this process despite efforts like curlily's, this process under mines the ability of politicians to dole out jobs in exchange for votes. there is not incentive. you don't have enough jobs to go around to begin with. you have enough jobs to keep the irish friends happy but you don't have enough jobs to keep the new italians that arrive down the road or the jewish community over there, you don't have enough jobs for them to you have incentive for them not toet vo, for them to become basically isolated non-participants in local civic life. it was easier to do that too, of course, because the newcomers unlike the irish tended not to speak english. now, it is true that germans didn't speak english in the 19th century and that was annum pedestrian meant to their political mobilization, but it is even more the case that the immigrants who come over from southern and eastern europe, the italians, the slavs, the eastern european and russian jews, the greeks, litt wayne ans, all of the them coming in significant numbers, none of them speak english so it is harder to participate in public life with