for example, during the northern hemisphere winter carbon dioxide levels peak because so much vegetation is dormant at that time. on the other hand, during the northern hemisphere's summer growing season, co2 levels are at their lowest. this fluctuation can even be seen in a 24-hour period reflecting the daytime uptake of carbon dioxide by plants when they are photosynthesizing and their release of carbon dioxide at night through respiration. the next step in noaa's diagnosis of the atmosphere is to take measurements close to where greenhouse gases are emitted or absorbed. carbon dioxide is emitted by natural processes such as plant respiration and decay, as well as m-made processes, such as the burning of fossil fuel ese gas emitters are knowasources. carbon dioxide is absorbed by terrestrial and oceanic plants through photosynthesis and also through sea surface gas exchange. these gas absorbers are known as sinks. if you talk about the budget of the greenhouse gases -- that is, to the atmosphere. that is the sum of the sources and the sinks. so if there's more sources than sinks the co

much antarctic autumn winter in the southern hemisphere begins at the same time as the northern summer several times over the short summer season the academic field will approach the coast of the most remote. final voyage of the year. almost a year's worth of food and fuel to the ice stations and take away seasonal crews and aircraft. which. is a tanker or. a passenger ship. and an aircraft carrier. detailed navigational and operational plans are in place. has arrived and no one can ever know just what to expect from antarctica. always comes up with surprises. you have to keep your eyes open because there's always something going wrong if it actually goes well for too long i start to worry there's no way antarctica will let you go on like that without incident it's unpredictable. bags containing polar clothing are stored in the freezer when the ship left some petersburg four months ago the weather was rainy and damp most of the time if the banks were to get wet. they may rot in a warm hold to keep them in optimum condition the clothes are kept on ice until they need to get out of there

for winter in the southern hemisphere begins at the same time as the northern summer several times over the short summer season the academics approach the coast of the most remote. final voyage of the year. two years worth of food and fuel to the ice stations and take away seasonal crews and aircraft. which. are. a passenger ship. and an aircraft carrier. details navigational and operational plans are in place. has arrived and no one can ever know just what to expect from antarctica. always comes up with surprises. you have to keep your eyes open because there's always something going wrong if it actually goes well for too long i start to worry there's no way antarctica will let you go on like that without incident it's unpredictable. bags containing polar clothing are stored in the freezer when the ship left for months ago the weather was rainy and damp most of the time if the banks were to get did they may rot in a warm hold to keep them in optimum condition the clothes are kept on ice until they need to get out of there you'll freeze the standard winter outfit consists of shoes. this

antarctic autumn winter in the southern hemisphere begins at the same time as the northern summer several times over the short summer season the academics will approach the coast of the most remote. final voyage of the year. years worth of food and fuel to the ice stations and take away seasonal crews and aircraft. which. are. a passenger ship. and an aircraft carrier. detailed navigational and operational plans are in place but has arrived and no one can ever know just what to expect from antarctica. always comes up with surprises. you have to keep your eyes open because there's always something going wrong if it actually goes well for too long i start to worry there's no way antarctica will let you go on like that without incident it's unpredictable. bags containing polar clothing are stored in the freezer when the ship left some petersburg four months ago the weather was rainy and damp most of the time if the banks were to get. they may rot in a warm hold to keep them in optimum condition the closer kept ice until they needed to get out of there your phrase the standard winter outfit c

in the northern hemisphere this kind of wind would be called a hurricane but here it's just a regular storm extreme weather like this is common place in antarctica. as soon as their work was done a huge storm rolled in with winds of up to thirty two meters per second the ship has no choice but to wait until it ends it may take a few days though. the main tasks have been completed. things went smoothly surprisingly it was over very fast i didn't expect that. the academic field heads north again to africa after one hundred ninety four days. yet the crew has been out on the open ocean. back at the cape town seaport there's still another twenty eight days or so. but after antarctica even here feels almost like. put it on your cultural phenomena like. the face i think you know. a pleasure to have you with us here on t.v. today i'm sure. i would rather i asked questions to people in positions of power instead of speaking on their behalf and that's why you can find my show larry king now right here on our t.v. question for. that was a new alert animation scared me a little. there is breaking

in the northern hemisphere this kind of wind would be called a hurricane but here it's just a regular storm extreme weather like this is commonplace in antarctica. as soon as their work was done a huge storm rolled in with winds of up to thirty two meters per second the ship has no choice but to wait until it ends it may take a few days though. the main tasks have been completed. things went smoothly surprisingly it was over very fast i didn't expect that. the academic field heads north again to africa after one hundred ninety four days for more than half a year the crew has been out on the open ocean. back of the cape town seaport there's still another twenty eight days or so to petersburg but after antarctica even here feels almost like. place. basic. economic ups and downs in the final months. and the rest that it's going to take it will be every week on a plane. well . it's technology innovation all the latest developments from around russia we've gone to the future or covered. good. to see. her strict. orders. to build a. mission to teach me. this is why you should care only. the

across the richer nations of the northern hemisphere and in japan the average age is around 40 years. in china and parts of asia, it is in the 30's while most people in africa are still pretty young. almost half the population of the continent's most populous country nigeria are under 14, for instance. but even here and in parts of asia, the proportion of old people is growing. in malaysia, the question of who takes care of grandma and grandpa in old age is becoming a social pressure point. the state has long relied on traditional family structures. but these are beginning to fall apart, leaving many old people confused and sometimes even abandoned by their own children. >> robi lazin is 86. she's not enjoying her twilight years. time goes by too slowly, she says. old age is a curse. even though she raised six children, she spends most of her time alone. but once a week, a smile returns to her face, when aziza and siti drop by. they visit elderly people who don't have anyone else. >> no one else bothers to talk to me. my children have better things to do. my grandchildren work and my

autumn has just started across the northern hemisphere, bullet still looking like summer across the waters. we are seeing lots of tropical storms. last week, we talked about typhoon that was usagi which affected southern taiwan. the northern philippines and southern china with floods and this time we have a severe tropical storm first south of japan. this is causing lots of rain and strong winds too the ogasawa islands as we go into tomorrow. as a severe tropical storm, it's going to maintain its intensity, but the good news is that it's not going to make landfall in mainland swjapan. it's not going to produce lots of rain to mainland swra pjapan coastal areas will see high waves and rough seas as well and winds could be a little bit stronger. now, talking about the remnants of usagi, it's now located over southern china. it has weakened. however, it's still packing a lot of moisture to cause heavy rainfall. we're expecting more than 100 millimeters of rain to fall into the next 244 hours. in the line of thundershowers, from this area through the korean peninsula, up into the hokkaido area

the earth's surface than any preceding decade since one nine hundred fifty and that in the northern hemisphere the period of one thousand nine hundred three to two thousand and twelve was likely the warmest thirty year period of the last fourteen hundred years in tonight's bigger picture discussion for the next half hour we'll dive deeper into the new i.p.c.c. findings. talk about the report's shortcomings and discuss what this report means for the future of the debate over climate change joining me now are lester brown president of the earth policy institute and dr brende. climate scientist and assistant director of climate research an analysis of the climate and energy program with the union of concerned scientists and it's great to have you both back on the program thank you so much for joining us tonight so. lester if i can begin with you your thoughts on what the i.p.c.c. said what. your summary it said a lot but the things that i was paying particular attention to was how the various trends are going to affect food security i think that's the weak link in the system and that's where we'r

. >>> as you know, there's been a whole lot of extreme weather in our northern hemisphere this year. some scientists say it's all because of that strange thing known as the jet stream. first alert chief meteorologist topper shutt is here to explain who more about how this works. >> the jet stream guides the path of storms and we've seen all the weather this year, the gamut really, floods in colorado, the late march freeze in florida. the jet stream is a river of fast moving air, the upper levels of the atmosphere, up to 18 to 30,000 feet and there is more than one jet stream. you know when we discovered the jet stream? >> when? >> world war ii. our planes couldn't fly high enough. normally the jet stream retreats north in canada. this year it's gone north and south and dramatic swings in the north and south it split into two streams and john nielsen research professor at texas a&m say the double jets played a huge role in the weather. i'll try to explain it to you, a normal versus abnormal jet. normal jet comes in british columbia summertime and dips down through the rockies and mayb

did tonight's green report global warming is hitting the arctic regions of the northern hemisphere particularly greenland harder than the more temperate or equatorial parts of the earth climate scientists as well as geologists who study past extinctions in the earth's history are watching the arctic and greenland in particular with increasing concern for more on this we're joined by professor jason box a climatologist with the geological survey of denmark in greenland g us and working on the dark snow project live from copenhagen denmark because the box welcome. it's good to be with you thank you please tell us about the dark snow project. that is the project focused on the twenty twelve melt layer in greenland we observed at record setting melt last year in two thousand and twelve and the question of the role of. from wildfire and industrial pollution has not really been answered so completely we'd like to put. this dark material that multiplying an existing sheet. back we'd like to put that into context and we've just returned from greenland we've obtained several course and surface samples w

the route stayed within the northern hemisphere but snaked its way across the globe as the crew wanted the total length to equal the earth's a conference of roughly forty thousand kilometers starting from moscow then on through western europe and north america before finally crossing the whole of russia and finishing back in moscow. and while completing the trip is a new milestone others hope its example will further boost the improvements made in russian civilian flights in and out of the country and around the globe i think what they're trying to do is quite an important country from the point of your development of smaller is the right way and the right and some time ago it became available for us to fly all over the world under the collar rules to fly out of the country and on the russian license there's a russian license to kill a cop just so i think it's an important trip well jules verne's character police folk have to use a hot air balloon to get around the world whereas these pilots get to use the state of the art helicopter in the office in austin six once on the way the crew

in tonight's green report global warming is hitting the arctic regions of the northern hemisphere particularly greenland harder than.

and they say in the northern hemisphere, we can expect even less. we've seen sea levels rise. and we saw the difference that can make during superstorm sandy, because sea levels had risen a foot in new york city. the destruction was that much greater. this report says that we can expect sea levels to rise anywhere from 10 to 32 inches by the end of this century. we are seeing greater concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. we're now up to 400 parts per million. they also say that we can expect more heat waves. we'll see them more frequently and they'll last a lot longer and we know the impact, look at our own country, that has had. we've seen drought in the southwest and all the wildfires out west. >> nbc's anne thompson, thanks so much, anne. >>> a mother serving a 20-year prison sentence for firing a warning shot towards her abusive husband is granted a new trial. marissa alexander's attorney joins me next. >>> plus this -- >> i told everyone to stay seated and somebody who could see said they saw them giving the pilot cpr. >> a united airlines pilot has a hear

it in tonight's green report global warming is hitting the arctic regions of the northern hemisphere particularly greenland hard. or than the more temperate or equitorial parts of the earth climate scientists as well as geologists who study past extinctions in the earth's history are watching the arctic and greenland in particular with increasing concern for more on this we're joined by professor jason box a climatologist with the geological survey of denmark in greenland jean us and working on a dark snow project live from copenhagen denmark because her box welcome. it's good to be with you thank you please tell us about the dark snow project. that is the project focused on the twenty twelve melt layer in greenland we observed a record setting melt last year in two thousand and twelve and the question of the role of so it from wildfire and industrial pollution has not really been answered it's completely we'd like to put. this dark material that's multiplying an existing feedback we'd like to put that into context and we've just returned from greenland we've obtained several course

[laughter] i get the northern hemisphere one and the southern hemisphere one.the flu vaccine is not our greatest vaccine. and it's, and there's a lot of debate about it at the moment. we're trying very hard to develop much better vaccines and get vaccines we can get out there much more quickly. we had a situation. children should be vaccinated. they must be vaccinated between measles, mumps, rubella, polio and these things, and that's really important. but influenza, even the pediatricians have their concerns. particularly as in europe this last year, we had a flu vaccine which had a lot of a particular type of -- [inaudible] and may have been involved in some neurological things that are not so great. and so even the pediatricians are wondering. i think the -- no, i think we have a pediatrician in the awed quince, but i think many pediatricians now believe we should go to the live, attenuated vaccine for kids. it's knotts dangerous, and -- it's not dangerous, and it does a reasonably good job in kids and not be injecting them with lots of virus material. we ha

has been identified by radar studies of the planet from orbit that if you look down at the northern hemispherears, there is an enormous amount of water frozen into the surface. the question is has that water ever been out on the surface or when in the past was the martian surface covered with large bodies of water like lakes or maybe even seas? we can tell that there have been streams of water, and we still see occasionally the evidence of recent streams of water on the surface of mars. that -- at particular times in particular locations. jon: just about everything we know on earth as life needs water to live. does this suggest that there is life on mars or was life on mars? >> i believe that what we want to sort of speculate is that at some time in mars' past it was much warmer and much wetter. evidence shows that the planet was much warmer and much wetter. we'd like to suppose that that indicates that there was a strong possibility that at some time in the past there was life. finding water currently on mars even though it's a small amount, again, raises those hopes that perhaps there's stil

surface temperatures could increase two to four degrees by the end of the century and in the northern hemisphere, the last 30 years was likely the warmest we've seen in 1,400 years. i have a link to that on my twitter account. if you want to read the 31-page report for policy makers, including that's what's sent to everyone there in washington, d.c. >>> so as far as today's weather, very warm in the middle of the country. we're going to see little bit of snow and rain in wyoming. over the weekend, the middle of the country is going to have the stormy weather, the east coast, you look fantastic, what a september it's been, it will continue that way for the last weekend of september. [ tires screech ] ♪ [ male announcer ] 1.21 gigawatts. today, that's easy. ge is revolutionizing power. supercharging turbines with advanced hardware and innovative software. using data predictively to help power entire cities. so the turbines of today... will power us all... into the future. ♪ >>> 26 past the hour, time to take a look at the morning papers, shall we, katty. "the new york times," white house officials