architect of the crisis, nikita khrushchev. >> as they headed the soviet union khrushchev was very ideologicalieved that the future belonged to communism. he said, america needs to be contained and the only way to do it is to create crises all around the american empire. >> khrushchev came to the u.n. in 1960 and he said we are grinding out missiles like sausages. we'll bury you. americans took it seriously. >> the toughness of the khrushchev speech did as some propaganda fuels of the fire that is now raging diplomatically between moscow and washington. >> to see if the soviets were building nuclear weapons, more importantly, missiles to launch them at the united states. we were flying a spy plane over the soviet union called a u-2. >> i'm bill fox. cable editor in new york. a single engine u.s. air force plane with one man aboard went missing today not far from the soviet border in the rugged mountains in southeastern turkey. >> to a stunned and startled audience, khrushchev announced that an american u-2 spy plane was shot down over the soviet union. >> he made the records a public exhibitio

nikita khrushchev was waiting, also, for talks to explore such issues as berlin, nuclear testing and do you think about this meeting between the young president and khrushchev? >> well, i think it was long overdue because the world needs peace and the world needs disarmament. >> for khrushchev, it is a chance to test the new president on a subject of berlin, khrushchev is tough and blunt. >> khrushchev said west berlin is a bone in my throat. and we must extract it. >> berlin, of course, is divided at the end of world war ii but berlin is 110 miles inside of the east german zone. khrushchev is threatening to force the integration and take over west berlin and kennedy says to him, berlin is part of our western commitment and world war ii. don't challenge us there. >> after two days, the talks end. >> kennedy did not do well. he allowed himself to be caught in an ideological argument with khrushchev. he was warned against it. he did it anyways and khrushchev bullied him and pushed him around. >> khrushchev has made the first move in the chess game. and the president knows it. as he leav

on russia than darker i think if he is took place mainly under republican presidents i mean nikita khrushchev around the white eisenhower gorbachev and ronald reagan even putin and bush how do you explain that initial hawkishness of war since that reflects the more realist power based view of the world the republicans have that they prefer to see the world in terms of one to the picture of. political value so they want they want to cooperate with countries that are. going to be friendly towards the united states and share their humanitarian values just as they see it so i think there's always that. tension. which seems to work as you say with time after time to kind of weaken or undermine the relationships even between clinton and yeltsin which was a strong relationship but still there was this constant feeling from the american side that yeltsin was kind of letting them down during the two thousand and twelve presidential campaign mitt romney famously sad that russia was america's top geopolitical foe and i think back then many treated it as a as a gaffe by the i think most recently some peo

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some of you may be old enough to remember that in the 1950s the soviet leader nikita khrushchev said of the united states we will bury you. he didn't mean that literally so we were told in retrospect. he meant that the soviet union would ultimately outstripped the united states economically economically and if the soviet union had been able to sustain the rates of economic growth that it achieved in the 20s, 30s and 1950s after world war ii that would have happened but it couldn't because it had moved to a different stage of economic development with a different kind of society. at the stage russia had reached in 1991, it couldn't get the easy benefit from a large surplus rural population that china could. it needed different things. it needed skilled people. it needed to secure property rights. it needed innovation. it needed a welcoming atmosphere for foreign investment. the russian government that emerged first under boris yeltsin and now under flat amir putin failed to provide those things. vladimir putin failed to provide those things. it failed pressure to provide them because