that's -- and -- the a archaic name of the man that puts it in is glazer. >> is there a way to create a more effective glass without the air-space issue? >> what happens is that air-space in between does not transmit heat because the two -- the inside and outside pieces of glass are not touching. >> the lamination is actually an insulation? >> it's not. if you put a piece of plastic in between those two pieces of glass, essentially the heat goes right on through and so does the cold. >> and so does noise by the way. >> i'm talking more about having a thermal break like some window companies have a thermal break in their system so there's outside and inside aluminum. >> the thermal break is plastic that they use in those windows but it doesn't give you the same performance that an air gap do does. and talking about acoustics, it's very -- one of the great misconceptions is that insulated glass, with that air space, gives you acoustical protection, when in fact it does not. it's not what you use for an acoustical problem. what you need -- i mean what's giving you some protection there i

the good news, he was a young glazer, and every window in the city was broken. >> a holy grail of glazing. >> [laughter.] >> so at that point, shortly after the tremors sopped, he said wait a minute, i've got this idea. so paige glass really started in 1906, with that quake. >> wow. >> and he was so busy, he didn't really form an actual company-company, a registered company till 1910. i think that was the first time he had to catch his breath. so, officially, as a company, we're 1910, even though he started in the big '06 quake. >> and this is a really interesting building, which i hadn't planned to talk much about, but this was an unreenforced macery building, i presume. >> it was. >> and it is heavily reenforced. as you walk around, you will see large steel members and all sorts of other kinds of reenforcement, which are really done as well as i've ever seen this done in san francisco. >> we were also the first building to be seismically r reenforced k bracing after the quake in '89. >> what was the '89 earthquake for you like in the glazing business? >> again, the good news was most of

glazer is recognized. >> thank you ltd.hairman, ranking member berman and established members of the committee for the opportunity to appear before you today to discuss emerging threats and challenges the western hemisphere. the western hemisphere is a riche of particular import at the treasury department. economic and financial institutions are fundamentally intertwined with those neighbors peered illicit financial opportunity will inevitably find its way across borders and into financial institutions. stand by to talk about how we are going to treasury department to new tools and capabilities to address this threat. the threat emanating narcotics has been and remains the preeminent illicit finance challenge in the region perhaps within any other illicit financial activity, narcotics related money laundering cases financial institutions at risk and undermines the integrity of financial systems throughout the region. historically economic sanctions have been a primary weapon to target financial networks of drug trafficking