20th century, vienna embodies, perhaps more than any other city, the struggle to break with the ossifiedraditions of the 19th century to achieve a modern art, an art for the 20th century. turn-of-the-century vienna was a prosperous and technologically advanced society, peaceful and secure, the center of the austro-hungarian empire, ruled over for more than 50 years by the last of the hapsburgs-- emperor franz josef. franz josef symbolized permanence and stability. he cultivated a status quo, based on a bureaucracy and state censorship, which exerted a virtual strangle hold on the capital's cultural imagination. artistic life was dominated by the baroque history painting of the fine arts academy. architectural endeavor aimed at creating a sense of continuity with a grand past. the town hall-- late gothic... the hofburg theater-- high baroque... the parliament buildings-- classical greek. against this background, artists and architects across europe sought new ways of looking, new forms of building, that would embody the idealism and progress of the new age. in vienna, these hopes found ex