closing the loophole in requiring a background check for every gun purchase in america. i think a lot of people in the n.r.a. to support the

daley machine. the mayor not to have his city taken over by jewish and media leaks from california and new york and long-haired [null] it's. whatever he thought they were. with their foulmouthed's and freelove politics property. this was his property. >> these descriptions of daley's goons, they were sitting right in front of-they were sitting right in front of the day as. so mccarthy or anyone else who was antiwar had to face them. some of them had eyes like drills. others, noses like plows. jaws like amputated knees. they comb their hair straight with the parts on the side. and imitation of the mayor, who, from up close, had redskin with many veins and hair -- combed out straight. at his worst, daily looked like -- and old peasant woman with a dirty gray, silk wig. >> at any rate, no small matter to have illinois dedicate -- delegation under your nose. dailies flunkies and musselman -- make them candidates for contrast -- a contract and a hit. so, gangsters in the flesh. >> at this time, mailer was not a participant. in washington, he threw himself towards the military police and got himself arre