professor sumida, it was carl von clausewitz? >> he was a prussian officer who fought against napoleon. he first went into action as a teenager in 1790s. later rose to be a midgrade officer, was present at the great battle in 1806. was a subordinate of the chief of staff of the army, and was a participant in the reform of the prussian army after the great defeat. in 1812, he resigned his commission because he disagrees with the king in terms of their decision to be an ally of france, their former enemy, and invade russia. so he goes over to the russian army, serves as an advisor to the czar, and is attached to two senior russian commanders, fisa some of the great battles of 1812 including, was at the retreat of the french army when it's trapped in the late fall of 1812, goes on when the prussians changed sides to fight at the great battles, and then in the 1815 campaign, the waterloo campaign, fights. so he's a very experienced officer. after the war he is appointed to head the prussian war college, and from 1818-1831, he spent m