from the subsequent climate changes, and this is the case with, like i said, nearly all the mass extinctses. so let mel tell you.my favorite mass extinction. everybody has their -- every scientist has their favorite extinction, so my personal favorite is the one at the end of the permean period, and if you look at this chart of periods you can see it down near the bottom, and even a little thing that says gigantic extinction. so this is 250 million years ago. and at that time the planet, due to plate tectonics, the continentses were completely different than they are now. they were one giant super continent from the north to the south pole and in the area that became siberia turn into a supervolcano -- that's not a scientific term but refers to a massive, massive volcano, and this is a large area where lava is being released in multiple places. so you have to imagine great big vents opening up in the earth. not like a mountain where it's blowing up on the top. big vents opening up, like the iceland volcano we saw recently, and they just start extruding lava. big waves of lava. so it's not e