emancipation came haltingly, slowly in the civil war. it came first on a large scale to northeast arkansas in the summer of 1862. well, on july 12th the army of the southwest finally marched into helena. this brought to a close one of the most remarkable operations of the civil war. during the first six months of '62, the federals marched 700 miles from raleigh to helena, across some of the most difficult terrain in the country, and fought and won a major battle against imposing odds. no other union operation at this stage of the war lasted as long, covered as much territory, or achieved its objectives as effectively. the army of the southwest secured missouri, freed union resources for use elsewhere, and dealt confederate arkansas and slavery a heavy blow. few other civil war operations anywhere had such an impact on the course of events. it truly was a campaign worth commemorating, worth remembering, and i'm so glad that so many of you have come out tonight while we've had this little discussion. thank you so much. >> thank you very mu