dr. maddi began studying this phenomenon, this positive response to stress, with workers whose jobs were threatened by the break up of at&t. salvatore maddi: we were doing a longitudinal research study at illinois bell telephone at the time, and, you know, we were confronted with some people who just fell apart completely in the upheavals that took place there when at&t was federally deregulated, and the companies were-- there was mandated divestiture of them. but there were some people who actually thrived on the upheavals, and we were confronted with those data, and we were trying to think of ways of referring to it easily, and, you know, we started saying, well, these "hardy people," you know? and so that was kind of the beginning of the concept of "hardiness." deborah khoshaba: hardiness is a term of resiliency. it's about a set of attitudes that a person has that helps them to transform the problems that they encounter in life in a way that enhances their performance, their morale, their c