most of those went with the ymca. about 100 of them went with the salvation army and were known as lassies at the time, perhaps an odd term today, but these were women who were hired to go serve doughnuts, open huts and canteens for soldiers in the war, and this began a long history of the american military, sending women abroad to entertain soldiers, sailors, germans, and marines, and that is what the book is going to be about, the long history of these programs. this is something that will start a long history. in world war i, these women were typically in their late 20's. they were, for the most part, single, and they were overwhelmingly white. there were exactly three african-american women who were sent abroad to work with about 200,000 african-american soldiers who also were sent to the war. this picture is a pretty good depiction of these women. somehow puppies keep making an appearance here in world war i today. it's hilarious these group photos they have these mascots and these dogs do make a frequent appeara

by a large, the ymca -- well, it depends on the situation. the ymca generally segregated huts. thatimes it operated huts it would allow african-american soldiers to come into, but what you also see happen in those cases is that the military finds out about it and comes in and down toes it, closes it african-american soldiers. the three women who were tasked donuts and hot chocolate to african-american soldiers were, to put it mildly, overwhelmed. one of the best books about this is by two of these women who wrote a very detailed and great account of their service, and they talk about the men lining up around the building and waiting and waiting and waiting, but also feeling like they are there as representatives of all african-american women in the united states and really feeling that weight in a way that white women did not talk about that. they do not write in their diaries, "i feel the burden of representing white womanhood." it is sort of the invisibility of race for them. african-american women see the ways in which these african-american soldiers are treated and all the

the ymca movement, we think of that ♪ ymca but that was a global movement among men and it was evangelicalovement that went around the world. and people as diverse as dr. mays, and many other people who are in the annals of history, a whole host of people used the ymca movement to go around the world and to interact. the ways that dr. mays met ghandi, he was going to india on the international ymca movement. this allowed the freedom to go and travel. now, i want to put this a little bit quick context, india, south africa was still under british imperialism and one of the ways you could go was to say you had religious duties to do, or to carry out and mays travelled under that us auspices so he could meet leaders. in 1937, mays went to india but travelled through what we now call the middle east or the near-east, however one wants to geographically put this. this opened up a huge world to him. one, he interviewed gandhi for 90 minutes, he wrote about extensively in newspapers, and secondly, he also was traveling because he understood that christianity was a global religion itself. christian

the ymca movement, you know, we think of that, you know, ymca, that song, but ymca really was a global movement among men, and it was an evangelical movement that went around the world, and people as diverse as dr. meis and many other people who are in the an anuls of history used th ymca movement to go around the world and interact in ways that dr. meis met gandhi was, in fact, he was going to me intera movement. and this allowed the freedom to go and to travel. now, i want to put this a little bit -- a quick context. in india, in south africa, we're still under british imperialism, and one of the ways you could go is to say you had religious duties to do or carry out and maibs travelled under that awe spiss so he could meet leaders. and in 1937 meis went not only to india, but he traveled through what we now call the middle east or the near east, however one wants to geographically put this. and this opened up a huge world to him. one, he interviewed gandhi for 90 minutes, which he wrote about extensively in newspapers, and secondly, he also was traveled because he understood that ch

he was part of the ymca. the ymca helped a lot during the war. they built barracks for the american soldiers. they also provide its food supplies, anything they could. many civilian organizations such as the ymca, they are not the only one, they helped a lot in giving, trying to make life easier for the american soldiers who were fighting so far away from home. >> here we have the grave of any readily. she was part of a hospital. they were important because that is where the troops were evacuated after they were wounded in battle. she died but it is likely would've been the result of a combat wound, but she would've died most likely from the influenza epidemic which was raging into the whole area on the western front. the second wave of the influenza epidemic had reached france. it wreaked havoc on the american troops. it would have spread all around the civilians and the combatants, including the french and the germans. >> among the unknown soldiers buried in the meuse-argonne, three are kind of special. the three from that row are the three ame

he was part of the ymca. ymca's helped a lot in the war. they built barracks for the american soldiers. they also provided doughnuts, any kind of food supply. many division organizations such as ymca are not the only once. -- not the only ones. they tried to make life easier and better for the american soldiers fighting so far from home. >> here we have the grave of any everly, part of an evacuation hospital. this is where troops were evacuated after being wounded in battle. she actually died during the news are gone, but -- a muse

and the ymca. the ymca's helped a lot during the war and the realigns, especially. they build barracks for the american soldiers. they also provided donuts, any kind of food supply, anything they could. so many civilian organizations, such as the ymca, they helped a lot you giving train to make the life easier and better for the american soldier who are fighting so far away from home. >> here we have the grave of any, who was part of an evacuation hospital. they were important because that's where the troops were evacuated after being wounded in battle. she actually died during the meuse-argonne, but it's unlikely that it would've been a result of combat war. but she would've died most likely from the influenza epidemic, which was raging into the whole area of the western front. the second wave of the influenza epidemic had reached france and wreaked havoc on the american troops and would've spread all around most civilians and all of the combatants, including the french and the germans. so among the unknown soldier is buried in the meuse-argonne, three are kind of

if you look, he was part of the ymca. ymca had a lot during the war, in the real lines, especially built barracks for american soldiers. they also provide doughnuts, any food supply. many civilian organizations such as ymca, they are not the only one, they helped a lot in the real line giving -- trying to make the life easier and better for the american soldiers who are fighting so far away from home. >> here we have the grave of annie revely who was part of an evacuation hospital. that's where the troops were evacuated after being wounded in battle. she actually died during the meuse-argonne. it's unlikely it would have been a result of a combat wound. but she would have died most likely from the influenza epidemic, which was raging into the whole area on the western front. the second wave of the influenza epidemic had reached france. would have spread all around to most civilians and all of the combatants, including french and german. >> along the unknown soldier buried in the meuse-argonne. three are special. three fir

she is the president and ceo of the ymca. it is a key community partner in combating senior loneliness. thank you for being here today. we look forward to your testimony. >> i want to thank you for inviting me today. i am here representing the 2600 ymcas that serve communities across our country. i am grateful for the opportunity to share the story of how they connect and support older adults every day. our mission is to strengthen communities by connecting people of all backgrounds. this has been at the core of who we are for 175 years. today we know many are struggling to make these life-changing connections. 40% of adults say they feel lonely sometimes or more than that. the mortality rate of being socially disconnected is similar to the impact of smoking 15 cigarettes a day. that is greater than the impact associated with obesity and inactivity. the health risks for our older adults are heightened even more because they are more likely to feel isolated and disconnected than younger americans. at the y, older adults find t

he was part of the ymca. ymca helped a lot in the war. they built barracks for the american soldiers. they also provided doughnuts, any kind of food supply. anything they could. many civilian organizations such onlyca, they were not the one, they tried to make life easier and better for the american soldiers fighting so far from home. >> here we have the grave of andy everly, part of an evacuation hospital. this is where troops were evacuated after being wounded in battle. she actually died during the meuse-argonne, but she would have died most likely from the influenza epidemic, which was raging into the western area of the front. the second wave had reached france and wreaked havoc on american troops and would have spread to civilians and all combatants, including the french and the germans. >> among the non-soldiers varied in the meuse-argonne, three are special. the three american soldiers that were not elected to be american soldiers buried in arlington. in 1921, it was decided to have one american non-soldier to symbolize all the lo

a lot of you may not know about the armed services ymca. we were established during 1861, the longest continuous military support organization in our nation. we currently have 13 branches, 25 affiliates. we serve 95 installations across the country to include bases in alaska and hawaii. we provide a broad spectrum of programs and services to military families. we provide all types of childcare, full day childcare, before and after childcare as well as drop-off care, including free drop of care at military hospitals. a lot of those folks who drop their health -- drop their kids at the hospital are going for mental health or brain health. we are providing preschool enrichment programs. all of this helps our military kids learn and grow and helps families connect. our -- art has been a key element in every one of the curriculums we use for our programs. i want to provide one example where art took hold at a location in san diego. we provide a warrior care initiative that has been in place were 20 years at a hospital in san diego, and it is an

there is a poster she did of a young ymca woman, handing out coffee and books. entailed having lots of female support. it was an important time for feminism, so many women supporting the war effort, going abroad as she did. she went to france. she was an entertainer, an early version of uso. this lovely picture on the right, asking for support for the ymca, she used herself as the model. that is a self-portrait of her extending that coffee cup to the right, asking for support for the ymca,doughboy. steve: chapter three, mirroring masculinity. there are so many elements as you look at this artwork. mr. lubin: a wonderful painting s-curveng mother in an position. in oneholding an infant arm and the hand of her daughter, in a sailor suit, on the left. this is on the hudson river, up in the mountains. they are watching the troops go off to war. presumably dead is one of those soldiers we see marching off. it is a splendidly beautiful picture. i love in particular, nobody know about this painting until about 10 years ago. the philips gallery in washington. ors werese

the ymca team will play the winners of this game. next week a team of veterans play a union team a factory workers. parents, students, friends sing together, work in play together. no perfect understanding has been reached. but thousands of children and their parents have been reached. in this room sit negro and white, school girl and housewife, catholic, protestant, to. the harmony we see is richer than the harmony that we hear. they're unity reaches outside the school building. their unity lives. it spreads. street wars have ended. in this community, juvenile delinquency has increased and is still shrinking. they are learning to live together, to make brotherhood part of daily life. friendliness is natural for children. there is more to do, but what they have done any parents can do in any community. my parents can make community living better for everyone. my parents me teach along with the love of peace and respect for their fellow human. they are doing in many parts of the city. how is it in your town? do you live near freeport,

the ymca team will play the winner of this game. at team of veterans played the union team of factory workers. ♪ parents, students, friends, neighbors, setting together, work and play together. no perfect understanding has been reached but thousands of children and their parents have been reached. in this room sits negro and white, catholic, protestant, jew. the harmony we see is reacher-- richer. ♪ [indistinct singing] there unity lives, spreads -- their unity lives, spreads. juvenile delinquency have strength and is still shrinking. they are learning to live together. to make brotherhood part of the daily life. friendliness is as natural as milk for children. ♪ there is more to do. but what they have done, any parent can do. parents can make racial unity away towards better living. -- a way towards better living. better peace and respect for fellow humans. they are doing it in many parts of the city. how is it in your town? do you live near free point, then you know the murder of two negro soldiers, the reason? only the color of t

the ymca will play the winner of this game.t week a team of veterans plays a union team of factory workers. ♪♪ parents, student, friends respect neighbors sing together, work and play together. no perfect understanding has been reached. but thousands of children and their parents have been reached. in this room sit negro and white, catholic, property student, jew, the harmony we speak is rimer than the harmony we hear. their unity spreads and street wars have ended. they are learning to live together. to make brotherhood part of daily life. friendliness as natural as milk for children. there is more to do, but what they have done any parents can do in any community. parents can make racial community in a way toward better living, a way that children may learn from infancy and parents may teach along with love of peace and respect for fellow humans. they are doing it in many parts stift. how is it in your town? do you live near freeport? then you know the murder of two negro soldiers. the reason? only the color of their american

the ymca and its local director will join full-strength in any community effort.he westside leader of the neighborhood pleasures that pledges the support of his organization. the holy name society will cooperate, the district president of holy name promises his support. his organizations and strength, the american jewish congress will give every assistant. a congress leader in this community will help develop a plan of action, help. out. the council of organizations will support any project for this. the parent-teacher associations joined in the movement, a woman of the new york public library accepts the share of the work. altogether, they agree on a program of recreation and educational activity for parents and children of all colors, religions, languages. where can this program begin? surely the schools of the neighborhood are the logical plan. the principle of joan of arc junior high school agrees, representatives of all the groups meet to shape their plan, they elect a physician and civic leader as chairman of their new united group. now to work, who will hea

many young chinese got their first training in various things at the ymca. perhaps the most important part of this particular one was that many young chinese got their first training at the ymca. this particular one has a pool in the is ament. san francisco was very proud of the sutro baths. we were not allowed to enter the sutro baths. if you wished to learn to william olympic style you had to come here. we are standing in front of a playground built by a chinese american in the 1950s. he was not a national league, but entrance level basketball player. he became the most famous chinese american baseball player in the' 50s. today there is another one. jeremy lin. he is looked to with great respect what you he finished harvard first and then he went into professional basketball. he is an object lesson to all children. finish your education then go into professional sports. we are stopping here. please step against the wall, please. to look at several things. we looked at the chinese consolidated benevolent organization. it was made up of other organizations.

a ymca team will play the winner of this game.am of veterans play the union team of factory workers. ♪♪ parents, students, friends, neighbors, sing together, work and play together. no perfect understanding has been reached, but thousands of children and their parents have been reached. in this room sit negro and white, schoolgirl and housewife, catholic, protestant, jew. the harmony we see is richer than the harmony we hear. their unity reaches outside this school, this building. their unity lives. it spreads. street wars have ended. in this community, juvenile delinquency has decreased and is still shrinking. they're learning to live together. to make brotherhood part of daily life. friendliness as natural as milk for children. there's more to do. but what they've done, any parents can do, in any community. parents can make racial unity a way toward better living for all of us. a way that children may learn from infancy and parents may teach along with love of peace and respect for fellow human. they're doing it in many parts of

any of whom were ymca members back home fire to the start of the war. the members of the christian commission realized the needs of this soldiers were temporal and spiritual. if -- it would be difficult if not impossible to track them to christ if their knees were not messed first. therefore the varied activities were at the base directed towards preparing soldiers to receive and act upon the christian message. and although the christian commission has been remembered largely in history books as an agency that treated bibles and other materials to the forces which is correct, it did more. it also engaged in activities ranging from supplying fresh food to the troops to teaching black soldiers all in an attempt to bring these men to the lord. and a commission chairman suggested, there is a good deal of rigid and -- of religion. temporal -- which was formed in the summer of 1861 to complement the army's medical bureau. and from its inception, they concerned themselves largely with problems that range from sanitation, drainage, diet and medical care. and yo

we have 2700 ymcas, all through the country. and the program locations have served about 62,000 people. that may seem like a drop in the bucket. but there are 84 million americans living with prediabetes and only 10 % of them know it. so we only, it is only a drop in the bucket. we have much more work to do to be able to do that. and it's going to take a lot of organizations working together, including with health care partners with, technology, with other community-based organizations to see an impact. >> so so farthest have been up and run foorg couple of years? >> uh-huh. >> is there anything you've learned about what works or doesn't work? that's different from the pilot? and also, i mean if you're finding that basically you're having success in these programs and they're helping people and maybe you talk about what the measure of success is, but also, do you then, does it, this fact that you are kind of a drop in the bucket, does that lead you to think that maybe we need, there's cms is sort of been holding up the approval

through the ymca, we do that through a brick and mortar approach. we have 2700 ymcas all over the country. about 1100 program locations right now. those program locations have served about 62,000 people. that may seem like a drop in the bucket, it may seem impressive, but there are 84 million americans living with prediabetes and only about 10% know it. we only -- it is only a drop in the bucket. we have much more work to do to do that, and it's going to take a lot of organizations working together including with health care partners, with technology, with other community based organizations in order to see an impact. >> so so far, these have been up and running for a couple years. is there anything you have learned about sort of what works or doesn't work, you know, that's different from the pilot? and also, i mean, if you're finding that basically you're having success in these programs and they're helping people, maybe you can talk about what the measure of success is, but also, do you then -- does frankly, you are a drop in the bucket. does that

the ymca was complicit in this discrimination. president johnson realized that racism and follow them for 3000 miles across the atlantic to the very heart of the world's sorrow. they quickly started to minister to the soldiers. they felt an obligation to communicate to the french what it meant to be black in america. officials were courteous to the soldiers but the white secretaries were terrible. the black women believed they had to care for the soldiers. the huts they lived in were segregated and overcrowded and yet, they did their best to not only bring education to the soldiers, many of whom were nonliterate moment also to provide them with -- the ymca only send about 25 cap can americans to do this job for hundreds of thousands of soldiers. they were also suspected of being radicals from the dubois faction and were under constant surveillance. any protest over their treatment was viewed as disloyal. all of this compounded with the fighting in war, creating a sea change in soldiers and secretaries alike. they racial consciousn

the ymca is known for its asphalt court and a disco song rather that it's evangelism. elias assad to courtney its efforts to administer to the needs of the union soldiers. christian workers felt it was their duty to administer to both sides, they focus especially on the wants of the boys in blue, many of whom were ymca members, prior to the start of the war. the members of the christian commission realized that the needs of the troops were spiritual and temporal. it would difficult, if not impossible, for them to attract it meant to christ if their physical needs were not met first. therefore, the various activities were, at their base, directed toward preparing soldiers to receive and act upon the christian message. although the christian commission is not -- is remembered largely as an agency that distributed bibles and toer christian materials reinforces, it did so much more. they supplied fresh fruit to the troops and taught black soldiers, all in an attempt to bring these men to the lord. noted, theretewart is a good deal of religion in a good shirt and a warm mea

many of whom were ymca members prior to the start of the war. the members in the christian commission realized the need were spiritual. it would be difficult, if not impossible for groups like the u.s. christian commission to attract the union fighting men to christ, if their needs were not met first. in this work, the christian commission was directed for preparing soldiers to act upon the christian message. although the christian commission has been remembered as an agency that distributed bibles and other religious reading material. it did so much more. it also engaged in activities ranging from supplying fresh food to troops, teaching black soldiers, all in an attempt to bring these men to the lord. the commission chairman suggested" there is a good deal of religion in warm shirts and a good beef steaks." the u.s. sanitary commission was formed in the summer of 61 as an organization that attended to complement the army's medical bureau. from its inception, the sanitary commission concerned itself with problems in the army ranging from sanita

and might provide a good breakfast as a way to make extra money for their families and this is a ymca room. this is the rock you if any of you have visited the african-american museum in washington dc. you've seen the the rock for rock which was a a leash a leisure place to stay in kittery, maine. it was an african-american guest house. that was run by hazel and clayton sinclair and this is the rock in its original environment. this was a place that was away from the beach. the beaches were segregated in portsmouth and in kittery, but you could go and you could stay for a week or two weeks at rock rest. you could enjoy your meals at rockrest hazel was apparently a really good cook and she catered meals for the white community as well as for the black community. there were other places to stay like mackenzie's court in hot springs and hot springs, arkansas, which was a motor hotel and perfect for the automobile you could park right outside your door. most of these places were owned by african-americans, but some were owned by white americans but catered only to black people. these are

we talked about the founding of jazzercise and how this dancer went to a ymca to get her fitness level tested. the witness -- they were shocked that just a dancer could be such a powerful -- so strong. she goes on to create jazzercise, dance cardio format, which has an interesting business story which is not told. jazzercise, dance cardio, it is mostly women, it is meant to enable women who might be self conscience -- self-conscious about taking time for themselves to exercise, to free them from all that and move together for health and fitness. business side is interesting. -- i will have to go back to that one. jazzercise becomes a franchise. it means individual people rather than working for shepardse, inc. or judy , would go and pay a fee to start their own jazzercise businesses. by 1984, you can see by this clip, jazzercise is the second fastest franchise after domino's pizza. they might go hand-in-hand. quite a few fast food things are on there as well. one of the reasons this is important, the franchise model continues to be an important form of growth for the fitness industry a

so the red cross picked up, where the ymca in the salvation army has left off. and they created about 319 club mobiles. they provided amusement. and the uso provided recreation in the form of live entertainment. that is a tradition that continues even until today. civilian women who are going to go to war, are in some ways still echoing that of world war i. to provide the men, of an image of something to fight for. there is a basically to bolster their sense of manhood, but not too much. and we will get into that as well. and they are to maintain a sense of normal relationships. so a bit of optimism. the women are to distract the boys from trouble. and i say that in air quotes. there's a bit more optimism, but it's still very pragmatic. for world war ii. somebody jane, the woman i will begin with. as an adventurous young woman in her twenties, with almost a desperate desire to serve overseas she is exactly what the red cross is looking for. she is healthy she is college educated she is vibrant, she is very excited and very much wanting to do this kind of work. a

he was here because they were the ymca. madame walker had donated money to establish it continuing her philanthropy. it that you hope people learn about the history and the city? >> there is a rich history. about empowerment. there were reasons why individuals stated that community. they continue to thrive. there was success and growth and progress. our cities tour staff recently traveled to indianapolis to learn about the rich history. to watch more history from indianapolis and other stops on our tour, visit c-span.org/cities tour. you are watching american history tv all weekend every weekend on c-span3. peter talks about lessons from history that shaped temp during his vietnam war service and later as a businessman and leader. he is the former president, ceo and board vice chair of marvel entertainment. part of anation was annual conference and washington, d.c.. i am going to take the

ymca is orchestrating efforts and we are out raising private money to do it. we have support already for many of our programs to engage young people and service on public lands through companies like american eagle and coca-cola and the north face and a big announcement coming later on this week. what it says is we don't have to do it all on our own budgets and with our own employees. we can do it by working together in partnership. we can be so much more together than we are apart. so i want to thank the leadership of the national league of cities. clarence mayors becker and coleman and all of you for stepping up and showing us the way with the work that you are doing and recognizing. let's give you guys a round of applause for that. [ applause ] recognizing that we want our young people to stay. we want our young people to come home. we want them to build careers and raise their families and have as much fun growing up as we did. and we all have work to do it. if we do it well it will be the gift that keeps on giving because young people will have a connecti

all these ymca women, salvation army women, were to remunicipal bond them of their mothers, sisters and sweethearts all at the same time, which you might imagine gets a little complicated, right? they're so symbolize a supportive home front, like we're here with you, we're here to help you back. one official said, and i love this quote, he said, men must be funnished with healthful amusement or they will turn to the first petticoat they see. i don't have to explain what a petticoat is like i do to my students. they're googling on their phone. now, this seems very optimistic. we're going to send girls and it will all be fine, just trust us, right? remember, this is the progressive era, and so everybody was optimistic about everything, right? if there's a problem, we can fix it. and in world war i the problem of vice for the american military, and i'll say it's a very serious problem when you add disease to the equation, right, 30% of the aef had some sort of disease-related device, and that's a serious medical problem. you can't fight a war with soldiers laid up in the hospital. so, it i

he came there to stay at the ymca in 1948. and the klan actually marched down auburn avenue, which is the richest black city, richest black street in the world, as a show of intimidation. he comes back later on and driving through atlanta probably in 1950 or the mid 1950s, he's driving through atlanta and he sees a rat walking down possibly elm street and he slows down because he says that he doesn't want to hit the rat because rats have more and more respect in atlanta, georgia, than a black man. he didn't want to get in trouble for running over a rat. so the fact that he can move to atlanta. work with martin luther king jr representing in congress, then become the mayor of the city within 20 years is a remarkable in and of itself. and the fact that he saw in atlanta that he knew it could be an international city he knew it could be a city that, wasn't, you know, birmingham it wasn't little rock, not even, you know, nashville, that there was something different about atlanta with the airport with the businesses that were ther