tonight we continue our explo ration of this fascinating organ with our second charlie rose brain series. in our first season we studied brain science. this year we expand our journey to pro i would have a parallel view of brain disorders. for each program and disorder, scientists and researchers have studied the disease from both a medical and scientific perspective will join us. we will discuss disorders with patients, some are physicians. and finally we'll explore our increasing knowledge of brain disorders and how it has enriched our understanding of e human mind. for tonight's inaugural episode, we study how neurological, psychiatric and addictive disorders result from disturbances in different neural systems. our understanding of brain disorders has evolved greatly throughout history. two centuries ago, mental illness was believed to be a disease of the mind, not the brain. those ffering from psychiatric disorders were thought to have defects in their moral integrity. in an attempt to you have toen them, they were subjected to crude and inhuman treatments such as bleedings or even