my father's spirits were both teenagers from a small fishing area who came i think when they were about 15 and 17. >> host: about 100 years ago is when they came as well? >> guest: day came in the late 18 teams. >> host: nearly 100 years ago. did they become citizens? were they allowed to become citizens? >> guest: the japanese immigrants were able to become citizens in 1952 with the walter act being passed. i believe that one set of grandparents chose and once said of grandparents never got around to it. >> host: what about your parents? when were they born and did they live here in southern california? >> guest: my parents were born in 1826 in my father's family lived in orange county. but he actually was born in russia and oregon where my grandfather had done a range of things. he worked -- he was a lumberjack for a while and he did many things. they ended up farming in southern california. so my mother was born in northern california in oakland. >> host: valerie matsumoto is a professor at ucla and booktv is on location at the university of california los angeles talking with profes

they were the ones for whom the fine objects were made. to better understand the economy of copan, archaeologists must discover who made these beautiful objects and how the elites acquired them. no one knew the answers until it was discovered that a catastrophe had occurred here a thousand years ago. [ rumbling ] for the maya, the earthquake was a calamity. but for archaeologist dolph widmer, it was an opportunity. when the roof collapsed, it did something wonderful. it collected for us, in place, in the place that they were originally used, a whole series of artifacts and tools. and these were found right here in this room. this room has sealed underneath this collapsed roof the first evidence we've ever found of the production of elite craft items -- items such as shell, jade, other exotic materials. on this bench we found three ceramic vessels, and the vessel over here had a quiver of tools in it. we found bone tools and chisels. also, we found numerous other artifacts in their original places, just like they were being used. and this "

there were thousands of british sailors that were jumping ship. so in some cases they really were only getting their own people back. as far as the native american issues on the frontier, the united states did not always live up to the agreements they made with some of the native american nations out there. so the native americans, a lot of them were angry at the united states. there were some hotheaded americans he wanted an excuse to take over british canada. for some, all these other reasons were just a red herring, an excuse to go and invade canada and acquired some land to the north. even francis scott key himself said, i will not harm the poor, unoffending canadians. and key epitomizes many americans. i do not like what the british are doing, but invading canada is wrong. so really to this day, the war of 1812 was the most narrowly declared of any american war in which our congress set to vote to declare that war. united states goes into the war of 1812, divided at the home front, unprepared militarily. a lot of our generals were aging holdo

paul people were living with was the idea we were still on the frontier. we were at the turn of the 19 century and people were still thinking we lived in log cabins and did not have much of modern conveniences. for the people back east making those judgments to see favorable reports and artists and architects commenting about the greatness of this building that really made st. paul come up a notch culturally. it was a center of culture for st. paul and the state of minnesota. i think people were proud to say we have arrived. you can't call us a backwoods frontier state anymore. our building rivals anything you can build in new york or philadelphia. that was nice for the people of the state to say we have a marvelous building that will stand the test of time. >> throughout the weekend, american history tv is featuring st. paul, minnesota. our staff recently traveled there to learn about its rich history. learn more about st. paul and other stops at www.c-span.org/localcontent. you are watching american history tv all weekend on c-span3. >> next, former memb

this is also the building were bootleggers and bank robbers were tried and sent to alcatraz, leavenworthrison, and other prisons across america. it is where it began and where it ended. we're standing here at historic fort snelling and we are looking over the junction of the minnesota and mississippi rivers -- missouri rivers. the fortis connected in the creation of st. paul. in the 1830's, their groups of settlers that were moving -- living on the property. the army had enough of competing them from -- the settlers moved to the other side and formed the nucleus of the city of st. paul. when you think about the history, when you think the on the walls of fort snelling, and that is what we try to do, push people to think about what it means when all of these people came together, what perspectives to they have on this historic events? >> watch all of our events from st. paul throughout the day on book tv and sunday afternoon on american history tv on c-span 3. >> history bookshelf features popular american history writers every weekend at this time. in september 1849, harriet tubman escap

and these were forged documents. we had at least two people that were from mexico.ast one guatemalan that we can tell. we have some documents from honduras and we found some pieces of paper, just little scratch notes of paper with names or telephone numbers. somebody who might have been waiting for them, somebody who might have paid the smuggler or maybe information about the smuggler themselves. somebody was responsible for these 11 people who had perished inside this car and we felt that we were now on the right track to finding these people and holding them accountable for it. we received a phone call from a person in new york. >> everybody's heard the phrase, a big break in the case. the biggest break in the case was when eliseo, looking desperately to find his brother, called the cops. >> the name we had was guillermo madrigal ballesteros. musical chairs. fun, right? welllllllll, not when your travel rewards card makes it so hard to get a seat using your miles. that's their game. the flights you want are blacked out. or they ask for some ridiculous number of mi

they were leveled out. their edges were trend. -- trimmed.irst semblance of pipe joints. ♪ the plates, which had now become cylinders, the outside scene was well the first. -- well the first. then the inside seam was welded. ♪ the operator study the growing metal reflected in a mirror. and were placed hydraulically expanded. there ends were smoothed and beveled. an inspector examined the measured each joint. remained unseen. the inspector examined the inside as thoroughly as the outside. jointy, joint after rolled down. the joints were fabricated in 31 foot length. within the joints larger ones, a new and ingenious idea for transportation of pipe. miles.e was moved 15 ship, taken aboard the his destination was the persian gulf, 12,000 nautical miles and 45 days across. towards the end of december, 19 47, they dropped anchor as close as they could get. the first of the pipes. finished, project was there would be 100 ship loads pipe another cargo delivered, totaling 3 billion. half of the pipe joints were 30 inches in diameter, the rest of them

they were from nice families mainly. they were young, they were attractive. how did they wind up like this? >> it must have been so difficult for most americans to look at these -- these manson followers who looked so normal and healthy and decent and say, how could they commit these hideous crimes? maybe my next door neighbor could commit those crimes. maybe somebody in my own family is capable of doing those hideous things. >> in december of 1969, one of the accused killers agrees to testify before the grand jury. 21-year-old susan atkins seems to relish her new-found fame. >> they called her sexy sadie mae glutz. she always had kind of a mischievous smile on her face, and they thought she was a little crazy. >> very insecure people try to make themselves bigger than they are. and she always tried to be the strongest, the best, the sexiest and constantly trying to get attention. >> susan, how have they treated you since your arrest? >> same way as all inmates are treated. >> susan atkins had been promised some sort of immunity to testify. and that was when

were worked on. right? >> and either by determining that they weren't within the jurisdiction of the ethics commission and they were not warrant further action and they were more significant complaints that were ultimately resolved. >> right. >> so i want to know what happens to those 21 remaining? >> they are still pending. >> do they get rolled over into the coming year? >> correct. >> so when we are looking at this for next year, it is, is that number, going to include the ones that were left over from the year. >> correct. >> any other questions on that section for the commissioners? >> i also had some questions on page 14. in particular, i had some questions about section 4.130, number four. and number four refers to the number of investigations the ethics commission conducted. and the answer is 0. why is that? >> this section refers specifically to the complaints that are filed under chapter four with just the privatization and protection and we may have received the complaints that alleged cer

so if you are talking about cases that were a part, which were the va clinic action, those cases weret part of the -- most of those cases were not part. >> excuse me. page 34. question to identifies 9,121 veterans. they may not be cumulative. my question is how did you decide not to look at 9,600 some cases of veterans, you decided not to review their case. >> well, we looked at those with a collection date of within the timeframe of the start of our review up until about june 1. i would have to go through and it looked through that date is set that we have of the actually 3,562 names on a last, 3409 unique individuals of which 293 have died in 743 had a position review them. >> if they were on an electronic wedding listed you look at them and review the patients are not? >> we did. everybody that we were able to determine on any of these waiting less of any variety described in this report. >> i just give you another 5,602 put in the report. why did you not look at -- those on the list at 3500. did you not look at any? >> if you were on the list and for asking for a veteran to get in

many of them were damaged. and then this is just a detail of the same thing where my hand is pointing, that's what you would look if you could get a close-up of it and then just below it, right after all of that scorch you can see good, clean stone. and then this is just another example. and you can see this in many places. now, this is a quote that i took right out of don hickey's book about the myths. there's many other examples but i like this one in particular because this is a british quote, and i'll read it to you, or in part. "francis james jackson, former british minister of the united states, wrote in the spring of 1811 that his successor, augustus jay foster, would act as a sort of political conduct tore attract the lightning that may issue from the clouds round the capitol and the white house at washington." so here's a british statement written in 1811, clearly talking about the white house. so i think we can now put to bed pretty much this myth that the white house was called the white house in 181

>> they were always very welcoming to me. and i have to tell you that publishers and authors do all kinds of sorts of things to be able to speak at this marvelous place. and it was lovely and as david said, brad and melissa had carried on the wondrous tradition that began with the energy and ingenuity. and they are keeping going and tonight is a testimony to the job that they do and the reverend that they did for books that we all share. richard nixon is a hard man to let go of. [laughter] i first remember him as a child in a black-and-white fuzzy television, seeing this odd man. he was on the ticket with general eisenhower. there was some problem of taking money from this secret funds. he was blaming his daughter's dog. and i thought, isn't he interesting. well, he never stopped being interesting. richard nixon was never boring. and if david mentioned, he was probably as interesting in his after presidency as he was during his presidency. i chronicled in the book, beginning when spiro agnew got into some trouble. and i said

in the beginning, things were -- patients were little bit more irritable. and they had more trouble with sequencing at times. >> i know your world is physical therapy and working within beauties. but walter reed also works with traumatic brain injury. is there any crossover in the approach you take for both types? >> we worked as a big team at walter reed so that the tbi or press were also there as well. if they had a bad traumatic brain injury, they would go to rehab facilities first. and so you sort of stabilize this and then they would come back to the amputee rehab. >> you mentioned that some of these [inaudible] was there a prosthetic developed to help them? >> they have one that is kind of like a padded bucket that they would set in. and it depended if it was part of their polis or if they are missing both of their legs at the hip. obviously walking is going to be consuming so much energy for them but it's not that practical for them to be walking around all day. but a lot of them wanted to try, and so we would try it out. and also we would have speci

i think those were probably anti-french as much as they were pro-british policies. >>> any case, the jeffersonian republicans took over as a result of the election. in so far as they could, they reversed those policies. they rejected military and naval preparedness. they modified hamilton's financial programs. and theyible moved away from a close relationship with great britain, which it really developed during the quasi war. when the commercial clauses of the jay treaty expired in 18 on 3, the british asked if we were interested in renewing them and the jeffersonian administration said absolutely not. later when jefferson was sort of compelled to send a diplomatic mission to london to try to resolve all of our outstanding differences and the result was the monday ron/pink any treaty, he refused to submit that treaty to the senate. that was further followed by -- largely over maritime issues, the british practice of impressment, which was removing seamen on the high seas, and the british odds which restricted our trade with the count nent the europe, between 1807 and 1812. the republ

they were public spirited citizens. they were famous by no means. but i found dozens, hundreds of stories. not only stories about how the business did for cattle were sold, the stories about my mother at age 11 doing a piano concert. newspapers in those days and small newspapers still today don't just report the big world events. they report what is going on in people's lives. and the newspaper archive.com and five or six other websites i was able to reconstruct a pretty interesting history of what i think was a family that tells the story of america in the 20th century. so anybody who is interested, i would love to help them in the starting point can be the list of these different resources. i am on their. nick kotz.com. anybody who wants any help, i will encourage and try to help them. now the callison story. we did not know the story. there were articles and cousins who were convinced that the kallison came from sudan, not from russia. but the story as they learn more about it is this. beneath 10 kallison was one of three brothers who lived in a

and these were not promises. company to patrol pennsylvania avenue to protect personal property. they would perform with two exceptions. extraordinary. occupying force behaving likeo/ that. so, excuse me while i take one more sip.<' that's what happened while washington was being occupied. now, six weeks, it was only three weeks later that the british forces, the same british force s=í descended on baltimo. more than 15,000 defenders, many coming in from surrounding counties and from pennsylvania and virginia. history has a way of taking a humiliating moment like that and turning it into glory. and this is what happened. it was raining hard and the bulbous hills were slashed with soggyehp trenches but even tho the men were wet, damp, tired and hungry, they were itching for payback for what had happened in washington. the general in charge of the british, major general robert ross, rode far ahead of the bulk of his troops and at breakfast he rashly predicted, tonight i'll sup in baltimore or hell. he never made

what were the foods? what were their cravings? >> pizza. >> pizza?dr. brantly's first request was for a chick-fil-a sandwich, which he immediately regretted. >> reporter: days passed. kent and nancy growing stronger. but their release hinged on those frequent blood tests. and then it happened. 17 days after he arrived in atlanta, a goodbye. kent watched his friend nancy get discharged. the medical team including dr. jay varkey cheered. >> when she came out of the room, it was like seeing a new person. it wasn't the person that had been brought in on a stretcher. it was the person that had been seen on photos all around the world. >> reporter: kent had to stay. waiting on the second of two blood tests. what was the feeling like when that second test came back okay? >> i was elated. i was so happy. all of a sudden, there were a lot of things to do. but the number one thing on my list was to walk out of that room and give my wife a hug. >> reporter: amber came running from the hospital cafeteria when she got the news. but the nurses had one last safety

all of them were crying, saying that they were not boko haram. two soldiers came either side and asked people to move away, and pop-pop-pop-pop-pop, they shot them all. >> williams: one of the terrified men called out to him. >> (translated): he told me, "this is the end of my life because these people will not spare me. they will kill me." he had seen the other dead bodies. he was alive, we were together, but in just a few seconds, somebody came and shot him. >> williams: militia members and people standing in the streets filmed the executions on their cellphones. the videos match the accounts of several eyewitnesses. bodies were left bleeding in the streets, with spent cartridges around them. some of the victims appear to be children. >> williams: no one knows the death toll for certain, but amnesty international estimates that more than 600 people died that day. and the killing didn't stop there. the military hunted other escaped prisoners down on the outskirts of town. i received two horrific videos that show what happened next: the bodies of

there were leaks. a handful were of concern to the commission. investigations were ordered. nothing resulted, as you would expect. we went on. another reason to get the report out. one of the reasons we had hearings which were considered private hearings, although a witness could ask for a public hearing and one did. the point was that a commission whether they should have had public hearings. the idea was going public with witnesses individually over several months produces a lot of coherenton without any shaping or emphasis on where it is going. the commission decided to remind -- president on all the important issues until they received a published report. >> you just answered the second most asked question for the audience. >> let me oral a phrase. we have to come to a conclusion. may i ask you to join me in thanking these panelists for all they have given us this afternoon? [applause] thank you for your attendance and attention. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] >> you're watching american hi

they were letting people know that the events were happening. and they were there to talk about what happened at the events. >> what else is different 30 years later? the tools you have at your -- how about the credit card? how important is that to raising money? >> the credit card is important. i don't know -- i can't say what was happening with credit cards 30 years ago. it really goes to the ability to communicate online. i suppose you would be going back about 30 years, about the time the phone industry was deregulated and there was more competition among phone companies. they started having these new, innovative products. touchtone became much more used than dial-up -- not dial-up, but rotary dial. communication has changed so much. >> what happened to your husband in this process? does he get back on his feet? >> he takes care of our children and still does computer repair. >> what is the impact of all this on your twins? >> they have been a part of this now for half their life. really, it is what they know. they know they have a mother wh

those were bellwether elections. everyone knew how those three states went, that was how the election would go in november. by october, lincoln was confident he would win. it was really only the summer he thought he would lose. thank you so much. [applause] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] next on the civil war, the med thompson discusses the 1864 election the between abram lincoln and general george mcclellan. she explains that lincoln was so unsure about his reelection chances that he had cap members -- cabinet members sign the blind pledge. she also talked about how important the soldier was to the outcome of the election. election.n the 1864 this talk was part of a symposium hosted by the emerging civil war blog. all right, i am not going to adjust the microphone, because we spent some time getting it adjusted for meg. i apologize if i look like i am hunched over. [laughter] i hate to stereotype, but i am sure that meg looks like a mi

or were they looking for? conspiracy theorists out there believe that government is looking to be snooping. there is a lot of technology out there for pattern recognition and a lot of technology in the analytics based understand is there a threat, is there a potential terrorist threat. you need a lot of information to go through which means that these bulk requests offer the ability to have bulk information to start seeing patterns. i am not sure these were individual targets. pattern can you see a develop and -- if you think there's a probable cause erie it that is what the government might have been looking for. >> does this revelation that back, thisd to help trickle down to users that might perceive them as a defender of privacy? >> i -- think that to some wasee, it shows that yahoo! willing to take a stand and say we are not necessarily comfortable. i do not think that when users are out there deciding who they will know their relationship with them makes a tremendous amount of difference. facebook operat

they were militia. they were not particularly well trained. they were not well equipped. up. they were here. i sometimes wonder how many of us today would show up if an invading army was moving towards capital and i think we need to give them credit for that. and honor their bravery. the other point i want to make here at the start is that bladensburg is also a story of missed opportunities because despite the fact that the americans were going against a very veteran troops well led by general ross with the able admiral coburn at his side, there were opportunities for the americans to turn this attack back before bladensburg, certainly. we missed opportunities where even a modest attack on the british advance could have turned the british back, ross was rightfully quite nervous advancing with this pretty small british force with very little artillery away from the ships. he was under strict instructions from london not to do anything that would risk his force. there was certainly risk involved in coming to washington. and even as late as really the 24th, when very belated

they were mistaken. >> we were going to pick up our stuff. i have a babe and we life in a dormitory. we wanted to get a push chair. i had a call from my mother and said the house was burning. >> each side blames the other. the separatists, it seems, fired first >> translation: they were standing with the canons. the ukranian army aimed and shot. they were standing here. they shot there and got the response. the responses went back and forth all day sunday. to the east of the airport we heard fire and bursts from a machine-gun. over to the north-west we heard explosions from rocket fire. this is a ceasefire in paper form only. fanning out from the check points, tanks were bracing on the city limits. they braced for more than this, pounding by forces, a violation of the minsk agreement. nonetheless, the government insists the cease pir is in force. over the last 24 hours, there was not information about civilians. at the moment we are not talking about a cancellation of the ceasefire agreement. faith in the truce is understandable yea low. >> o

what were their duties? how many were freed after the war? >> none of them really break down what was done, but most of them were certainly in a battle given arms. there's a wonderful book that was self published by a gentleman back in the 1970's where he breaks down the list of african americans who served in the revolution, and under the ships, there's quite a few lifted -- listed as gunners mates. no one is given and officers position, but they are given that obviouslys meant they were as involved in the survival of the ship and their shipmates as anyone else. i have not had a question before. that's a good question. >> [inaudible] >> well, we kind of just talked practically every captain had a mutiny to face. jones had several. his reputation and everything else, jones was very disliked by his sailors. what i found funny, he's not too popular with too many naval historians, either. they called him silent john because he never said two words if one were due, and where meanwhile, jones, at the drop of the hat, if a vagrant at the street cor

we were given hope by that.owever, their requests were impossible for us. 100 million euro, or all muslim prisoners to be freed. the requests from the terrorists were totally directed towards the government, really. and yet we as an american family had to figure out how to answer them. so there was a real disconnect with that. >> and the situation like that, is it left to you to figure out how to answer to them? >> it was. >> people in the government don't say here is what we recommend? >> no. the fbi was kind. they would look over our letter and tweak it, give suggestions, they did give some suggestions. but there was no feeling of real strategy or negotiation. it was, we did all the answering of the e-mails, you know? which was ridiculous, we didn't know what we were doing. i think isis thought the government was answering them. you know? i think the isis group wanted to engage our government. and our government refused to be engaged. you know? and i understand it. i know -- forgive me for making this sound si

. >> there were highway patrol officers all around the park and there were people putting the fence up. >> reporter: back in 1969, he was uc berkeley's student body president. in his speech at sprawl hall, he asked the people to take back the park. >> people started to drift down telegraph avenue toward people's park. they ran into the police barricades set up at telegraph and haste. some people threw some rocks or bottles. the police started throwing tear gas then the riot was on. >> these people were really afraid. they were really being hurt. >> reporter: the conflict became a war. as they road through downtown berkeley even children flashed the peace side. the heavy handed remark seemed to fire up if situation police were trying to quail. >> i was trying to give a midterm examination yesterday and the gas drifted in. i suppose from this gas delivered by helicopter. >> actually the law enforcement officers were attacked by the mob literally overrun. a lot of them crowds of mobsters that smashed them. >> reporter: but while tear gas may have seemed harsh enough, one man was shot and

they were leveled out. their edges were trimmed.hey were tipped into giant roles which gave them their the first semblance of pipe joints. ♪ the plates, which had now become cylinders, the outside scene was welded first. then the inside seam was welded. ♪ the operator study the growing metal reflected in a mirror. they were placed and hydraulically expanded. to make imperfectly round and straight and to test and strengthen them. now there ends were smoothed and , beveled. for field welding. an inspector examined the measured each joint. no surface remained unseen. the inspector examined the inside as thoroughly as the outside. finally, joint after joint rolled down. skids to a railroad site. the joints were fabricated in 31 foot length. and into diameters. the smaller joints within the larger ones, a new and ingenious idea for transportation of pipe. the pipe was moved 15 miles. it was taken aboard the ship, his destination was the persian gulf, 12,000 nautical miles and 45 days across. the pacific. towards the end of december, 19 4

were.t actually brings up a larger point that i think sometimes when things like this happen are working very hard to try to address the future needs of the city around housing, around all sorts of creating new neighborhoods, all sorts of different positive votes for the student develop it is not easy in this town. we know it takes a long time there's a lot of opinion. we have a lot of sites. it's very difficult process. we try to really make the case to residents in the city that good smart well-planned fivefold element is a positive thing. the city and that is sometimes very hard argument to make for people that a lot of our residents, they get that. even though they may not always -- except that when you have a situation like this, with the public sees that you have again not always developers are not backing out of a clear commitment that were going to do an absorbing that she's free helping to fund these transit infrastructures. when the public sees developers reneging from that commit

so i want to find out if there were indeed other women and if there were, how did they feel about it? was a positive? when i found or 12% of all homesteaders were single women, that is a significant number of people two of homesteaded. i feel like single women at that time, homesteading were validating that notion of greater freedom for women. i think they were kind of breaking trail for those of us who followed. and realizing that women can own property. they can take care of property. they can farm. they can manage their lies quite well independently. >> we sat by the university of wyoming topping prayerbook library to learn about the history and printmaking process. >> when i came to the university of wyoming 21 years ago, the first year i spent trying to get on my feet to organize the collection, we had about 50,000 to 60,000 books and i realize in addition to people coming in to research them, i wanted to bring in people myself so i thought what better way than to teach a class. i thought wouldn't it be great to have a whole semester where i could teach book history using the top

kids who were unhappy we were hording and on what they had.never got bags and the black kids would go out in the morning and the afternoon so we were waiting in late afternoon and out comes this golf bag. i said that is the vice president's bag and sure enough he looks over at the bench and the two of us were the only ones sitting there. pieces come on over so we went around with the vice president of the united states for 18 holes, four hours. to convince nixon i wasn't making this up i gave him the name of the pro and the assistant pro at burning tree so the next morning after this meeting with nixon he has a note to lambert field for an hour and a cartoonist comes in and says nixon talked about you all the way out to lambert air force, that is what good sign. i didn't hear anything from him so two weeks later i got this phone call, it is a familiar voice. can you come to new york and continue our conversation. i said sure. so i went to new york and for three hours, in richard nixon's office he quizzed me on everything i could think of, fore

i thought where the hell were these guys? is where were they?you get everybody mounted up you drive to the airport with this massive convoy. probably still worried about attacks on the way. >> sure. >> you get there and there's another confrontation between -- >> between the militia and whatever militia was controlling the airport. >> you have a smaller airplane not exactly big for everybody, load you guys up. or you walk up. >> they were starting to pull me up and i said i walked into benghazi and i am going to walk out of here. i get up slide to the edge there's still blood dripping down my arm. because it was a private jet, there was a flight attendant and her eyes as big as saucer plates. she is laying towels down because she is worried about her bost's airplane getting messed up. they bring in dave and he was in and out of consciousness through out the flight. somewhere in between that somebody is clearing their gun, their pistol in the plane. >> in the plane. >> a round goes off. the pilot says he wasn't going to take off until they figure

they were here. i sometimes wonder how many of us today would show up if an invading army was moving towards the capitol. i think we need to give them credit for that and honor their bravery. the other point i want to make here at the start is that bladensburg is also a story of missed opportunities. because despite the fact that the americans were going against very veterans troops, well led by general ross with the able admiral coburn at his side, there were opportunities for the americans to turn this attack back. before bladensburg, we certainly missed opportunities where even a modest attack on the british advance could have turned the british back. ross was rightfully quite nervous of advancing with this pretty small british force with very little artillery away from his ships. he was under strict instructions from london not to do anything that would risk his force. certainly there was some risk involved in coming to washington. even as late as really the 24th when very belatedly the american

they were in our charted -- they were in uncharted territory. madison,roe and james who had similar upbringings, but both very well-educated. they came to different conclusions even though their service only mirrored each other. they serve on the council of state. april executive. -- a plural executive. madison and monroe both served with the governors of virginia. they both served in the continental congress and the congress of the confederation. he had almost the same residence that came to different conclusions. that was true for a lot of the countrymen. the second question, thomas jefferson is in paris as the minister to france during this time. he does receive the most complete postelection analysis from both madison and monroe. he was their mutual friend. he once referred to madison and monroe as the twin pillars of my happiness. times jefferson invested in trying to convince madison to move next to him. he arty had monroe. if the three of us can live together we can hang out and retire and we will be happy. reading books, talking about bi

then there were those that were completely against it. he was a british mistake that did things like took the rolling stones for flying saucers. there was also a guy named dean crackle who said something like metric is definitely communist. one language, one measurement system. there's 160 acres. we built the homes and the down buckets in the textbook that had buffalo bill writing across the columbus of the west but the anti-metric activist was the one that made these t-shirts. there he is hanging out with tom wolfe and he put together the football which happened. it was covered by the new yorker, "new york times," thousands of people turned out. it happened in 1981 before the metric system was killed. one of the surprising things about the movement is that it wasn't the people who were for the metric system at the time were the ones that seemed the less thinking at the less good arguments and whether or not you agreed with their particular arguments it seemed like the people who were bringing fresh ideas to the movement were the guys lik

they were able to hide inside syria and knew they were safe from american airstrikes.they know they are subject to the strikes. how will the tactics and mechanisms change? >> they have already starting moving head quarters and moving in and amongst the population. they have abandoned some equipment on the field and pulled in disburse forces and they have taken the senior leaders and pliterally hidthe t away. the focus is not to attack the high value targets but to go after the middle management and communicat communicators of financial experts, bomb makers, trainers and the heart of what makes isis function. take those out and the senior leadership will collapse over time >> there were a number of other countries that dropped strikes as well. how significant is that? >> huge. absolutely huge. now the campaign has an arab face and our detractors in the region cannot say it is the cruseders against the islamics. mow it is the regional forces against isis. that changes the reflection of the campaign. the question we have to ask is how long will our arab allies stick with

you were chief of staff at the time. is that roughly correct, and if it isn't, i would allow you whatever time you need to properly explain what really happened on november 11th, 2011, so the american people can understand that september 19th is not the first time there has been considerable lapse, as i see it, and in fact during a long period of time, during your chief of staff time, now during your director time, we have had the kinds of things that we should be concerned about for protecting the president. so please tell us in whatever time you need about november 11th, 2011, where the "washington post" is right or wrong. this is your chance. >> thank you, mr. chairman. as you are aware my assignment as chief of staff -- >> could you get the microphone a little closer. >> certainly. mr. chairman thank you very much. in 2008 my assignment was chief of staff. my primary responsibilities at that time were business transformation and it transformation. to my knowledge and based of the briefings i have received of this thr

they were in tact. it was very different, especially because i had already found a bunch of people who were all burned up. there was this young woman there. she was in civilian clothes. she was very nicely dressed. her clothes weren't burned, her name tag she was the easiest i.d. i ever did because it was still around a chain around her neck and it was angela. and it was just like being hit by a hammer. here was a real person. this is a beautiful, young woman. she obviously was going to leave that evening or that morning or something and go out to her life and she wasn't ever going to do that. >> a lot of volunteers were doing a terrific job helping to bring them out of the buildings. >> the president flew directly here from florida. he is all right. we flew a couple of hours on air force one. we were not told where we would land until the time came. there were fighters accompanying the president's airplane. >> make no mistake, the united states will hunt down and punish those responsible for these cowa

they were in tact. it was very different, especially because i had already found a bunch of people who were all burned up. there was this young woman there. she was in civilian clothes. she was very nicely dressed. her clothes weren't burned, her name tag, she was the easiest i.d. i ever did because it was still around a chain around her neck and it was angela. and it was just like being hit by a hammer. here was a real person. this is a beautiful, young woman. she obviously was going to leave that evening or thatorning or something and go out to her life and she wasn't ever going to do that. >> a lot of volunteers were doing a terrific job helping to bring them out of the buildings. >> the president flew directly here from florida. he is all right. we flew a couple of hours on air force one. we were not told where would land until the time came. there were fighters accompanyin the president's airplane. >> make no mistake, the united states will hunt down and punish those responsible for these cowardly

, were going to appear.e had the famous dinner parties with men of one party or the other because he was trying to control power. what was happening, however, in the house of the secretary of state during those years is dolley was building a mini empire there. that's the place in washington. you could see the white house all dark up there but the house on s street was all light and where the republicans and -- she was building a political sell-on there and that certainly becomes most apparent when jefferson with the diplomacy between great britain and the united states screeches to a halt. it's important to look atçmk th thomas jefferson years not as a stand-in for the first lady but she's building a power base and it's no wonder when james madison is elected, the people of the town are very happy to have mrs. madison as president of s. >> developing criticism of madison, wasn't it simply the unfortunate circumstance of seceding thomas +++p[z victors, which is in-fighting. with thomas jefferson sort of sweep

we were not protected to the practically put the clinical times anyhow -- they were not protected here to go back if the packet court to protect them anyway. it's starts with how we put the government together. you need a soup to nuts theory. [applause] >> we show you the most relevant congressional hearings and public affairs events and on weekends, c-span3 is home to american history tv, the programs that tell our nation story, including six unique series am of the civil's 150th anniversary, visiting battlefields and key events, american artifacts, discovering what artifacts reveal about america's past. with theookshelf, best-known american history writers, the presidency, looking at the policies and legacies of our nation's commanders in chief. lectures in history, delving into america's past, in our new series, real america, featuring archival government and educational films from the 1930's through the 1970's. watch us in hd, like us on facebook, and follow us on twitter. this year, c-span is touring cities across the country, exploring american history. a look at our recent visit

notoriously difficult to aim, but they were really weapons of terror because they were almost like humanould flair up in the sky and come down and cause a blaze and quite a bit of damage where they hit, but because they were so difficult to aim, you know, they were difficult -- they were not a very reliable weapon for the british, but they were good at frightening the american troops, and the british were able to use them with great effectiveness for that reason. they started firing these, many of them were going over the heads of the militia troops, but that was enough to cause some of running. in fact, president madison has ridden up from washington. his headquarters was down here near the navy yard where the general winder had convened on the morning of august 24th. madison and most of the cabinet had come there as well, and madison had ridden by horse there to mostly to observe and make sure his secretary of war, john armstrong, would give general winder the support he needed. ma madison almost runs into fighting lines. the1 bv british arrive as madis gets there, and he rides across

israeli teenagers in june, these were the two men that were killed. how long has israel been planning this operation? >> let's just put this in perspective. basically in june, you had a series of murders, includion these three israeli teenagers that helped lead to the gas war, the biggest war between israel and hamas which runs gas in years, so that really shows how important these incidents were in june. the one you talked about, three israeli teenagers in the occupied west bank kidnapped and murdered in june. the israel forces have been searching for the two men it says belong to hamas that carried out this murder about a week ago, according to israeli official who i spoke to just now, he said that these two men were found in hebron in the occupied west bank, took israel a couple of details for surveillance. they decided to go in overnight, as the special forces went in, they were fired upon and these two men were killed. >> nick schiffron, thank you. >> coming up, mike lyons joining us with more on the u.s. strategy and how hard it is to target isi

were there? to 160. we did not count the number. >> what were the americans doing in the prison? >> they were there to make sure the prison was secure. there were so many americans, and they were all armed and wearing their uniforms. >> as the containers were opened, the full extent of the carnage became apparent. one soldier, who has since fled from afghanistan, describes the scene in an interview with a pakistani newspaper. >> i shall never forget the sensation as long as i live. it was the most revolting and powerful stench that you could possibly imagine. it was feces, rotten flesh -- a smell to make you forget all other smells you ever experienced in your life. >> for 10 days, the red cross try to get access but were refused. they were told they could not enter because american soldiers were working inside. the picture taken during period when the containers arrived at the prison confirms their presence. soldiers speak of u.s. searching the dead fortification before insisting that the afghan

those were the days we were scared with the ash and the heavy smoke. >> but the evacuation orders were lifted... and the couple said their i-do's in front of their family and friends. truly a story of beauty out of the ashes. >> a happy story. we always get calls from people wondering what's going on. is this me reading this story? >> i think it is. it's about mars. >> i know this like the back of my head. this is the nasa trip to mars. it's going to go around mars a bunch of time to take measurements and it was shot about 10 months ago but it's made the 10 months trip millions of miles to study the atmosphere from above to explore climate change. first mission to study the upper martian atmosphere to unlock the mystery of their climate. pretty cool there. we spoke with a nasa guy live last week. pretty cool. 40 degrees for now. wind out of the northwest at 7 mi.. dew point at 41. currently it's 50 degrees in chicago. donna bartlett is 43. aurora breeding at 42. 41 in rochelle. rochelle, that they dropped into the upper '30's. probably needed the jacket for a few days. you will again t

he -- his plans were kind of what they were looking for so every architect in the competition had to submit a drawing of what they wanted the building to be and some of the requirements, the board of capitol commissioners wanted was to have a building with a big dome, similar to what you'd see in washington, d.c., kind of emblematic center of a state capitol would be that dome and then also some of the features he was able to add to that was appealing to them. there also was some questions, people questioned his connection to the vice president of that capitol board of commissioners who was channing seabury, he lived next door to his mother, cass gilbert's mother and they were friends and there was a good relationship between cass gilbert and the vice president of the commission so there were some people questioning, did he get it because he was already well known by one of the commissionerss? but by his own merit he qualified as probably the best architect for this project. as you walk around or walk into the state capitol, it really is a magnificent piece of architecture and decora

>> they were both critical targets. isis, it's important that we academy against them not only in iraq, but syria. if they were able to build a safe haven, they can build a base to which we can plot and attack. this is a smaller group, but these are much larger groups in pakistan and chechnya. they are focused on homeland attacks and attacks in europe. because the plotting was getting advanced, it was critical to take advantage of this opportunity to go after them as well. >> how advanced was the plotting regarding the united states? the homeland. >> we are tracking it carefully and had intelligence suggesting they were moving far along. that's as much as i can say. given that, it was important to act and to try to disrupt what they were doing. >> i was at a meeting with the president from iran and he said it was not legal because it was not authorized by the united nations and the syrian government did not invite the u.s. in. >> that's wrong. in fact there is as you know a doctrine of collective self defense. the iraqi

many were loss and were taken by the shelter >> the two girls working on the lemonade stand today and additional 2000 was added to that total. >>> coming up, why she thinks the treat had more than just pot in them of the cookie. >>> the president facing pressures from congress to come up with a strategy to defeat isis, what he plans to do. >>> two california students were under arrest for bringing a loaded gun onto a school bus. that story is next. ...we need to break up. is it the biting? cuz i can stop? no! i love you and your show. it's cable. customers are more satisfied with u-verse. switch and we can stay together forever. forever? ow. i'm not gonna lie to you. it's also the biting. break up with cable. choose u-verse tv from $19 a month for 2 years. under arrest after police say they brought a loaded gun on onto a school bus. the sheriff's office says a 15-year-old brought the gun on the bus and then gave it to another student. authorities say the gun had one bullet in it which was in the magazine's clip. the school found out when other students on the bus started texting their