when we were working on getting it to africans, i was working on the non-profit that bono star d ed. he had this line that if coca-cola can deliver cold cokes all over africa, don't tell me we can't deliver chill ee eed vaccin vaccines. this is already happening on the ground and some of its not very good but our thinking about aid and our talking about it has to take that into account. i promised that mine would be the explicit and bomb-throwing segment of the panel. i will turn it over to judith to talk about the outside the u.s. perspective. >> thank you very much. >> thank you so much for the opportunity to talk to you this afternoon. it's always a privilege to be at the conference zone world affairs. i will be addressing this in my personal capacity as a u.s. citizens. i thought i'd start off making some remarks in response to discussions that were mentioned. it's absolutely wonderful that we have three women on this panel. i think it also demonstrates this is an area where certainly for those of kwlou are studeyou the audience that are taking positionings in the field and i'd e