rosetta will be the first spacecraft to orbit a comet and then land a probe on its nucleus instead of just flying by to snap pictures. >> for the very first time, you're going to learn a lot. and it's going to be the basis for new studies that will go on for a long time. it's like breaking the ground for building a building. >> reporter: this building is already taking shape. from the images rosetta has sent back. the latest ones revealed 67 p is made of two pieces joined together. the neck or connecting part has a much brighter spot, which means it has a different composition or grain size. it could even be ice. and they've learned more from studying changes in the signals coming from rosetta. >> the nucleus is pulling the spacecraft out of its planned orbit. and that can be seen as a shift in frequency of the transmitted radio signal from the spacecraft. >> reporter: on its way, rosetta flew past two asteroids including this one called luticia. scientists can't wait to get their hands on more data when rosetta starts orbiting comet 67 p on wednesday and lands a probe on its nucleus

. >> rosetta being closer oto the sun so that the sun illuminates the nucleus of the comet, staying 100 meters apart. >> first, perhaps this november, it will deliver a lander to the comet to drill on the surface. >> what we are looking for is pristine material out of which the solar system has been formed. this material is uncontaminated and hitting there like in the nucleus of the comet. >> we know our earth has a great deal of water on it. we don't know exactly where it came from and it's likely comets have a lot to do with that process. >> images have shown the comet in some detail but scientists hope it soon could give us a good idea what our own planet looked like at the birth of the solar system. nedeen baba, al jazeera. >> you can keep updated at aljazeera.com. walking down the street in chicago may now have a lot more meaning as city officials plan to attach dozens of sensors gathering data from everything from pedestrian movement to air pollution. online data, what happens to it after we die and who has rights to it? and later, struggling mom and pop shops and unrealized retai

rosetta will be the first spacecraft to orbit a comet and then land a probe on the nucleus instead of flying by to snap pictures. >> for the very first time you're going to learn a lot and it will be the basis for new experiments. it's like building a building. >> reporter: this has taken shape. the latest ones show 67-p is two pieces joined together. the neck or connecting part has a different spot. it could even be ice and they've learned more from studying changes in the signals coming from rosetta. >> the nucleus is pulling the spacecraft out of its planned orbit and that can be seen as a shift in frequency of the transmitter radio signal from the spacecraft. >> reporter: on its way rosetta flew past two as steroids. scientists can't wait to get their hands on more data when they start orbiting on wednesday and lands a probe on the nucleus in november. >> big day in space news. >>> do stay with us. news continues after this. [ jennifer ] do you really have time for brown spots? [ female announcer ] aveeno® introduces new positively radiant targeted tone corrector. it helps reduce

they sang in welsh, and that is when brigham young decided you needed to be the nucleus of the great, so it really started in 1847 and 1849. they used to sing in a building over on the square that was is a -- just a temporary building but , they called it the tabernacle, and that is how the name came, the mormon tabernacle choir. when that was too small, they started building this particular building, which was in the late 1860's, it was completed at the end of the civil war, and the choir moved into this building at that time, and the tabernacle here has been the home of the choir ever since. as we have visitors come to temple square, we invite them into the tabernacle, one of the things they first notice is that imposing instrument that is behind me, the organ. built by early pioneer stock, and it becomes the centerpiece for people to begin to look at and think -- wow, this is really an amazing experience. and they see the choir in front of them, and it is a great picture. >> ♪ >> whenever you see a photograph of the choir, this organ is right there in the center of the foreground

scientists are intrigued by how the comet nucleus can be formed like this. was it a much larger piece with a lot more material around the neck that somehow was eroded away so they are very much interested in finding out how it becomes to be that shape. >> getting there took an incredible the feat. it took five times circling the sun to get to that space. was there any room for error on a mission like this? >> when i look at missions like this, i think there's an incredibly huge margin for error. this spacecraft the size of a small truck, you're aiming it as something two miles by two miles, and the accuracy on which it arrived right on time, there are to many possibilities of thaings could go wrong. so to me that is the real testament to the genius and the ingenuity of the engineers who built this and operated the spacecraft to get it to the right place on time. now if you wanted to wonder about what that high school and college math was worth, here it is staring us right in the face. >> incredible mathematical calculations to make that happen. now it's goin

. >> the nucleus is pulling the spacecraft out of its planned orbit.be seen as a shift in frequency of the transmitter radius signal from the spacecraft. >> on its way, rosetta flew past two asteroids. scientists can't wait to get more data wednesday. >> that gives you an idea of what's going on. to find out more about this incredible advance in space exploration, we are joined via skype by dave brody, science and technology writer. thanks so much for chatting with us. let's start by looking at why this is such a significant achievement. and, of course, what needs to be done to make sure that it's a successful mission? >> sure. well, in order for it to be a complete success, rosetta actually has to get to the comet. what happens a little later on this evening is a firing of the engine for about six and a half minutes. rosetta will begin a very slow beautiful dance down toward the nucleus of the comet, this will take place over a long time, it will take months to happen. by october, they expect to be about 30 kilometers away. by november, 10 clicks, the

what's unusual about this one is the nucleus has that unusual shape to it. it has the two lobes that are seemingly connected by that much narrower neck and scientists are much intrigued by how it is the nucleus can be formed like this. is it the two pieces separate glued together somehow, is it a larger piece that was somehow erode away, and they are much interested in finding out how it becomes to be that shape. >> getting there is an incredible feat. it took ten years, circling the sun ten times to reach this speed. was there error for mission like this? >> when i look at missions like this antonio, i think there is actually quite a huge margin for error. what i mean by that is this is a relatively small space crack, maybe the size of a small truck. you're trying to aim this at an object two miles by two miles millions of miles out in space and you're trying to get the spacecraft there on a particular day. so in this case for the accuracy with which it arrived at the point right on target right on time there are so many possibilities of things that could g

the nucleus is active and ejecting a lot of materials. at that point it is going to detect this activity. certainly what we are looking for is evidence of pristine material, out of which the solar system was formed. it's material that has not been contaminated, and is hitting inside the nucleus of the comment. >> how does that, in the 21st century help us understand space, time and the evaluation of the solar system. how does it benefit me here in doha or you in london? >> this is been astronomy space science tist. it doesn't have an immediate exact. it's long term. we are capitalizing from the investigation and research. we are exactly right now finds the ways to fight endemics like ebola outbreaks, outreach in africa. all these things are kind of ways of technology making progress, and understanding more about the europe verse and the environment -- universe and the environment. for example, we are talking about mars, we are talking about comets, and the environments which are very, very difficult for life. here on earth, with your para

that's not the subject but it is a nucleus of our problem. >> right. >> it's something we seldom talk about. it's something i'm deeply concerned about. but going to rickers island and having programs that give kids opportunity or inspiration or profit direction is my focus. we want to continue to fund the programs and help to build infrastructure around the programs. and when we fund them, we want cities to match them. we like that the city council of new york had decided to help erica ford's program and we like that some of the peace keeping programs have been supported by government. but it is a necessary process to have community police community. and community work in community to help to relieve the violence and the negative behavior that ensues when no opportunity and nonprofit education opportunities are offered. >> congratulations on launching this new initiative. keep the peace doing your part for our community in this country. thank you so much. we appreciate you joining us. >>> senator mitch mcconnell and his challenger allison grimes exchange jabs in front of an excited cr

that he said would be the nucleus that would host the city. and san francisco gave further incentive to expand the city's network. a project by way of tunnel leading into chinatown by way of north beach. in december the first streetcar was driven into the tunnel. just two years after its berth, muni had added two lines. and k, l and m lines that span out from westportal. in 1928, the j line opened heading west to the beach. in 1944 san francisco voters finally approved muni take-over of the market street railway. by then motor bus and trolley bus improvement had given them the ability to conquer san francisco's hills. after the war most of the street-car lines would be replaced with motor or trolley bus service. in 1947, the mayor recommended replacing two lines with motor coaches. and it appeared that san francisco's iconic cable cars had seen their final days. entered mrs. cluskin, the leader to save the cable cars. arguing that the cable cars were a symbol of the city, and she entered a charter placed on the november ballot. it passed overw

them i hope that continues end up with a good sidewalk management and traffic control plans in e nucleus it is a part we have to address this in a variety of ways particularly the central somewhat subway and the center corridor we're going to be working on that to incorporate all of that to make transit traffic more and more move more wisely through the area. and the only thing i'll comment on i think this is a great first step i may have mentioned this is from the 25th largest convention center to the 17 largest in the united states. as a city we're somewhere between 12 and 14th larger in population there are others cities that are of the same population but more important than that there are a lot of cities that attract the convention because of the appearance and the larger ones that attack if you kwemgz by a more significant thing the convention center is the largest in the i didn't in you include the santa fe but people think of conventions more important in terms of world and national interest san francisco rates between the top three or four people want to go to conferences as we

one of the main portions of the mission is to characterize what the nucleus is like, try to understand about the dynamics as they orbit around close to the sun and help us to get an idea of what the chemical composition is. these are all really important because comets are pristine warehouses, if you will. storage bins of what the early history of the solar system was, and if we can study comments in depth, we can better understand more about how the solar system formed and hopefully formed knowledge to how other systems formed, two. going difficult is this to be when you look at the shape of the comment? >> it is going to be really tricky for two reasons. number one tricky because of the uneven surface. they have to find a spot that will be the smoothest location they can that will serve the science needs as well. bit ofas been a little experience before with asteroids . because of the small size and low gravity, that means there is a good possibility that a spacecraft could bounce off. what they will do is use anchors to grab hold and pull it down. once the spacecraft lands, they wil

and that -- i mean, if i've had a struggle, that was really the nucleus of my struggle, i think. >> thatnds like a great segue for a line i wanted to get to that jumped out at me. on page 175 of your book, "a story lately told," and the line here is, i was no exception to this fortunate rule, but in retrospect, i remember wishing i had something to fight for. i remember wishing that i had something to fight for. tell me more about that line and how you navigated this journey of finding something to fight for. >> well, the idea of being given things that you don't necessarily deserve was always a difficult one for me to negotiate. and so i really always felt that i had to prove myself, being the daughter of a famous man. i guess it's more easy than being the daughter of a famous woman, but at the same time, there was a sense of -- really with me of wanting to earn my own way, of wanting to pay my own way. i never asked my parents for money. i prefer to steal from my parents than ask them for money. [ laughter ] >> i don't know. what can i tell you? i'm an odd creature. and it definitely -

the compounds pearson looks for are indicators of the existence of eukaryotes, or organisms with a nucleus, the ancient relatives of today's animals and plants. to gain access to these compounds, pearson extracts fats, or lipids, from the rock sample. once the lipids are extracted, they are run through a mass spectrometer, which indicates what kinds of compounds are in the sample. pearson: so, when we look at a mixed sample and identify what kinds of compounds we have in the sample, sometimes we see a compound with a mass spectrum like this, and this is the mass spectrum of a sterol. the sterol is related to the compound cholesterol, which is something we're familiar with. and any time we see a sterol, we interpret that as meaning there was a eukaryote in the sample. and this is significant because we're able to then look for molecular fossils or biomarkers that record eukaryotes before eukaryotes became big enough to leave large, macroscopic fossils that we can then see. narrator: but sterols do more than tell us what kind of life was present. they provide evidence for its environment. th

little with that that's why many of the refugees don't even have documents when they arrive in a nucleus so why bring them in the way mr recently people have started to ask him to bring them into claims they've lost hope of a quick and the crisis. anatoly says sometimes he arrives too late and the house he has been sent to has either been looted or lies in ruins we ask him to take us alone on one of his salvage treats but he says he hasn't been able to get across the border for two days himself the reporter go on you don't know if you'll be shot at or not when you're driving through the guards there is an area the army uses to attack the syria where they're surrounded but they keep attacking the city. so instead we try to get to dinny ask we ask an anti government fighter what lies ahead alexander tells us his small town which lies between the city and the border has seen some of the most intense shelling in the area he's driving back there and he admits the wrath he traced. really a boomerang effect i think they don't want to let the refugees cross the russian border which is why they a

because of the success of isis on the ground. 1-third of iraq and one- third of syria and forming a nucleus x. branches of al-qaeda joining isis. this will replicate here and in europe. those cells can be individual lone wolves. they will switch to isis because isis is now success excel they will support them. >> i am not trying to make light. but the in group that looks like the toughest group out. there how does what we do in iraq impact this terrorist group? >> there is a question here in washington and other capitols, is isis going to strike in the u.s.? they have ideological long- term. isis said they are going to attack us. and are there people here to do so. if we engage them further, the leadership of isis will feel the pressure of delivering a blow or strike success will or not here in the u.s. in both cases we'll be dealing with isis and seeing them here. >> what do you think of secretary hagel saying that we are not going to have combat troops on the ground, what do you think of telegraphing that to isis. >> we say we are not putting troops in the ground. good, the americans are

the family nucleus and every metaphor that springs from it. and they agreed with me. and then i went to work to do the pilot. you never know. it is show business. you make the pilot. maybe i will never see anybody again. it is picked up. and we arrive to do the first episode of the season. nobody has seen it. each episode is coming in. they are extraordinary. no one talks about it. the makeup trailer, everyone. >> because they don't want to jinx it? >> but also it was so wonderful, my concern was, it is too good. when things are this good, sometimes they want something a little dumber. tracy letts said this is television for grown-ups. this is smart television. he is one of the most gifted people on the planet. and so the joy he was, i did not want to break it. we would have wonderful dinners together. i have been around a while. i knew this does not come every day. my soul was telling me i want every second of this. i do not care whether we are here 15, 16 hours. i don't want the day to end. you do not get days like this. you do not get writers in the writers room li

. >> dark matter particles scattered from the denon nucleus with a flash of light that we can detect with an array of very sensitive light detecters. >> reporter: professors and students put in long hours underground in hopes of being part of the scientific break through. >> i feel a great amount of stress when i touch anything on the experiment because i don't want to screw it up. >> reporter: it has been up and running for a year. so what have they found so far? >> we saw nothing but we've seen nothing better than anybody else so far. we're the most sensitive dark matter experiment in the world. >> reporter: the race to find dark matter is on. with more than 30 prongs under way all over the world. the winner will get to basque in scientific flooring and perhaps pick up a nobel prize or two. al jazeera a kilometer and a half below dead wood in south dakota. >> michael: intended to deter alcohol abuse. controversy about rape victims details up next. >> secretary of defense chuck hagel just announced moments ago that 130 new military advisers have arrived in erbil northern iraq. speak

we are preparing for the landing and setting the tone for the entire mission, looking at how the nucleuse main part of the comet evolves over time. yeah, it's a crammed schedule now. we are excited to look at it to try to work out -- learn about the comet, what is it? what can we do and how can we land on it? >> thank you very much. that's dr. matt taylor with his tattoo. talking about the comet is weird. we have seen some of the first pictures of it. you think of the comet being a misshapen potato. this one is a flying rubber duck. in fact, i saw this lying around mission control earlier. a 3-d printed model of the comet. they have stuck on duck features. it's not far off the truth actually. now how you land on this thing will be really, really tricky. they thought it would be hard to put a lander on the comet anyway. putting something on a flying space duck will be more of a challenge, i think. >> becky, thank you very much for that. you gave us a number of first. a duck-shaped comet, and a tattoo on a leg. it's been quite an experience. as you can see on screen now that's the approach

nature of the atom and probably the most exciting scientific news was the fission of the uranium nucleus the question then rose if energy can be derived from splitting the atom, can you make a bomb? nobody was quite sure. you needed to be able to separate isotopes. >>> there's a wonderful play called perpetrating. have any of you seen perpetrating? it's a great play. it sets up this question of the early years of the war and whether or not you can make a bomb. it revolves around what we know with eisenburg and neils bore who worked out the theory of the atom. it took place in copenhagen, this meeting. we don't know exactly what happened in that meeting. we know they had a split. they used to be very close. and we know heisenburg went back to germany. and we know that shortly afterwards, germany gave up its atemptempts to make a nuclear b. figured that the problems were so great, that we wouldn't be able to make a bomb. and one of the great historical questions which, again, is very nicely set up in the play, is to speculate why? what happened? and a really horrible thing to speculate on

that magnificent reading room that i was surrounded by the works of thomas jefferson the original nucleus of the library. looking up always has the feeling that i was working inside jefferson's cerebellum. there is a line in this piece that says gorbachev remarked on reagan's balance to me after both men left office. what is your take on mikael gorbachev? >> he's the single most impressive person i ever met. >> in 1985, '86 and '87 through 1990 he was overwhelmingly charismatic, forceful and his quickness was spell binding. he under stood everything. the few words of the sentence he was already there. he was so attractive and the chemistry between him and reagan was marvelous to watch. reagan is slow and benign and stronger man than gorbachev oddly enough. but gorbachev had acute intelligence. the tragic figure i think because he did transform -- he accepted the essence of what was happening to the soviet union and presided over it and despised the result. that's the fate of all transitional figures. >> you said i have only two records of him becoming physically violent. when a hollywood

aware writing in that magnificent reading room that i was surrounded by the jefferson the original nucleus of the library. looking up always has the was working i bell jefferson's saeur hrupl. line in this piece hat says gorbachev remarked on reagan's balance to me after both men left office. is your take on mikael gorbachev. >> he's the single most met. ssive person i ever through 5, '86 and '87 1990 he was overwhelmingly and his ic, forceful pwaoeupdibinding.l he under stood everything. the few words of the sentence he was already there. and the attractive chemistry between him and reagan was marvelous to watch. is slow and benign and gorbachev n than oddly enough. gorbachev had acute intelligence. the tragic figure i think did transform -- he accepted the essence of what was happening to the soviet union nd presided over it and despised the result. that's the fate of all figures.nal >> you said i have only two records of him becoming violent.y when a hollywood drunk made an etiquette remark to his face. things?e two >> in the first place, reagan genuinely fundamental tow tal tearism and

you know about thomas jefferson offering his private library as the nucleus of a new library of congress. books. he said it would take about two weeks for the wagons to arrive in washington. they had a fire in the middle of the 19th century. you can see what remains of them in bookcases at the library of congress. it is incredible. this renaissance man, every subject you can think of is there. archaeology, history, art, farming. it is all there in different languages. that was thomas jefferson. two days before the british ordered the commandant his navy clerk to get hold of transport to take 124 barrels of gunpowder out of the navy yard to the safety of virginia. georgetown where he saw a wagon outside a store. he told the owners he was impounding it for the department of the navy. this is wartime. some citizens who might normally have buckled under to bureaucratic pressure bristled when the power possessors, chasing off the officials with abuse and profanities. this is what happened. in a chronicle written two weeks after the departure of the british, he described what happened next. it

both on the family nucleus, and every metaphor that springs from. and they agreed with me. >> and then i went to work to do the pilot. you never know, it's show business. you make this pilot. maybe i'll never see anybody again, buoy bye, it's got to go. it gets picked up, and we arrive to do the first episodes of the season. nobody's seen it. each episode is coming in. and they're extraordinary. and no one talks about it. i mean make up trailer, everyone, none on the-- search vaeding, no one is talking about it. and -- >> because they don't want to jinx it or because -- >> i think kuz you don't want to jinx it. but also it was so wonderful that my biggest concern was it's too good. when things are this good, sometimes they want something a little dumber. >> right. >> i mean tracy who is now in our show, he says this is really television for grown-ups. he said this is really smart, smart television. tracy is one of the most gifted people we have on the planet. and so the joy was, you didn't want to break it we would have wonderful dinners together as

the atom and probably the most exciting scientific news in 1939 was the fishening of the uranium nucleus and that happened in germany. the question then arose, if there is energy that can be derived from splitting the atom, can you make a bomb? nobody was quite sure. it might be possible. you needed to be able to separate isotopes. you needed to get uranium 235 from the much more abundant 238. there is a wonderful play called "copenhagen" by maikel he will train. any of you seen or read copenhagen? it's a great play. it sets up this question of the early years of the war and whether or not you could make a bomb. it revolves around what we know was a true interaction between highsen berg, probably the most brilliant physicist of the 20th century, and i'm including einstein in that generalization and neil's bore. it took place in copenhagen, this meeting. highsen berg came and visited bore. we don't know exactly what happened in that meeting. we know they had a split. they used to be very close. and we know that highsenberg went back to germany and we know that shortly afterwards, germany

the atom and probably the most exciting scientific news in 1939 was the fishening of the uranium nucleusnd that happened in germany. the question then arose, if there is energy that can be derived from splitting the atom, can you make a bomb? nobody was quite sure. it might be possible. you needed to be able to separate isotopes. you needed to get uranium 235 from the much more abundant 238. there is a wonderful play called "copenhagen" by maikel he will train. any of you seen or read copenhagen? it's a great play. it sets up this question of the early years of the war and whether or not you could make a bomb. it revolves around what we know was a true interaction between highsen berg, probably the most brilliant physicist of the 20th century, and i'm including einstein in that generalization and neil's bore. it took place in copenhagen, this meeting. highsen berg came and visited bore. we don't know exactly what happened in that meeting. we know they had a split. they used to be very close. and we know that highsenberg went back to germany and we know that shortly afterwards, germany ga

understand the nature of the atom and probably the most exciting scientific news in 1939 was the uranium nucleusnd that happened in germany. so the question then arose if there's energy that can be derived from splitting the atom, can you make a bomb? nobody was quite sure. it might be possible. you needed to be able to separate isotopes. used to get uranium 235 from the moreuranium 2638. there's a wonderful play called copenhagen. it's a great play. it sets up this question of the early years of the war and whether or not you could make a bomb. it revolves around what we know was a true interaction between heisenberg, probably the most brilliant physicist of the 20th century, and i'm including einstein in that generalization, and neil's bore who worked out the theory of the atom. it took place in copenhagen, this meeting. heisenberg came and visited moore. we don't know expected in that meeting. we know they had a split. they used to be very close. and we know that heisenberg went back to germany, and we know that shortly afterwards germany gave up its attempts to make a nuclear bomb. figured t

plan to expand into syria and iraq because you can't just hit on one side of the border when their nucleus >> sure, but the white house says iraq invited us in and syria has not. nonthe less, the big question is, does the white house have a strategy? you listen to the white house and they'll say yes. we want to root out the cancer. what the heck does that mean? josh earnest had this exchange with our own ed henry. >> what is the strategy? >> for the president to say we're going to root out the cancer, that's more of a slogan than a strategy, isn't it? how? >> i think that as i mentioned in answer to roger's question, that the president laid out a comprehensive strategy for dealing with the threat posed by isil. >> okay. so that's not really an answer because it's more rhetoric, more of a sound bite than an actual strategy. eli lake writing in the daily beast said that the primaries have met in the white house. they just have to convince one person to sign on to advancing this strike against isis and that is barak obama. remember last year about this time? he pretty much came right up to th

she doesn't have a nucleus and she hasn't picked those people and she has to figure it out pretty soonple are trying to get -- claim some real estate in her orbit and until that gets clearer and until there is, like, someone who is actually in command and somebody is in charge of strategy and tactics there is going to continue to be, i think, this kind of ham handedness or whatever she has displayed. >> gene, did you, off of what john was just saying, did you, in reading the interview with jeffrey goldberg of "the atlantic" did you glean any subtle campaign messages that might emerge from that interview? we have all made a big flap over her disagreements with the obama administration and foreign policy, but was there anything else in there that struck you? >> that was the main thing that jumped out at me, actually, what seemed to be a clear differentiation between her and president obama over foreign policy. you know, not that they have completely different ideas about everything, but a clear difference. i didn't see a lot else that told me one way or another, except under argue the fa

but the point is that if you just focused at the level of the brain, if you just talked about the nucleus and the hippocampus -- i apologize -- you could not think about shaping behavior. when you are told something is a brain disease, you think it is involuntary. drug addicts, how do i work with my patients so they do not crave? well, we come up with strategies that are self binding, ways to put barriers between themselves and drugs. stay away from people, places, and things. oh, thanks so much. deposit your paycheck, do not have money available. i had a patient who used to shoot up, and every time he looked at his arms, where of course he had tracks, it would stimulate a sense of craving, so he had to wear long sleeve shirts all the time or he would aroused.elf too avoid boredom. this is the kind of thing people have to do. the point is, this involves motivation, this involves conscious engagement. again, if we focus too much at the level of the brain, we are not going to pay attention to these things. that is what i am describing, the kind of yo phenomenon, create barriers, to recogniz