there is an odd connection to paul aber. is why the law school and lsu is named for him. the various about aspects of war crimes so it is a very interesting connection. our next speaker is carole emberton who is an associate professor of history at the university of buffalo. carole works on the civil war era as does everyone else here. her first book was beyond redemption. she is currently working on a book that will be titled a folk history of freedom dealing with the federal projects, writers projects and the interviews of former slaves during the depression era. her paper today is a hungry belly and freedom -- rations, refugees and reconstruction after the civil war. i am delighted to introduce carole emberton. [applause] everyone for coming to spend a portion of this glorious spring day inside with us. since i am -- it is kind of fortuitous that i am the last speaker before lunch, i will talk a lot about food. let me get started here. there we go. the slaves in winnsboro, south carolina, anticipated the arrival of william sherman's roops before they arrived in 1865. t