companies like lucent, for example. so as this was going on, you could see that the plans were morphing into profit centers. so they were a source of cash, a source of earnings. now, unfortunately for retirees and employees, there was yet another thing going on at the time. this coincided with a shift in executive pay. ininstead of just giving executives great big salaries, companies were changing to more performance-based for tax reasons. so a lot of executive compensation now was being tied to earnings, you know? if stock went up, so would your bonus. suddenly, executives' pay had a direct connection to earnings. and, of course, executives that were green lighting these moves to cut benefits whether, you know, deliberately or not were boosting their own pay. and we've heard plenty about how pay for executives has gone up so dramatically over the past 15, 20 years. but what was also happening was that as the pay grew, companies were -- executives were deferring it. so companies were, essentially, putting their executiv