the irca will usei provision. beforeirca and after, the federal law's only supplement the authority of the state. that means they preserve all of the state authority but -- that they had a i beforerce irca. i think that reinforces that those have been preserved through irca. this is an area that has traditionally been within the mainstream of police power. we acknowledge that congress has the authority to preempt this but the elected board and discretion in terms of our ability to impose sanctions for licensing and similar laws and we are doing so by establishing the suspension and revocation of state licenses. it is important part of the balance the congress struck went to enactirca by addressing what state authority would exist after the congressional enactment. we think the lower courts have properly determined the scope of that determination. unless there are further questions, thank you for your attention this morning. >> thank you, counsel. mr. phillips, you have three minutes remaining. >> thank you. i want

coffield is the first rebel who comes from an elite upper-middle-class background in this post war irca he's not alienated because of his race or his class background or because he was a bohemian, he is a dropout the resident of a department, and this is the dawning of a new kind of trouble. >> what was the effect of the book in 1951? >> it was really huge. the book style was very different from published fiction at the time. it was a kind of almost brad the sort of dialogue stifel that really caught the eye of young people of all ages but especially younger people and the book made quite an impression on the readers of the time throughout the 50's and into the 60's today as well for that matter. >> the subtitle of your book of the white middle class fell in love with rebellion, posed for america. >> besides j.d. salinger catcher of the right, what other sebelius figures were there? >> skill mcginn the initial post war period white middle class folks were attracted to a host of different figures the experience mostly from popular culture, for television country magazine reading, life ma

the depression, and his father was basically a farmer, and john corzine, who also ran gold minute irca what time grew up on a farm in southern illinois, and this is the kind of person that makes it to the top. we are not talking about sums, rarely daughters unfortunately seem to have much place at goldman, but this isn't the sons of privilege, this isn't -- this is real meritocracy and it's an impressive collection of people. honestly in reporting this book and in interviewing these people, they exhausted me. spending three hours with henry paulson can be exhausting because so much energy he came across when he was the treasury secretary as somewhat inarticulate and people have remarked on that, i found him extremely articulate and energetic and charming, incredibly charming. so three hours later with an alpha male like hank paulson i was exhausted. i needed a break. >> i was going to ask of hank paulson because that was once a portrait of henry paulson that comes out in this book is one of the to the role of the tory parts of its -- revelatory. you start out as such a straight arrow a

federal law explicitly prescribes states from enacting laws like this because wh congress enacted irca in 1986, it banned states from imposing sanctions on employers who hire unauthorized workers with an exception for licensing and similar schemes. we think that's a gross overreading of the parenthetical. and justice scalia said it best in the oral argument. he said, you know, i think it's clear when congress passed this law wasn't envisioning anything like the arizona law coming to pass. we think makes pretty clear that arizona can't pass this law. but we'll see how -- how it works out. >> so what are things that got us all the way to the supreme court? >> other than through licensing and similar schemes is the parenthetical exception. so, you know, the whole question is basically how big a loophole that is in practice and, you know, really in our view whether it can be looked at so broadly, it swallows the rule. because arizona's goal when it created this law i think is quite clearly to create a very different penalty scheme than the one that congress enacted. and to create its ownys