roosevelt consulted ustice frankfurter for one more comparison of the stone-jackson candidacy.ff preferred thh attorney general because of their close friendship, but the sitting justice observed -- stone had seniority and to do some experience. an official independent and a new dealer, frankfurter asserted at stone's republican credentials were an asset. is the entry into world war ii seemed a near certainty, frankfurter advised roosevelt that a bipartisan pick for chief justice would serve the president and the court well in the days ahead. fdr advice to jackson that he could inform stone of his approval. stone's nomination met with unanimous acclaim. harlan stone urns another word -- earns another award. in the three documented illustrations of his suggestions, he recommended a democrat, cardoza, to a republican, hoover. an independent, frankfurter, to a democrat, fdr. and republican tt democrat, president harry truman. chief justice stone added his support for burton, but leaving his senate experience it would serve the court well. -- believing his senate experience would s

and it wasn't a liberal activist liberals who said that for the first time since the time of deady roosevelt you could allow corporations to get involved in political action. and it wasn't a liberal activist court that decided the presidential race between president bush and al gore. >> if i could ask a question. jeff sessions, the top republican on the committee, has been critical owea kagen's position against gays when she was dean at harvard and tried to link that saying she was hip crlcal but by not criticizing harvard from accepting money from members of the saudi royal family. what do you make of that? >> first, it it wasn't vell as co. if i i was on the board of overseers of harvard, i'm not sure i would be that eager to accept saudi money even though i think the idea of having real studies of islamic life islamic religion, islamic society is a good one to be having in this country. but that wasn't a decision that she made. i think that's a bit of a stretch. are they going to ask questions about recruiting? sure. they've all talked about that. in my mind, that's a tempest in a teapot.

roosevelt had packed the court by attrition. he made one bipartisan nomination in which justice frankfurter played a key role. charles evans hughes announced that he was stepping down in roosevelt wanted to appoint his attorney general, robert jackson. as a result of the liberated, he spoke with the outgoing chief and all of the associate justices who urged him to act. he called cues to a white house meeting. the retiring chief advocated stones promotion. roosevelt consulted justice frankfurter for one more comparison of the stone-jackson candidacy. he preferred the attorney general because of their close friendship, but the sitting ducks were obvious. stone has the art -- still hhs seniority in his favor. frankfurter asserted that stone's republican credentials were asset. into worlds entry war ii, frankfurter a biased fdr that a bipartisan pick would serve him well in the turbulent days ahead. fdr promised a future supreme court appointed to be disappointed jackson. stone's nomination met with unanimous acclaim. for his nomina

could go back to the 1930s and look at the drought , the devastated that country, that franklin roosevelt had to cope with, and what struck me in president obama's speech last night was how much his plan resembled the three r.s of the new deal-- relief, recovery, and reform, which is what president roosevelt attempted to carry out as well. in 1969, a week after his inauguration, president nixon faced an oil spill off the coast of california near santa barbara that ultimately led to the creation of the environmental protection agency . 20 years later, george herbert walker bush faced the exxon "valdez" crisis in which his response was widely condemned as late and lame and that also led him to pursue regulatory reforms as well. so this is not new by any means. >> michael gerson, you were working for george w. bush when he had to deliver these big kind of oval office speech moments. how did last night compare? how does the entire handling of this compare? >> well, i was a little bit concerned about last night. using the oval office as a setting as a high-rofile setting that spotlights the pr

not reprieved in some way, they were -- they had been executed and the president -- and president roosevelt had convened not as a result of military commissions established prior to their appearance but military commissions created specifically to deal with their cases, president roosevelt had convened the commissions, the supreme court ruled that the commissions were appropriate, and they had been executed within 60 days. it's not a proud time in american history, although it's kind of interesting that the president seems so intent on making sure that there was such a -- such alacrity and such dispatch in the way the case was processed. the truth of the matter is, some of those individuals who had come into the country immediately went to the f.b.i. and said, we're here and we're here to destroy critical infrastructure in america. you better stop this operation. now, it's an unproud moment for the f.b.i. because the first exposure to these people with that confession resulted in, oh, you guys are kidding. and then a second approach resulted in the actual taking serious of this and i think

commo, and it was not activist liberals who said that for the first time since the time of teddy roosevelt, you could allow corporations to get political action, and it was not a liberal activist court decided the presidential race between president bush and al gore. >> i want to ask a question that jeff sessions has been critical of elena kagan's position regarding military recruitment relating to discrimination against gays when she was dean of harvard, and saying she was being hypocritical by criticizing that policy but not criticizing harvard from mexican money from members of the saudi royal family for a center. what do you think of that? >> if i was on the board of overseers of harvard, i am not sure i would be that eager to except saudi money, even though i think the idea of having real studies of islamic life, islamic religion, islamic society is a good one to have in this country. that was not a decision she made. i think that is a bit of stretch. are they going to ask questions about recruiting? sure, we have all talked about that, but in my mind that is a tempest in a teapot. th

franklin roosevelt, his 100 days. the first bill he passed the of the emergency banking legislation. the second bill that he passed, within hours of the american team banking act, is something much less remembered. the economy act. it cut the salaries of employees and veterans, and was introduced for the urposes of fiscal stability. it did not have the support of liberals in congress. he had to pass in with more centrist republicans. liberals write that part out of history. similarly, with lyndon johnson, the first piece of legislation he passed was not some big great society thing. the first thing he did was pass tax cuts. host: do you think candidate obama, noo-president obama, the hopes to hide? guest: there is a question whether he is responsible for the or whether or not people did it to themselves. i talked a little bit in the piece about the hope that was there in november 2008, when he won and took the stage in grant park. without analyzing it scientifically, there is some combination there of thing that turne

roosevelt spoke about restoring ancient truths. the measure of the restoration, roosevelt said, lies in the extent we apply social values more noble than monetary profit. the financial practices that this legislation seeks to reform have made few americans very rich but by taking advantage of working middle-class families who needed to borrow money and honest investors who wanted to lend it and by diverting too much of our economy from productive honest work. we need to restore the faith in which we have erred. this bill is a start. i yield back my time. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman from texas. mr. sessions: thank you, mr. speaker. at this time i'd like to yield three times to the distinguished gentleman from california, the gentleman from the financial services committee, the gentleman, mr. royce. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman is recognized for three minutes. mr. i thank the gentleman for yielding. i don't know -- mr. royce: i thank the gentleman for yielding. i don't know why it would be a surprise to the left

i am hopeful your background and experiences to use the words of teddy roosevelt, the experiences of someone who has actually been in the arena, will help you be that person. i am hopeful that you will use your great skills and abilities to bring thank common sense perspective to the court. and remember, that the cases that you hear involve real people with real problems looking for real remedies. thank you very much. >> thank you very much, senator klobuchar. senator kaufman. >> thank you. welcome solicitor general kagan. welcome also to your family and friends. and i want to congratulate you on your nomination. we are now beginning the end of an extraordinarily important process. short of voting to go to war, a senator's constitution is obligation to advise and consent on supreme court nominees is probably his or her most important responsibility. supreme justices be ford liar. once the senate confirms a nominee, she is likely to affect the law and the lives of americans much longer than the senator who's confirmed her. as senators, i believe we have an obligation not to the base o

as far as the letter goes, it seems the same idea as priming the pump as during the roosevelt era. most important to me, if the money is released for the teachers and unemployment benefits, etc., it has a multiplier effect. each dollar spent is worth something like $1.64. if nothing else, people are desperate. i don't think it will last all that long. maybe we will need to change our host: john boehner, harry reid, and mitch mcconnell, among others are quoted in this letter. we are at a critical juncture. on the twitter page, carrie asking when it will stop. gary is joining us from sterling, virginia. your reaction? caller: thank you. i believe the best way the money could be spent as if it were put into energy because having lived for the last 40 years on the lower rungs of the economic ladder, the biggest hitch by dick has been in the price of fuel. you would not believe how much 35 cents per gallon makes a difference to you when you'rr only making $4 or $5 per hour. one other thing, mr. scully, i have a problem with you because the last time i heard you interviewing senator gort

to paraphrase president roosevelt, it is not the critic who counts. the credit belongs to the one who is actually in the arena, who strives to do the deeds and in at the best knows in the end the triumph of high achievement and his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who neither know victory or defeat. there are always critics on the sidelines but you have actually been in the arena as a manager, as teacher, as an ad advisor and a consensus builder and a lawyer. in every job you have worked very hard and done very well. that is why you're before us being considered in the words of teddy roosevelt for this high achievement. your work on the frontlines tells me that you have practical experience thinking about the impact of laws and policies on the lives of ordinary americans. when you're involved considering the nitty-gritty details, you have to figure out when to compromise and when to hold firm. you have to know exactly what the consequences of your recommendations will be. you have to think about the lives that will be impacted. you

not reprieved in some way, they were -- they had been executed and the president -- and president roosevelt had convened not as a result of military commissions established prior to their appearance but military commissions created specifically to deal with their cases, president roosevelt had convened the commissions, the supreme urt ruled thathe commissions were appropriate, and they had been executed within 60 days. it's not a proud time in american history, although it' kind of interesting that the president seems so intent on making sure that there was such a -- such alacrity and such dispatch in the way the case was processed. the truth of t matter is, some of those individuals who had come intthe country immediately went to the f.b.i. and said, we're here and we're here to destroy critical infrastructure in america. you better stop this operation. now, it's an unpud moment for the f.b.i. because the first exposure to these people with that confession resulted in, oh, you guys are kidding. and then a second approach resulted in the actual taking serious of this and i think the preside

the big government spending and all the spending on infrastructure, back then, though, under the roosevelt administration they created the w.p.a. and c.c.c. camps and things like that and put people on government welfare to work building all that infrastructure. now we're paying people to not work. mr. akin: it's gotten even worse, hasn't it? mr. broun: it has. mr. akin: t charts you chose actually have a relationship to each other which you alluded to the mechanics of what that connection is. that is, when the government creates a job by hiring somebody, it does create a job. the problem is, it kills two other jobs in the private sector. so you think to yourself, hey if we have unemployment, let's, for the temporary sense, get the government to spend some money, hire a bunch of people, that will take care of the problem in the short-term, maybe the economy will rebound an maybe the government will shrink and more private sector jobs come along. no so. what happens is this when the government creates jobs it spends more money, takes money away from tremendous the private sector and drives

president roosevelt convened a commission. the supreme court during the commissions were appropriate. they have been executed in 60 days. it is not about time in american history prope. it is interesting that the president seems so intent on making sure there is such a dispatch in the way the case was process. some of those individuals who came in and immediately went to the fbi and said "we are here to destroy the infrastructure." you better stop this operation. it is not a proud moment for the fbi. the first exposure resulted in "you guys are kidding." a second approach resulted in the actual taking series of this. i think the president, it is reported that he was upset. it is reported that j. edgar hoover was upset over the idea that americans could be so susceptible to damage in this way. the president said, "we better move quickly as possible and resolve this issue and signal that we are not week in this respect." if that is the case, i think the president deserves at least the credit for preserving the safety and securit

about 10 minutes, tony is a contribute roosevelt room. ron, i'm sorry. ross who is with the economic policy substitute the vice president of that substitute of that institute. both will join us in a couple minutes. the "new york times" sunday magazine has a look at some of the books many of you may be reading. number three is laura bush's book spoken from the heart. michael lewis' book. christoffer hitchen's hitch 22 is number nine and malcolm glad welle's the outliners is number 10. good morning. democrats line. caller: hi, how are you? host: fine. thank you. caller: i just have a couple things to say to address a couple callers i heard. host: sure. caller: the guy in pennsylvania whose son is in afghanistan. who cares if his friend is black and republican. what does color have to do with anything? seriously. are we back in the 1950's? and the guy from mass, he said everyone pull together like this. but the guy from virginia said he wants congress to be in a war zone. he clearly is the biggest idiot. we're always going to agree to disagree. so we need t

. >> they actually began the meeting with the president in the roosevelt room with an apology from the chairman. it was not something we asked for. the meeting then turn to the president laying out the concerns we had, the things we thought that were very important to be addressed. he talked about the containment that is ongoing and the fact that every time he goes down to the gulf, he visits with these individuals, small businesses who are feeling the impact and the need to get that addressed. and the best way to move forward would be through an independent process not run by the government or bp, and an escrow account to ensure adequate funds to meet the needs. again, if they are not adequate, there is not a floor and not a ceiling. they remain liable for the cleanup costs, and now what we have is this fund to honor the economic costs. >> was the dividend something that you pressed them on? >> the president has said publicly going back almost two weeks ago that he understood that might have legal obligations, but he did not want to be in a situation where the people on the gulf of me

franklin roosevelt had a good idea there. and i commend that, mr. speaker. and with that, mr. speaker, i yield back my time. the speaker pro tempore: for what purpose does the gentleman from texas rise? mr. gohmert: mr. speaker, at this time, i would move that we now adjourn. the speaker pro tempore: the question is on the motion to adjourn. those in favor say aye. those opposed, no. the ayes have it. the motion is agreed to. >> in a little more than an hour, defense secretary robert gates talks with reporters about why he is supporting the president's decision to replace general stanley mcchrystal. after that, a tour of one of the areas in louisiana affected by the gulf oil spill. later, president obama and russian president medvedev hold a joint news conference. >> next week, watch the confirmation hearings for supreme court nominee elena kagan, like, starting monday at 12:30 p.m. eastern on the c-span network and at c-span.org and watched replays of each day's hearing every night on c-span2. >> in response to a supreme court ruling allowing certain campaign spending, the ho

roosevelt said, the skeptics and the cynics of washington's day did not beliive that ordinary men and women had the capacity for freedom and self-government. they said that liberty and equality were dreams that could not come true. you know they were like the people who of could haved at the 10 commandments because people were in the habit of breaking 10 or more of them. patrick henry said this, bad men cannot make good citizens, it is impossible that a nation of infidels and idol ters should be a nation of free men. it is when a people forget goo that tyrants forged their chains. so much, so much truth n our heritage. hm. i'll just conclude with this, thomas jefferson's own words, god who gave us life gave us liberty and can the liberties of the nation be thought secure when we have removed their only firm basis and conviction in the minds of the people that these liberties are the gift of god, that they are not to be violated but with his wrath? indeed -- i tremble for my country when i reflect that god is just and is justice cannot sleep forever. this government is not god and the

roosevelt lost his nerve, didn't spend enough money. the president hasn't lost his nerve he spent a lot more money than f.d.r. would have thought of spending he spent a lot more money than keynes would have thought of spending. keynes' argument was this -- i'll solve all the unemployment in america for you, and here's how. we'll get a whole bunch of american cash. i'm paraphrasing, there's an exact quote that does take this message out. we'll get a bunch of american cash, american dollars, and i'll find an abandoned coal mine, we'll drill holes all over into that abandoned coal mine and stuff these holes full of cash. and then we'll haul garbage in there and fill that coal mine up with garbage. this is before the e.p.a. you might remember, and then we'll just turn the entrepreneurs loose to go in and dig up the money. people will dig up the money, there'll be a whole industry involved, almost like mining for gold, i'm adding embellishment here, i'm taking keynes' image and adding embellishment beyond. his idea was people would go dig up

teddy roosevelt once observed that the chance to work hard at work worth doing is one of the best opportunities in life. if i am confirmed by the senate, it will be a great privilege to soldier with our troopers in that hard work, that is so worth doing in that country. thank you very much. >> thank you, very much, general petraeus. let me take care of some important committee business. i would ask the committee to consider a list of 38039 military nominations. it includes raymond or they're y orderno.es are there n all those in favor say aye. the notion passes. do you agree to give your personal use, even when they differ from those in power? >> i do. >> will you insure your staff complies with deadlines established for requested communications, including questions for the record and hearings? >> i will. >> will you corporate in providing witnesses? >> i will. >> will the witnesses be protected? >> yes. >> to agree to testify upon request? >> yes purred >> did you agree to provide documents in a timely member -- in a timely manner? >> i do. >> thank you. let's try a seven-minute first round. g

i think teddy roosevelt understood this nearly a century ago when he said, and i quote, "it is not the critic who counts, not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles or how to do more of deeds could have done it better. the credit belongs to the win -- and now the woman -- who is actually in the korea, whose face is marred by blood and sweat, -- who is actually in the arena, because there is no effort without erring and shortcoming, spends himself in a worthy cause, who at the wars, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly -- who at the worst, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly." [applause] thank you. it takes knowledge to be accountable. having the ability to speak up is important, but it is not sufficient. if you have the guts to take a stand, what you think is a principled stand, then have the brains to based on facts and analysis and critical thinking. in some places, it is always clear what the right thing to do is, where in many other situations, it is much more complex. there is a temptation to come up with simple and pioneer in answers, especial

in 1941, president roosevelt introduced the principle of the autonomy of imperial colonies. to prime minister to winston churchill, and started a debate over british and eventually all european imperialism. in 1957, subsaharan africa's post colonial era began with the independence of ghana. over the following several decades, all other african countries won their independence and joined the international community of sovereign nations. now, resolution congratulates the people of the 17 african nations who celebrate their 50th veer of -- 50th year of national independence in 2010. the american people have benefited greatly from our relations with african nations during the past 50 years. african countries remain among our strongest allies in the world. we enjoy strong economic and political ties with many african countries and we are the beneficiaries of strong cultural and social ties to africa's people. mr. speaker, i urge all of my colleagues to support this important resolution and i reserve the balance of my time. the speaker pro tempore: the gentlewoman reserves. the ge

it is the mistake president roosevelt and congress made in 1937 when we prematurely cut off recovery from the depression, and is a mistake we must not repeat. for the sake of millions of americans who are stopped struggling, job creation must obey congress's top priority. the american ublic says that and we believe that in the congress. but we have seen resistance to more justifiable efforts to create jobs with unpaid spending, and even to keep teachers at work educating our which justified, about our deficit. and many members of congress agree with the "washington post ," when it argued in an editorial just this week -- "we would find the stimulus-now, spinach-later argument more creddble if its advocates gave some hint of where the long-term built-tightening will take place." i agree. an excellent way to build -psupport for the job creation e still need is making credible ann detailed plans to tackle the long-term debt. so now was the time to start talking about the solution to a structural deficit, one we will be ready to put in place oncee the economy is fully recovered. unfortun

i think theodore roosevelt would have started at the idea that we have wealthy dynasties.very generation should earn its own money. and i am disgusted with both parties in congress. one has no courage, the other has no heart. they are both too cowardly to tax billionaires. under eisenhower, it was 90%. we were all doing well. kennedy reduced it to 70%. i think what would be fair is, anything over $1 million, 70%. we need the money, they do not. i am disgusted with congress. host: on the estate tax, cbo says under the law passed in 2001, an acceptable amount for the top marginal rate is 45%. winston-salem, north carolina. good morning, phillip. caller: i was calling in about unemployment benefits. is there a way -- [unintelligible] is there a way that it would seize totally? guest: congress and is eager to show that they are helping families that have been hurt by this economic crisis. obviously, we cannot speak to individual situations come individual eligibility, but there is resolved in congress to extend the benefits that have been created. host: pennsylvania. kneel on

. >> we began in the roosevelt room, bp representatives. when the chairman of the company's books, he began with an apology. -- when the chairmen of the company spoke. >> i would assume so, yeah. >> you seemed to indicate that that would be the basis upon which the president will move toward. >> what i said was the principles are consistent with the principles that the president has outlined on countless occasions dating back to the campaign but likely dating back to his service in the senate. >> many people on the hill interpreted the ambiguity. >> i would focus on what the president said and has said. >> with all due respect, i understand the legislative process. >> i don't know how i can be more clear than to look at what has been said in pittsburgh. >> the climate has to be a component of the comprehensive energy. >> this would crash your computer all the times that the president has talked about the comprehensive strategy. >> there are reports that bp was considering suspending one of their dividend payments. was there any talk at all

president roosevelt had convened the commissions. the commissions were ruled appropriate. they had been executed within 60 days. it is not a proud time in american history. it is kind of interesting that the president seems so intent on making sure there was such alacrity and dispatched in the way the case was processed. some of those individuals who had come into the country went to the fbi and said, we are here to destroy critical infrastructure in america. it is it anyunproud moment for unproud - is ait is an moment for the fbi. they took this serious. the president is reported that the president was upset and j. edgar hoover was upset over the idea that americans could be so vulnerable and susceptible to damage in this way that the president said, we had better move quickly here if at all possible and signal to the world that we are not week in this respect. i think the president deserves at least the credit for preserving the safety and security of american freedom as a result of moving with dispatch. the principle involved is that the way in which you deal with indiv

as theodore roosevelt put it, "i am asking you to do what you can with what you got where your." -- where you can." there are folks who can use a helping hand. once you have reached out and form as connections, you will find it is hard to know yourself to other people's suffering. it is hard to ignore the national debates about the issues that affect their lives in yours. in the end, service lines as to each other. an-- binds us to each other. it is how we become more fully american. that is the reason those donors created the kalamazoo promise in the first place. not for recognition or reward, because of their connection to this community, because their belief in your potential, because of their faith he would use their gift, not just to enrich your lives but the lives of others and the lives of the nation. i am told that soon after the promise was established, a first grader approach the superintendent and a clear to her, -- declared "i am going to college." of first graders. "i do not know what it is, but i am going." -- a first grader. we know how they help bring this community togeth

he had a meeting with president franklin roosevelt early in his administration. randolph asked about the possibility of adopting a policy that would grant the african- american porter's rights under federal law. the president replied that he had been convinced by randolph of the legitimacy of pushing for such legislation, but that he needed a constituency that would make him do it. a constituency was in demobilized and the railway labor act came into law in 1934. -- was in deep mobilize, and the railway labor act came into law in 1934. we've never had a better opportunity to do it. [applause] >> good afternoon, everyone. i was trying to see if you could see me better behind my chair or behind the podium. as you heard, i work on national campaigns, which is an interesting mix. it is not so rare that i was working on civic engagement programs for the national council of la raza for quite some time, working on the voting process, removing barriers to voters participation and the latino and immigrant communities, and i was always run into the immigration issue from t

one of america's greatest presidents, teddy roosevelt, once observed that far and away the best prize that life has to offfr is the chance to work hard at work worth doing. there currently nearly 140,000 coalition troops and over 2 minute 35 afghan security force members engaged in hard work very much worth doing in afghanistan. if i am confirmed by the senate, it will be a great privilege to soldier with them in that hard work that is so worth doing in that country thank you, very much. >> now that we have a quorum, we would do some committee business. there are pending military nomination including this list to be commander of u.s. joined forces, and these nominations had been before the real quick for the required length of time. all members say aye. opposed? the motion stands. we asked and answered questions of all nominees become a force. their standard questions. would you care to applicable laws governing conflicts of interest? >> yes. >> when you give your personal views? >> i do. >> have you attended any actions that would assume the end of the process greater margin and i ha

one of america's greatest presidents, teddy roosevelt, once observed that far and away the best prize that life has to offfr is the chance to work ha at work worth doing. there currently nearly 140,000 coalition troops and over 2 minute 35 afghan security force members engaged in hard work very much worth doing in afghanistan. if i am confirmed by the senate, it will be a great privilege to soldier with them in that hard work that is so worth doing in that country thank you, very much. >> now that we have a quorum, we would do some committee business. there are pending military nomination including this list to be commander of u.s. joined forces, and these nominations had been before the real quick for the required length of time. all members say aye. opposed? the motion stands. we asked and answered questions of all nominees become a force. their standard questions. would you care to applicable laws governing conflicts of interest? >> yes. >> when you give your personal views? >> i do. >> have you attended any actions that would assume the end of the process greater margin and i have

i think teddy roosevelt understood this nearly a century ago when he said, and i quote, "it is not thec who counts, not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles or how to do more of dds cld have done it better. the credit belongs to the win -- and now the woman -- who is actually in the korea, whose face is marred by blood and sweat, -- who is actually in the arena, bause there is no effort without erring and shortcoming, spends mself in a worthy cause, who at the wars, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly -- who at the worst, if he fai, at least fails while daring greatly." [applause] thank you. it takes knowledge to be accountable. having the ability to speak up is important, but it is not sufficient. if you have the guts to take a stand, what you think is a principled stand, then have the brains to based on facts and analysis and critical thinking. in some places, it is always clear what the right thing to do is, where in many other situations, it is much more complex. there is a temptation to come up with simple and pioneer in answers, especially when this cou

and the president told us a year ago, february 10, that %- franklin delano roosevelt lost his nerve and didn't spend enough money. if he spent enough money, he would have, according to the president, spent our way out of the great depression and we wouldn't have to way for world war ii to come along to be the largest stimulus plan ever. it's pretty close to verbatim. this f.d.r. lost his nerve in spending. today's president has not lost his nerve. he has spent money way beyond any previous president. i think the accumulative total in all is more debt and deficit of all the presidents going back to george washington. i expect its true. i think i should have to verify it before i tell you i know it's true. but it's a huge debt that's been run up by this president and this pelosi congress in the house and the reid senate down that hallway without regard to how we ever get back from it. and the argument was that we needed to get money spent into the economy, the stimulus plan. remember? $787 billion rolled up over $800 billion in reality. now they're coming back and to stimulate the economy

he had an early meeting with president franklin roosevelt early in his administration.dolph asked about the possibility of adopting a policy that would grant the largely african-american porter, rights under federal law. and the president replied tha he will be convincedby randolph of the egitimacy of pushing for uch legislation, but that he eded a constituency that would make him do it. a constituency was indeed mobilized and the railroad labor act came into law in 1934. this is a challenge before us. so let's ope and work and make changepossible. we've never had better opportunity to do it. [applause] good afternoon, everyone. i was trying t gain weather you should see me better fom my chair behind the podium. my time is ms. martinez. i work on immigration right now in the national campaign which is an interesting mix but it's not so rare. i was working on civil engagement programs for the national council for quite some time. looking at citizenship process in the latino community. and i would always run into the immigration issue from a civic engagement perspective.

roosevelt and the congress made in 1937 when we prematurely cut off recovery from the depression. and it's a mistake we must not repeat. for the sake of millions of americans who are still struggling, jobbcreation must still be congress' top priority. the american public says that and frankly we believe that in the congress. but we have seen resistance to more justifiable efforts to create obs with unpaid spending and even to keep teachers at pork educating our children because of concerns, which are justified, about our deficit. and many members of congress agree with "the washington post," when it argued in an editorial just this week, we find the stimulus now, later, argument more credible if its advocates give some hint where the long-term self-taxing will take place. i aaree. an excellent way to build support for the job creation we still need is making credible and detailed plans to tackle the long-term debt. talking about the solution to a structural deficitt one will be ready to put in place once the economy is ully recovered. unfortunately, we can blame our long-term defi

they are at the roosevelt room table making policy and we would one easy place to find out what they have to say about these issues. host:çvjo do you think of the oa administration is reading your views? guest: i don't know. >host: how often do you contribute? guest: irregularly. host:tÑ" we will take your phoe calls. stanley, from south carolina, good morning. caller: i have been listening into the conversation. i believe that the president -- we have to spend money to get folks back to work. we have to/+mxñ stimulate the economy. 2áwki believe that we will brig down the deficit when folks get back to work by them spending money,au0-v bringing taxes intoe economy. that is how i think the deficit -- how we will decrease the deficit. of view?ur response to his poine guest: on the need to spend to be able tooffill this call -- i have never been big on deficit and spending. there are natural need from time to time to have deficits. an ecoc downturn, isl) think you want o have things to put to into a deficit to deal with a downturn. i also don't mind borrowing for investment in the f