, and the consequences of fgc, and how these infections occur, and why they had more problems in the childbirth than other women, who had not been cut, they started saying wait a minute. >> people used to be afraid to talk about this before, not anymore. >> pow how did women in conservative patriarchal societies become able to speak out, especially on a sensitive sexual topic? melching says it's because tostan's approach from the very sta was to involvmen. >> we share our modules with the religious leaders so they see that everything we do is for the well-being of the community, the health, and all of these things are things that islam e spouses, and so they're very happy in general, but first of all they're happy because we start with them. we respect them. >> and that respect also carries over in the group's message on genital cutting. >> tostan found that using practices that shame or blame people really was just the opposite of what would work in changing social norms. we know you love your daughter, and you're doing things because you love your daughter, but let's look at this a