and so i did, and the work you mentioned, with my colleague jessie shapiro at the university of chicago, we looked at how children who grew up with t.v. differed from kids who didn't in test scores later on. we found two things. there is no evidence at all that television harmed kids. if you look specifically at families where the children might have been more disadvantaged coming from lower-income families or especially families where the parents didn't speak english as a first language, you actually started to see evidence of positive effects that children were actually learning from t.v. in particular with things like language and reading type skills. >> talking about something else that challenges conventional wisdom, you would think television would get more people out to vote and elections and you found the opposite. >> yeah. it looked like when television was introduced, in that period, voter turnout fell. the share of people participating in politics fell, especially for local e elections. there is actually a kind of common theme in both of those studies, if you want to think ab