a black president.hich speaks to this dynamic of how we have to deal with our past more truthfully with a commitment to reconciliation. and we're seeing it play itself out now. too many kids of color are presumed guilty. they walk around, they are assumed to har was,. >> stephen: some young black men do commit crimes. >> no question. >> stephen: doesn't it logically follow that all of them do? >> no, because-- . >> stephen: for safety's sake. >> no, because actually some young white men commit crimes and young white girls commit crime and older white men commit crimes and republicans commit crimes. we're not going to colleges and universities doing drug raid, we're go together projects, the poorest and most desperate areas, that is where we do mass arrests. >> stephen: i got a lot of viewers in college dorm rooms right now. >> that's right. >> stephen: you are saying the cops are not coming for them. >> that's right. that's exactly right, yes. >> stephen: i don't know, what's that sound, guys. bested, b

us trying to create salvation in black communities by marrying off black women to black men, we ought to create the opportunities and resources to sustain -- [indiscernible] michelle alexander herself would say, because i've heard her say it -- there is a part of her understanding of the new jim crow that doesn't interrogate gender in the way that it gives us a possibility of prison abolition. , we domean by that is miss men in our communities, and at the same time, what can we do as people who are trying to envision a different society? i came to this thinking about gender violence. them homeinging differently? what would it mean if we brought men home from prison because we prison abolition community building and said, since you have been gone so long, how are we going to engage mutual raising, of children, building of communities, respecting of queer, gender nonconformity, instead of saying bring men home to marry women and establish nuclear, patriarchal families? what about, bring men home so we can create a different kind of community, and therefore be on the forefront on liberat

in my book "near black" there's a cultural history of black whites who passed as blacks, and there's a couple kinds passing for black -- i don't have too many women in the book which is why your book fills a need, but there's two kinds of passing that you might talk about about. one is passive passing for blacks opposedded to others passing for black and the other is pending passing, and some of the characters you write about engage in that. >> let me just add to that as a way to answer that. one of the things about stresses in her book, near black, a wonderful study of racial ideology and this rare form is passing is that what was passing is rare in american culture and american history. there is lots of instances for largely economic reasons of black passing for whites. whites passing for black is a much more unusual phenomena, and a number of the women i write about in the book engaged in what we to call passive passing, which is to say they did something considered so unlikely or unthinkable that they were assumed, well, that person must be black, and they did not correct the rec

in my book "near black" there's a cultural history of black whites who passed as blacks, and there's a couple kinds passing for black -- i don't have too many women in the book which is why your book fills a need, but there's two kinds of passing that you might talk about about. one is passive passing for blacks opposedded to others passing for black and the other is pending passing, and some of the characters you write about engage in that. >> let me just add to that as a way to answer that. one of the things about stresses in her book, near black, a wonderful study of racial ideology and this rare form is passing is that what was passing is rare in american culture and american history. there is lots of instances for largely economic reasons of black passing for whites. whites passing for black is a much more unusual phenomena, and a number of the women i write about in the book engaged in what we to call passive passing, which is to say they did something considered so unlikely or unthinkable that they were assumed, well, that person must be black, and they did not correct the rec

i'm a black god. she's a complicated figure, but she did mean that, and, you know, i speak as if i was a negro myself, and she meant it. the problems they were posing, because what is it that we can say that says to her, no, you are not allowed to do this. are we falling back on essence, blood, and biology? surely we no longer believe that, do we? race is a social construction. we don't believe race is blood or biology or essence, and miss anne says, all right, if race is a social construction, because this is the 1920s when the idea is developed, she pushed if to the limits saying if race is a social construction, i'm black. harlem said, oh. you're a mess. >> with respect ready for that. >> we with respect ready for that, and i think we are still struggling with that question today which is not to say she's not a mess and not to say she's not cringe worthy, but it is to say what's our answer back? what do we say to someone woo says that? >> that's a good place to bring the audience into discussion. q

or be black.me quite frankly that is more interesting. >> one of the difficult things, and none of them are a lot about roofers in the room, trying to thread the needle and to find a way between trying to imagine what some of these motives might be in get inside their heads. i did consider that to be part of my job without acting like an amateur psychologist and pronouncing or diagnosing and. and i guess i will just leave it to readers to determine how effectively or ineffectively i managed or did not manage to thread the needle. one of the reasons and picked the six that i picked was, i picked women who left enough of a record, either in diaries and letters or in unpublished writing that i heard them talking about the motives, the reasons, talking about how this with their life, why they did it, what it meant to them. and women for whom i could not find that discussion of all -- and one of them was mary white aldington, and it about making major characters in the book because i thought that quest

black men. several things it does -- it creates all black women, p -- women as people seeking husbands. many don't want husbands. they want wives or other marriage partners or other things. it reproduces something that we have known to be true. remember the moynihan report. i just want to recall this. the research was done before the 1964 civil rights act was passed or before the 1965 voting rights act was passed. this democrat, this bighearted liberal democrat decides that the primary problem of the black community, before we are even full-service and, -- full citizens, is single parenting by black women. that has been the narrative. it has nothing to do but -- with public policy, but it has to do with black women and their pathological relationships to their men and children. in fact, the current single parenting and divorce rates among white women right now are precisely what they were when the moynihan report was released. there is no great upward -- that is what the compulsory pregnancy, ab

us trying to create salvation in black communities by marrying off black women to black men, we oughto create the opportunities and resources to sustain -- [indiscernible] michelle alexander herself would say, because i've heard her say it -- there is a part of her understanding of the new jim crow that doesn't interrogate gender in the way that it gives us a possibility of prison abolition. , we domean by that is miss men in our communities, and at the same time, what can we do as people who are trying to envision a different society? i came to this thinking about gender violence. them homeinging differently? what would it mean if we brought men home from prison because we prison abolition community building and said, since you have been gone so long, how are we going to engage mutual raising, of children, building of communities, respecting of queer, gender nonconformity, instead of saying bring men home to marry women and establish nuclear, patriarchal families? what about, bring men home so we can create a different kind of community, and therefore be on the forefront on liberatio

black-on-black violence. black-on-white violence.ved issues. >> to what stented extent is it a rainbow nation? what extent are things getting rainbow nation? what extent are things getting mixed? we like to think we live in a rainbow nation, but in fact, in the states like to a great extent in different neighborhoods. in some ways, it looks to me outside looking in, a little more gracefully mixed up than we've managed in the states. >> here you've got black, white, colored, all sorts of people here. also once you have the knowledge that the economic disparities are managing to keep us divided as well. i think what we need to do is unpack what we mean by rainbow. i think the idea of being united and being diverse also means that there'll be moments of discord. >> and you think things will continue to improve? >> yeah. i think we've seen our worst. and that's not to say that we're getting it right all the time. but it's an experiment you need to find as you go along. that's really the south african story. the dream is there. we all agr

blacks had no vote, no power, no say.s a brutal, racist system that in 1948 was made the law of the land. >> the laws were unjust laws, and they did not oblige obedience. >> teichner: archbishop desmond tutu remembers how it began, as mandela rose in the ranks of leadership of a civil rights group called the african national congress, the a.n.c. >> they were the revolutionaries of their day. they were the wild young men. >> teichner: former "time" magazine editor rick stengel spent countless hours in private conversation with mandela while collaborating on mandela's autobiography. >> mandela went to johannesburg as a young man and was treated in the terrible way that young black men were treated in the 1950s. i think this had a huge effect on him. >> teichner: mandela was in the forefront of growing resistance by the a.n.c., which began to protest the hated laws requiring blacks to carry passes, restricting where they could go. then, a galvanizing moment caught the world's attention. on march 21, 1960, in sharpeville, the

you cannot have an afro-centric, a black- centric future?there were those who felt there we should have a non-racial society, bring people in different walks of life and different political opinion together, and we should you have a nation brought together by reconciliation and move forward. there were some people who felt that we should , as you put it, do our own black thing. but those were in the minority. most people . most people who i came in contact with felt we should talk together. when the negotiations happened , the proposed talks of national government unity, there was a great sense that we could pull our nation together. many people struggled and suffered for many years believing that we can come together as a nation and move forward. >> we'll take a short break and when we return we'll talk more with david ottaway about the last days of apartheid in south africa, and our nelson mandela's influence shaped the post liberation state. stay with us. it's "inside story." >> an al jazeera america exclusive... former president jimmy ca

chicago black renaissance. claims to have retired in 2009 but i suspect like me chris reed's retirement is more alleged than actual. and finally the youngest of the people on this panel and i don't know exactly how old he was when he started doing research, it was the long time ago. we are talking about adam green. adam green earned his ph.d. from yale and is now at university of chicago where he is the associate professor of african-american history. the master of the social sciences collegiate division and the associate dean in the college. this is a man with a lot of hats but the most important for us is twofold. first of all, his magnificent research work and writing. he is the first and as far as i know still the only person to publish a scholarly work on one of the most important documents in chicago black history and that is the wonder book, negro and illinois 1779 to 1929, two volumes. that work by adam green is absolute essentials to understanding how the chicago black renaissance kicked off and where

get everything from blacking. it is important and you have to do it. but the protest is an essential ingredient of politics. so let's think about mrs. parks and others and realize when people tell you you don't need to have a moment or protesting or doing this and that and the other because all you need to do is vote -- first of all they are trying is suppress the vote. but the lesson is you have to need a movement and be persistent and not give up. and you need to be strategic and think about what you are doing so that you can make change by doing that. and you don't have to, you know, be violent. it can be totally non-violent. there are many ways to make change. these are the lessens i learned >> at the memorial for vicky who did at 95 they did a video and she was in a nursing home. and she said i am telling you you have no excuse for not being active because i am at the home writing letters and educating. so the women were long distance runners. i don't think rosa parks missed a step. >> one of the amazing thin

the black regiments at appomattox numbering 2000 men in all for a microcosm of black life in america. they included xbase train at kentucky's camp dawson and free blacks at philadelphia's camp william penn. included men who became race leaders in the postwar era searches are not destroying destroyed george washington williams of the baptist editor william demint does the journalistic mentor to none other than ip laws. regardless of their background, the presence of the battlefield with a felt the culmination of a long struggle. if you know, federal or returned with black volunteers, claiming african american men did not possess attributes of patriotism and courage and kept it the worst difficult moment. when you stt regiments got the chance to fight, they proved their mettle with dozens of engagements. the u. s. e. t. a bad appomattox seemed considerable action. dh survived a bloody initiation into combat in florida february february 1860 for joining the granting warfare of the overland campaign in virginia and then the trenches through the siege of petersburg entering the city in tri

the black vote has been taken for granted.we are asking is for people to give us a choice-i excuse me people give us a chance. if we talk about our message and issues that matter to folks like the economy, like jobs, and education reform you will see we will be very successful and people will be successful. >> this is an interesting question, raffi williams, because here i am, i'm your dad, i'm older generation, i'm a registered democrat. you are a registered republican. you expect to see inroads more so with younger black people changing parties at least independent if not republican than do you with people my age. but, again, i asked orlando why is he republican? raffi, your dad is a democrat. why are you a republican? >> because of you, dad. i mean, that's the bottom line, right in the american dream, the ability of the free market to lift everybody up and to give everybody a shot at a better life. i mean, that's what it did for you. that's what we believe. in that's what i want more people to have a chance like did you. i

what happens with black writers and black artists is that if you're critiqued, for example, by a black historian who wants to get his name on the cover of "the new york times," and he says something, like, wacky, well, he'll get his name on the cover of "the new york times" and he might get tenure, and your career suffers. so i'm one of the few black writers, or african american writers, who managed to work my way through the system so that it has allowed me to speak in a kind of free way. but most african american writers don't have that. they don't have that opportunity, they don't have that. it's not like they don't want it. they just don't get it. they're only -- still it's just a few people who get through for a myriad of reasons. i'm fully armed because i can play music, i can compose, i can write books, i can do a lot of stuff. but a lot of tavis: produce movies. >> yeah, that too. but i'm aware that there are many, many people, both ahead and behind me, who are equally, if not more, talented, who don't get the opportunity. the thing that i do is that when i fail, i just keep qu

>> she asked a question. >> black on black crime. here is my answer you can v.kids and older people being massacred. she asked what you think about it. >> here is the answer. that is a tragedy. do you, let me ask this woman a question. do you believe apartheid exists is the fact there are people that would not send oprah winfrey home? >> who is going to send oprah winfrey home? i didn't hear about that. >> i was -- >> leo, i will give this to you. nobody argues that racism does exist. but you're talking about apartheid. economic inequality. >> that is another talking point. >> sean and i don't predo things we have a nice conversation. but let's talk about the economics disparity caused by black themselves. black on black crime is awful. who is causing that? white people? >> i have a last comment. barack obama about to enter the sixth year of his president sichlt i'll let you answer one at a time. crystal, are black americans better off under his policies? >> absolutely not. congressional black caucus said after they got black america

i mean, in my -- black conservatives, black chrpism is a cancer on liberalism if it spreads they're deadause it will break the hold of this racial warfare that seems to be kind of their go-to weapon against republicanism. you know what a true radical is is a black conservative. hollywood does not know they exist. if you try to find them as a character they're not there. there's only one black conservative i can think of and that's darth vader. >> aren't you glad -- >> black conservatism, they're ostracized, probably true but what they say doesn't make a lot of sense. >> really. >> thomas sewell. >> what are you talking about -- >> i don't agree with an awful lot of what he says. >> you can disagree but you shouldn't say what he says is nonsense. >> you said it doesn't make a lot of sense and cited him as an example. >> you pick out my words now. >> sentence diagram. >> if you were advising republicans looking at 2014 and beyond because they need to grow their voting base, when it comes to african-americans, what would you say is the best type of message that the republicans based on prin

the black regiments at appomattox numbering 2,000 men in all or a microcosm of black life in america including sex slave straightneck and techies can nelson and free blacks trained at philadelphia's camp william penn. race leaders such as the renowned historian george washington williams and the baptist editor william j. simmons, the journalistic mentor to none other than item b. wells. for all of these soldiers regardless of background, their presence on the battlefield was the culmination of a long struggle. the federal army initially turned away by volunteers claiming that african-american men did not the debt tapis the attributes of patriotism and courage, but they can't hate that the wall was a golden moment. when they finally get there chance to fight it prove their mettle at dozens of engagements. indeed, the regiments at appomattox saw considerable action. some of the bloody initiation into combat. joined in the grinding warfare of the government campaign in virginia and man the trenches to the siege of petersburg entering the city in triumph when it fell on april 2nd. africa

>> she asked a question. >> here is my answer. >> black on black crime.erally kids and older people are being massacre and she asked you what you think about it. >> okay. here's my answer. that's a tragedy. do you -- let me ask this woman a question. do you believe apartheid exists in the fact there is people who will not sell oprah winfrey a home, there are certain golf courses -- >> who wouldn't sell oprah winfrey a home? i didn't hear about that. >> oh, okay, of course not. >> leo, i will give this to you, racism, nobody would argue racism doesn't exist. >> don't use that line. that is a sean hannity talking point. >> no, it's not. sean and i don't pre-do things when i come on his show. we have a nice conversation. let's talk about the economic disparity between black-and-whites caused by blacks themselves. you just admitted the heinous black on black crime is awful. what's causing that? >> why are you hating on blacks? >> barack obama is about to enter the sixth year of his pregnancy. i'll let you both answer one at a time. let me start with crystal.

and i've fought against black domination.erished the ideal of a democratic and free society. which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. it is an ideal which i hope to live for and to achieve. but if needs be, it is an ideal for which i am prepared to die. >> and that encapsulates most beautifully the spirit of the man that is nelson mandela. >> reporter: on june 11th, 1964, mandela and all but one of the rivonia defendants are convicted of treason. the sentence will be handed down the following day. >> right up till the end, nobody knew whether it was going to be the death sentence or life imprisonment. >> reporter: mandela and the others are prepared, if necessary, to give the last full measure. >> if he was to die, he would die like a -- he called it like a man. >> we were mentally prepared for the worst. >> reporter: mandela and the others will not face the gallows. instead of death, they are given life sentences in a maximum-security prison located just off cape town on the desolate robben is

he is a black man.e telling you that jesus is not a white man but you won't concede that point? >> i'm saying that hollywood has depicted him that way and the great artists have for hundreds of years. if you have a problem take it up with them. >> hollywood in american movies have made him look american and european artists made him look european. but there is something larger here that connects megan kelly's comments. >> how did megan get into this again. >> what she saying and what a lot of people mean when they say santa or jesus is white is that santa or jesus is mine. >> how would you know what megan kelly thinks? how do you know about megan kelly's motive? how do you know that? >> what i'm saying -- >> you -- >> you just answered the question. what i'm saying is that in the very terminology of the way that we define these icons, whether they be spiritual icons like jesus or cultural icons like santa is it's deeply engrained in our sense of identity. it's about who we ourselves are. so we define th

but 99.9% of these young black kids had to get a real job. and i wanted to start that debate about you are not going to play pro sports get your dn education. we can argue about college paying and this and that but you kids need to get your education. the bottom line is, the majority of these black kids are not getting an education. the system is still going to make billions of dollars. >> true. >> those football stadiums will sell 100,000 every weekend in college and those kids, a couple of them are going to go to the nfl. a couple of kids are going to go to the nba, but these systems in place, march madness will make hundreds of millions of dollars a year. it's frustrating for me these young black kids are not arguing about the system. we can argue about the system all day long but the system is what it is. they are going to make billions kids. >> that's why i started debate on the role model commercial. >> quickly. fun. is anyone playing the game today as good as you at your position? if you played today, what would you average? >> 20 and

so somehow in south africa the black majority and those who were their comrades, black and white, kept name alive so that the young people were still singing songs of freedom and wanting them to be released. >> michael eric dyson, generally your thoughts on nelson mandela. >> a global icon for reconciliation and revolution and the two seem to be bipolar opposites but a revolutionary zeal did not have to be in the source of violence in which he and the amc were accused. what he did was transform the fury of african people who were black against a minority of people who were imposing their will and proved that we could rest our country. that is, south africa, from the jaws of those who would tear it up and tear it apart. and he loved south africa back into a position of moral authority. he for gave white south africans into a better future and by doing so he proved that the pin is mightier than the sword but he also proved that a life of extraordinary sacrifice would, in the long run, defeat the forces that had been running free while he was in jail. isn't it interesting? he proved, by h

so somehow in south africa, the black majority and those who were their comrades, black and white, keptalive so that the young people were still singing songs of freedom and wanting them to be released. >> michael eric dyson, just generally your reflections on the life and time of nelson mandela. >> what an iconic man. the reality is, is that nelson mandela proved that a revolutionary zeal didn't have to event wait in the violence that he and the anc were accused. what he did was transform the bitterness of african people who were black against a minority of people who are imposing their will and prove that we could wri wrest our country from the jaws of those who would tear it apart. and he loved it back into a position of moral authority. he forgave white south africans into a better future. and by that he proved that the pen is mightier than the sword so o to speak. but he also proved that a life of extraordinary sacrifice would, in the long run, defeat the forces that had been running free while he was in jail. isn't it interesting? he proved by his own noble sacrifice that the peop

you'd find a black santa claus, black angels and a black jesus. >> that is what bothered me most is the way kelly and others said it so angrily. it sunk in to me. felt like you're insisting this not real figure must be white. >> all fictional people are white. in the bible, what kids are watching fox news at home? there is weird kids. >> outraged? well this, would be funny if not so telling about our society. in particular the knee jerk instinct by many to race bait z to assume the worst in people. especially people employed by the powerful fox news channel. neither my statement nor harriss was motivated biracial fear and loathing. it was mow ti vated by lifetime of exposure to the commercial mall casting calls and movies harris references in her piece. we continuely see st. nick as a white man in modern day america. should that change? well that debate got lost because many couldn't get past the fact that i acknowledged as harris did, that the most commonly depicted image of santa does, in fact have white skin. i also did say jesus was white as i've learned that is far from settled. fo

the black middle class, which is already willing to look at other parties and alternatives. you'll see the black masses, i think, probably less patient and saying the amc must have stronger policies, more radical policies and intended to change their life. that's where you'll see the anc politics change and you'll see the black middle class go away from the anc and black working class and under class demand greater radical change9 the anc. >> marcus, editor at large at the new york times. thanks for joining us. >>> now to the signature segment. it may be hard to imagine, but 17 million americans have no bank account at all. that means they have to use cash for their transactions, and that often means relying on a check cashing service. for sometime now, the conventional wisdom has been these businesses take advantage of the poor but charging them high fees that could be avoided if they had a bank account. some are questioning whether these check cashing services are really that much worse than banks, which they say don't do a very good job at all at serving the poor. our re

thousands were killed in black on black fighting. also, his marriage to winny mandela, a powerful political force herself was crumbling, the woman who supported him so publicly during the long years of incarceration was accused of having affaired and being linked to some of the violence in south africa. they finally deviced. through it all, he led the country through broader democracy, and in 1984, he was able to vote for himself in a free election. he won, and was inaugurated as the first black president of his country. >> on this day, you took destiny into your own hands. you decided that would nothing would stop you from electing the government of your choice. country's infrastructure. he met the white house, meeting with three sitting presidents. in 2002 george w. bush presented him with the medal of freedom. president obama met mandela once in 2005, when obama was a senator. after one term as president mandela stepped down. he did not slow his pace. his charitable foundation raised money for a variety of causes. when south afric

black teachers. over half the teachers that lost their jobs were black. we've seen this gradual decline that was actually implemented other started when the mayor of chicago took complete control of the public school system and had this idea to put paul in charge of the system, and if you look at the record, he's the grandfather of privatization and corporate takeover and tools so he's gone to chicago, new orleans, schools destroyed, philadelphia, schools destroyed, and when he got to keeks, they said, well, we know what you are about and sent them backing to illinois so that we got to figure out somewhere for him to go, but the move of the mayor to continue to close schools and at the same time calling for charters is something that's not only going to exacerbate the loss of the black teachers, but stratifies the school system with intensity poor black children in a concentrated school with limited resources and very people whose black children tend to look towards for some sort of guidance and hope

in the number of scientists, black scientists, black nurses black doctors black pharmacists. because black colleges disproportionately prepares students in those areas. >> otherwise get left behind. >> there are many hbcus that are taking valedictorians and students that are highly sought after. but in many other cases there are hbcus that are taking students from areas of the country that we forget, detroit would be a good example. maybe some areas of north philadelphia. students that others think it's too hard to educate them. that society gives up on. >> seli soto could have easily slipped through the cracks. soto and a student who was unaware of the steps necessary to get into college. wounded up working at a fast food restaurant, after graduating high school. but paul quinn college wound up contacting her. >> i got this scholarship, a private scholarship from the school. if it weren't for paul quinn i wouldn't be here, receiving an education, i wouldn't be changing my mind and people's minds so they can improve their communities their families their business their city o

you will run into patches of black ice. be careful northbound 280, two linds are blocked with a four car crash and if you are traveling over the over passes and bridges be careful because of cooling on the bottom and the top and never slam on the brakes. keep your hands on the wheel. >> we will start with the freeze warning, everyone but for san francisco is susceptible to frosty conditions. that includes lake counties until, again, 9:00, so keep everything covered and keep the pets in, if you can. now, the day planner, the next 12 hours it is frosty in many spots even black ice. 49 at noon with sunshine, high clouds with temperatures in the low-to-mid 50's and falling back into the low-to-mid 40's and not so chilly because of the high clouds. inland, it is frosty and it is cooler in most areas. the north bay is milder but, city, cold. 40 at noon with sunshine and lie clouds and possible poor air quality in the north bay and it is a "spare the air" day for all us and 41 at 7:00. at the coast, not is frosty with temperatures

the language of the why minority that few blacks speak.e decision will prove disastrous. >> i was busy in my consulting rooms early morning of june the 16th, 1976. when i heard this hum, like the hum of bees. >> reporter: in the johannesburg township of soweto, students are marching against the new education measures. >> this is illegal. >> reporter: police are sent to quell the protests. they open fire on the students. >> from then on, soweto began to burn. >> reporter: news of the uprising spreads quickly throughout the country, as do other protests and riots. >> south africa was aflame. there was a struggle for liberation, for freedom that this government could not control. >> the soweto uprising of 1976 was a pivotal moment in south african history, and mandela realized it. >> reporter: in prison mandela reads about and is encouraged by the uprising. >> all of the work that he had done for all of these years was actually now bearing fruit, and that there was a revolutionary environment in south africa. >> reporter: outside south africa

as a black man, i always get a little uncomfortable when both hearties agree on what to do with blackpeople. in terms of who we support, i would support any election. one of the things i am quite cautious about is this neat to find a candidate. what i think this room should continue to do is actually elevate the issues. because as substitute laid out, there's no superman. there's no hero hero. the heroes are in the room right here in the front line every day. if a candidate emerges out of the movement, let's push that individual or individuals forward. if we look at it happened in new york, bill jablonski was running fourth place. no one knew who bill jablonski was until he put his blacks on television and the rest is history. now we will see how he governs though. i think it is important not just here in chicago but across this country we find candidates who are married to our issues. as far as what mr. pruitt is saying, one of the things that i'm quite proud of what this union has done is we've actually reawakened the black caucus within the chicago teachers union. i'm going to be q

black nationalism.traits of the nation of islam, they have the story of marcus garvey's one and only business to chicago. marcus garvey came to chicago in 1920. i have never seen a historical marker for it. maybe someday. the united negro improvement association found fertile soil in chicago. in 1930 membership is said to have totaled 77,500 while branches flyers in st. louis, springfield, md. cairo and other localities. william wallace, later a state senator gave up a thriving bakery business to head the chicago movement. he founded the negro world's as a house organ for the you and i a which obtained a circulation of 75,000 or more. in the negro world. garvey attached prominent leaders as w. e. b. du bois and robert pitts, founder of the chicago defender. he had a potent weapon in his own newspaper and was killed in the t

i push black because black businesses are employing black people. if we were at a place in america where every that he was going out and employing the way we should be, then i wouldn't need to make this push to support the businesses to the black unemployment is really high. i have to support the black businesses if i want to counter black unemployment triet i care about the black unemployment so i care as a consumer to spend my money on the businesses that will employ my community. >> host: you describe prior to the experiment that deluded to the sense that you and your husband had developed a dangerous sense of gratification and even entitlement. can you talk about that from the place that you are now as an activist and working on some of these issues? >> guest: i hope that this gives other folks in our ashlawn who've been able to benefit from opportunities our brothers and sisters have not been able to i hope it makes them feel this because we are not the only people who feel this way but it seems as if folks like us who've been able to go to gra