communist part of the soviet union and the soviet union itself all in very close proximity is really about personal ambition about between yeltsin and between got a bunch off and it didn't matter not be provocative here it didn't matter the damage they both left behind it was a power grab and it was for prestige and and legacy essentially and they didn't care if the promised party fell apart or the soviet union it's there it was their place in history and how they would rule in the future obviously mr yeltsin won. yes very much i. couple points i agree peter that i was it was a power grab between those two leaders but i think it's more deep as well and two elements i don't think we may have touched upon in sufficient depth one would be the role of nationalism not only russian nationalism which level yeltsin managed to put himself ahead of but also in the various ethnic republics i think it's no coincidence that the leaders of several sent to several central asian republics today were or have been former communist party bosses and i think the second point i would add would be the stru

and it was unheard of to put americans and soviets on television together in the soviet union. it had never been done before. the people who organized the conference, in fact, evaluated the project as a huge success for the simple fact that no one lost his job. c-span: your organization, again, is called the eisenhower institute? >> guest: well, that's where i was at the time. in fact, now i chair the center for post-soviet studies, which was started in 1991. but i must say that as my relationship with sagdeev deepened, here i was, as president of the eisenhower world affairs institute, an organization named in my grandfather's memory, and just as roald thought he would have to leave his positions, i didn't see how i could in good conscience stay in my job and allow myself to cavort with a soviet citizen, and not any soviet citizen, at that. this, of course, was -- the drama of this for me was underscored by the fact that i was virtually the sole financial provider for my three children. so i really had to think through how i would support myself if it turned into a huge scanda

despite its small size there was scores of major industrial plants in soviet latvia. three of them which employ between ten and fifteen thousand workers each specialized in electronics. another one made minivans which were used as ambulances throughout the soviet union. today their production lines stand idle. factory workers an engine is going to small business. grant for years highly skilled professionals have left the country in search of a job. under the soviets this factory provided jobs for twelve thousand workers it made radio sets radio cassette players and tape recorders to cater to the needs of people across the soviet union. by the late one nine hundred eighty s. several plans making radio an elektra on equipment had been set up in latvia they were the soviet union's most advanced enterprises would know of the go in soviet times i worked in a similar tree for about fifteen years before the break up of the soviet union there were close to eight hundred employees in the design bureau where i myself was employed but have no you can see what's left of its forme

another one made minivans which were used as ambulances throughout the soviet union. today their production line stand idle. factory workers an engine is going to small business. plans for years highly skilled professionals have left the country in search of a job. cashers that so much as i can recall right out of the year and a g.o.p. race for the white house in foreign policy front runners for the republican presidential nomination have made it clear that they're almost all foreign policy hot. under the soviets this factory provided jobs for twelve thousand workers it made radio sets radio cassette players and tape recorders to cater to the needs of people across the soviet union. by the late one nine hundred eighty s. several plans making radio and electronic equipment had been set up in latvia they were the soviet union's most advanced enterprises wilcannia of the korbel in soviet times the a word in a similar oratory for about fifteen years or years go through before the break up of the soviet union in europe there were close to eight hundred employees in the des

in soviet times i worked in a similar oratory for about fifteen years before the break up of the soviet union to there were close to eight hundred employees in the design bureau where i myself was employed and where you have no you can see what's left of its former splendor the only one designer working here. when lanphier achieved independence the republic's government began closing down its industrial giants. the new regime expected most compact and mobile enterprises to replace the old sluggish and largely outdated soviet factories but they were never built in adequate numbers. during the first five years of independence many enterprises were turned into scrap metal levy has sold off cheap and lived off the money real estate and landrieu also soldiering this time which was the summit biggest source of funds during another five year period he will publish the lines just before the country join the european union an avalanche of capital and low interest credit came in here they were not meant to develop production instead they were channeled into land in real estate as a result wind up

in ninety one pounds the public display of soviet symbols. the attitude to us is just a bone about your brittle so there was even a case where a uniformed veteran riding on a bus on victory day had to leave because the driver stopped the bus and said he wouldn't budge unless the mans that are going toward. the monument to soviet soldiers in riga was blown up in one thousand nine hundred eighty it was later restored the act and he masterminded by he goes. he was sentenced to a brief time in prison. now he is again free to walk about central riga together with his son and opening discuss the fate of the monument. it's a myth to some people this is a monument to me it's a disgrace to the latvian nation. the following is nothing that should be simply pulled down symbolizing that we are no longer occupied. in the year when a good fish can blow up the monument another event occurred that course the world's attention. former soviet past is unfair silly kononov had been brought before a latvian court to face criminal charges face actions and world wa

another one made minivans which were used as ambulances throughout the soviet union. today their production line stand idle. factory workers an engine is gone into small business. grant fee is highly skilled professionals have left the country and search of a job. commission free accreditation free transfer charges free. range month three. three stooges free. download free broadcast quality video for your media projects and free media on down to r.t. dot com. under the soviets this factory provided jobs for twelve thousand workers it made radio sense radio cassette players and tape recorders to cater to the needs of people across the soviet union. by the late one nine hundred eighty s. several plans making radio an electronic equipment had been set up in latvia they were the soviet union's most advanced enterprises. in soviet times i worked in a similar trade for about fifteen years before the break up of the servian in europe what they were close to eight hundred employees in the design bureau where i myself was employed to produce legacy what's left of its former sp

another one made minivans which were used as ambulances throughout the soviet union. today their production line stand idle. factory workers an engineer is going to small business. plants vs highly skilled professionals have left the country in search of a job. well the coolies technology innovation all the least of elements from around russia we've got the future covered. under the soviets this factory provided jobs for twelve thousand workers it made radio sets radio cassette players and tape recorders to cater to the needs of people across the soviet union. by the late one nine hundred eighty s. several plans making radio in elec tronic equipment had been set up in latvia they were the soviet union's most advanced enterprises. of the times i worked in a similar tree for about fifteen years before the break up of the soviet union there were close to eight hundred employees in the design bureau where i myself was employed are you know you can see what's left of its were almost burned out of only one design a working year. when lanphier achieved independence the repub

of the soviet union. how do you see the future of kazakhstan? >> it is very much a place writing its own future. they made commitments, last year, they were the head of the organization of security and cooperation in europe. they made a long-term vision for a country that is very much a western country in the sort of democratic and human rights values. that is not something that is going to happen overnight. over the next five or 10 years into the future, this country will continue to remake itself. it has gone from an impoverished soviet country to a modern, growing one. where it goes next is up to the people. it is a constant process. all countries change, but the pace of change here is something different. from independence to today in the same 200 years the united states took, but here it is only 20. >> i know this is a new posting for you. congratulations on being confirmed by the senate. what do you see as your mission? >> my mission in every country i have served in is to try to implement u.s. poli

the soviet union the war in afghanistan has. it so badly back in the eighty's there you know it very much contributed labs any lessons to be learned well this is a lesson that bit by bit put it to a multiple occasions osama bin laden had been part of the anti soviet resistance originally as a humanitarian worker in pakistan and then he eventually went to the battlefield and got so caught up by that he ended up leading a team of arabs who fought against the soviets inside of afghanistan no they were pretty incidental to the fight it's there are far more afghans there were arabs at any given point inside of afghanistan fighting the soviets but to this was kind of the parity got bad faith of how you get a superpower of training that the afghan soviet war brought down the soviet union i think it's not entirely clear historically that it did. especially if you do get it i mean it's a it's not entirely clear what kind of impact it has historians have mixed views on this given that you by nine hundred eighty six the afghan soviet war c

union and you will price tag of those far the worth of the afghan soviet war but if the afghan soviet war was a significant contributor it was precisely to get down in that one theater and thus make good on evil for the soviet union to adapt to other crises that if so i think they are definitely the best of the middle west and in the first instance because this is precisely how big you just fight against the united states which means that wouldn't when your enemy is so intent on grinding down your economy one thing you have to do is make sure that you don't fall into that trap and the second lesson is that even if expenditure isn't a massive part of your budget it can have an impact and as i said the impact of the actives of it where i found should be historically i further to be a historical question mark but what is indisputable is it certainly didn't help the soviet union and the amount of money that the us has spent over all of the war on terror. even when adjusted for inflation is because much more in terms of sheer quantity. but in afghanistan ok let's think america's are the wo

the afghan soviet war brought down the soviet union and i think it's not entirely clear historically that it did. especially tributed. it's it's not entirely clear what kind of impact it has historians have mixed views on this given that you by nine hundred eighty six the afghan war cost about three billion dollars we're going to accept the laughs of oil export money as well as grain shortages within the soviet union and you will price tag on those far towards the afghan soviet war but if the afghan war was a significant contributor it was precisely by grinding it down in that one theater and thus making it an evil for the soviet union to adapt to other crises that it today so i think there are definitely lessons militia lesson in the first instance because this is precisely how did live view this fight against the united states which means that when when your enemy is so intent on bringing down your economy one thing you have to do is make sure that you don't fall into that trap and the second lesson is that even if expenditure isn't a massive part of your budget it can have it impa

the afghan soviet war brought down the soviet union i think it's not entirely clear historically that it did. especially if you did get it it's it's not entirely clear what kind of good bad it has historians have mixed views of this given that you're by nature to six the afghan war cost about three billion dollars i would want to accept the loss of oil export money as well as shortages within the soviet union and you will price tag but those far do worth the after observing it war but if the afghan soviet war was a significant contributor it was precisely by the ground to get down in that one theater and thus making it an evil for the soviet union to adapt to other crises that if they so i think there are definitely lessons image a lesson in the first instance because this is precisely how did you decide against the united states which means that wouldn't when your enemy is so intent on grinding down your economy one thing you have to do is make sure that you don't fall into that trap and a second lesson is that even if it expenditure isn't a massive part of your budget it can have it

the strongest reminder of russia's soviet past is lenin's mausoleum one right square in moscow while the leader of the revolution rest peacefully here at the very heart of russia's capital at present day members of the party he thought i working hard getting ready for the parliamentary election the second major party in russia and like all of those standing in the election race aspired to be the first in one thousand nine to one just before the soviet union collapsed becoming a sponsor of the van saw the republic of russia and was banned by decreed by president yeltsin the two years later the clock emerged under the leadership of do not use uganda the painful transition from state run to marking to in the one nine hundred ninety s. some millions of russians moved into poverty and many became this knowledge of the times of the soviet union when low prices in this. and wages were guaranteed by the state the communist party grew in popularity on the back of that sentiment throughout the turbulent nineties but the turn of a century so great economic stability in russia and the subsequent

be the white house soviet specialist at the end of the cold war. it, frankly, doesn't get much better than that. [laughter] the second lesson is find people who are interested in you and your career who can help you and open up opportunities. nobody gets there absolutely on their own. there are always mentors, and there's another important lesson. sometimes we say you have to have role models and mentors who look like you. well, if i'd been waiting for a black woman soviet specialist mentor, i would still be waiting. [laughter] so your mentors, your role models can come in any color, shape or size. just find somebody who really cares about you and cares about your career. and the final part of that story is that when in 1990 mikhail gorbachev came to the white house, and we were sitting together on the lawn of the white house in the marine one, the presidential helicopter, getting ready to take off for california, i thought, i'm really glad i changed my major. [laughter] and so if you find your passion, if you find people who will support you, if y

some millions of russians into poverty many became this knowledge of the times of the soviet union when low prices in the. and wages were guaranteed by the state because party grew in popularity on the back of that sentiment throughout the turbulent ninety's but the turn of the century so great you can only expect there within russia and the subsequent song in the party's approval ratings yet despite the ups and downs the party has seen its candidates always the second you know presidential elections since the school of if you insist on seven decades a liberal communist illicit union accepted no rivals now they find themselves in a parliamentary election race with six other parties including their major opponent the ruling united russia party which won six times as many seats in the state duma four years ago. that with you hello mr zyuganov and welcome to the show that. says we have an international audience my first question go to this is the communist party happy with russia's current foreign policy and if not how would you change it it's. good to go yes we are definitely not happy fo

>> as you saw we saw the growth of the soviet power. and the soviet union had in this space of ten years to occupy hungary and poland second time coming and it had occupied czechoslovakia. now in the summer of '69 along the chinese border there were military branches along the river between the two sides coming and they were sort of watching these. and then the soviets made the mistake that accelerated considerations. the mistake was did they send in their ambassador to brief us periodically about the chinese? they did that probably because they were considering attacking china, and they wanted to prove that they had a good reason for doing it. i created a map for nixon of the location of these incidents, and then we called in an expert and said if there are expert in these places must they suggest to you who use the attacker and that expert said this is all close soviet and pretty far from the chinese supply forms, therefore it is unlikely that the chinese if they wanted to talk would do it from such a posture, and then we picked up a

should be rejected from soviet times. there were some values that still continue to play an important role. for example, friendship, unity, and good relationships between different ethnicities. >> my reading says kazakhs invented the horse, the tulip, and the apple. i said that as a joke, that they invented it, but they did come from here, didn't they? the domestication of the horse. >> i think you are right, it is historical fact that was recognized by british scientists that kazakhstan is the motherland of apples. this is true by the name of the city, which has apple in its name. also, in the old name of the city, some people say -- which also has apple in it. tulips, even dutch people recognize, they have beautiful tulips, originated from kazakhstan. of course, horses, our ancestors liked horses, and there were integral with horses. the name of kazakhnsmea feeme n.lon.so freedom is something that cannot be available without a horse riding. so horses and freedom, we love to be free. that is something which is integral.