in 1888 grover cleveland, who was the national popular vote winner, lost out to the republican, benjamin harrison. harrison carried 20 of the 25 states and once again because of the implementation of jim crow, the black vote was suppressed in the southern states where grover cleveland won. so, again, there was only 100,000-vote difference between the two, and if black vote had not been suppressed, it is, in fact, i think in my mind pretty sure that the person who was elected president, rutherford b. hayes, wouldn't have been elected president. so finally let's get to the 2000 elections. there were 105 million votes cast in the united states. the margin of difference in the popular vote was a little over 500,000 votes. now, i can tell you and any expert on voting equipment can tell you, and i know about this because i happen to be an election official, county election official down in georgia in the 2000 election when they were still using punch card equipment. and i'm an election official in virginia today. that 50,000-vote difference is within the margin of error of the voting equipment