, and rightly so, that the german high seas fleet really had no comparison to the royal navy. they knew very well that if they were to go into sort of what would be considered a classic naval conflict, the germans wouldn't stand a chance against the british. so they began to develop u-boats with the initial idea that the u-boats would be able to sort of tip the scales a little bit. they could sneak out, sink some of the british capital ships, the big battle ships. they were somewhat successful in doing this but it was never really enough to tip the scales to balance the power to where they could have a real surface engagement. but this is predom flainant by because of the way u-boats were operating in this time. they weren't quite as efficient as they became later into world war ii. they were quite slow underwater and they weren't really operating in concerted is wolfpack tactics like they did in later years. they really kind of had to sit and wait and set up sort of a u-boat trap and you'd have surface vessels that would sort of try to lure the british navy in an area where th

doing this, the british surface fleet and the war on commerce, the idea here, initially, when the german navy was developing u-boats was again, they were very convinced and rightly so, that they had the german high seas fleet had no comparison to the royal navy. they knew it would be considered a class ic classic naval confli wouldn't stand a chance against the british. they could sneak out, sink the british capital ships, the battle ships, and they were somewhat successful in doing this, never enough to tip the scales to balance the power where they could have a surface engagement. this is predominantly because of the way uboats were operating at this time. they weren't as efficient as they became later in world war ii. they were quite slow under water, and they couldn't really operating in concerted wolf pack tactics as they did in later years. they had to sit and wait and set up sort of a u-boat trap, and they would have surface vessels that will try to lure the boats in and sink them with torpedos, pretty inefficient. as the war moved on. in 1915, it started to shift into this commerce wa

navy efforts against german u-boats. what lessons did the u.s. rn in world war i that they then applied in the battle for the atlantic in world war ii?-8ñ >> well, i think the primary thing they learned was the convoying system was a much more effective strategy for shipping than the lone ship, and there was a tremendous amount of argument between the military -- among the military leaders and the civilian leadership on this issue during the first world war because the argument for sending out the lone ships was that when -- first of all, when you ñ put a pack together, they're easier to find in a convoy, and, second of all, the convoy can only move as fast as its slowest ship. so they thought you were just creating a large, slow target for the u-boats with the convoys. but i think they underestimated in both the -- those who were against the convoy system, they underestimated in both the first and the second world war the or the u.s. economy to produce naval vessels that could accompany the convoy, just the sheer volume of the destroyers, the nav

when the do british -- when the -- during the interwar period there was l heavy sanctions put on german f navyor what they could do wit their naval assets. there's a thing called the anglo german naval treaty that specified the amount of tonnage that they could build to specific vessel types. to so what they did was they sent y all of their basically all of k the germans submarine experts to place unless south america, in other countries, to develop wor submarine technology outside ofi germany. and then when the war came back on they brought them back in and began developing these technologies. but in the initial -- in world war i the initial focus was on sinking capital ships. but they realized the real success was in sinking merchant- ships. so when world war ii began, they focus was immediately on predominantly on the sinking of merchant vessels. and they -- tactically they idnt operated much differently, as e well.that wer they believed they would be ablo to sink, and negotiate the cono convoy system by these wolf pact tactics that didn't exist in world war i.oy and this is where you'd hav

we are talking first by september of 1914 the japanese are chasing the german navy outside -- i'm sorry, this is a japanese map. you can see here is the islands north of the equator which japan takes care of and ultimately and immediately occupies and takes over in addition to moving in right there and taking over that just two months later by november of 1914. we heard earlier today about the pivotal nature of the battle and how it is a great important sort of check to german power. this also was a significant check to german power. essentially this is the end of german power in asia. so in that sense it is sort of a war that is won. here we have the japanese accepting the german surrender in german micronesia. here we have the japanese cavalry coming in where qingdao is located. even though essentially the war against germany in the asia pacific is won by november 1914 the japanese do get involved because they are requested to in the war in the mediterranean in particular. it is the japanese navy that gets involved. and first they are involved in convoying british imperial troops to t

we are talking first by september of 1914 the japanese are chasing the german navy outside -- i'm sorry, this is a japanese map. you can see here is the islands north of the equator which japan takes care of and ultimately and immediately occupies and takes over in addition to moving in right there and taking over that just two months later by november of 1914. we heard earlier today about the pivotal nature of the battle and how it is a great important sort of check to german power. this also was a significant check to german power. essentially this is the end of german power in asia. so in that sense it is sort of a war that is won. here we have the japanese accepting the german surrender in german micronesia. here we have the japanese cavalry coming in where qingdao is located. even though essentially the war against germany in the asia pacific is won by november 1914 the japanese do get involved because they are requested to in the war in the mediterranean in particular. it is the japanese navy that gets involved. and first they are involved in convoying british imperial troops to t

german submarines to reek havoc on troop transports going to europe. in 1917 oni began hiring archaeologists and anthropologists as agents to conduct archeological reconnaissance in mexico and central america. as you can imagine, the navy wasn't interested in mayan ruins but german submarines. the most noted was sylvanus morley. there was a book written by charles harris out of the university of new mexico. ultimately, however, there was no german submarine base and, thus, the entire work these people did was basically irrelevant but it's very interesting. i also think this guy looks a whole lot like a young indiana jones. and others like him for the navy in mexico and central america sparked a debate that really continues as reverberated to this day. when the war was over, one of his -- morley's colleagues, who is now generally recognized as one of the founding fathers of american anthropology, and who was rather a leftist and arguably more sympathetic to german than allied side during the war wrote an impassioned letter in which he said -- public letter in which he said, a person who uses science as a cover for political spying, who demeans himself to pose before a foreign government as an investigator and asks for a

we're talking, what, first -- by september of 1914, the japanese are chasing the german navy outside.orry, this is a japanese map. you can see sort of here's the marshall, mariana and carolina islands that japan takes care of. and ultimately -- well, immediately occupies and takes over, in addition to moving into chingdow right there and taking over that just two months later, by november of 1914. we heard earlier today about the pivotal nature of the battle and how it was a great important sort of check to german power. this also was a significant check to german power. this is the end to german power in asia. so in that sense, it's sort of a war that's won. here we have the japanese accepting the german surrender in german micronesia. and coming into the province where chingdow is located. essentially, the war against germany in theoke5 asia-pacifi won by november of 1914. the japanese get involved because they're requested to in the war in -- well, in the mediterranean in particular. it's the japanese navy that gets involved. first they are involved in convoying british imperial t

navy's largest contribution to the war was. and he said it was transporting the army into the field to defeat the germans in france.and daniels was the last member of wilson's administration to vote for war in the spring of 1917. one of the reasons why he waited so long before he would finally vote for war was because he felt it would take an enormous army and casualties as a result of that to defeat the germans in the field. and most of the other cabinet members did not agree with this. they thought that the united states would just supply material aid and end the u boat menace and that would be enough. daniels said we are going to need an army. so he thought the most important thing that the navy did was to get that army into the field. and he claimed -- now, in my research i was not able to verify this -- but he claimed that no u.s. service man or woman lost their life on a u.s. navy vessel while being transported to france. and if that's true that would be a tremendous accomplishment. in any case he did get the army over there and the war was eventually brought to a conclusion. and then that set up the post war

navy's largest contribution to the war was. and he said it was transporting the army into the field to defeat the germans in france.and daniels was the last member of wilson's administration to vote for war in the spring of 1917. one of the reasons why he waited so long before he would finally vote for war was because he felt it would take an enormous army and casualties as a result of that to defeat the germans in the field. and most of the other cabinet members did not agree with this. they thought that the united states would just supply material aid and end the u boat menace and that would be enough. daniels said we are going to need an army. so he thought the most important thing that the navy did was to get that army into the field. and he claimed -- now, in my research i was not able to verify this -- but he claimed that no u.s. service man or woman lost their life on a u.s. navy vessel while being transported to france. and if that's true that would be a tremendous accomplishment. in any case he did get the army over there and the war was eventually brought to a conclusion. and then that set up the post war

was given for invading those countries, or at least the reasons the navy department gave for invading those countries, was to keep german influence and u-boat tens from being established in those countries. daniels was referred to and again not favorably by the end of his administration and as king josephus i, ruler of haiti, and sometimes referred to as the king of the dominican republic, because it is basically the navy mean reason corps that are running those countries during daniels' administration. so he gets involved again rather reluctantly in these gun boat excursions in the caribbean and central america. another aspect of the administration's policies with respect to the war before the united states enters the war, is the formal policy of the administration which is neutrality, and daniels was a staunch supporter of the administration's neutrality policy as it was announced. but he and wilson had a great deal of conflict over how the policy was actually carried out. wilson, in daniels' view, favored the british. and arguably that may have been the more popular political position in the country. more broadly. th

he realized great britain needed to modernize its navy to compete with modernization of the german military. to do so if he needed to secure a long-term supply of oil that britain would control. great britain secured the supply from iran and this is critical at cnn chief that the allies had in world war ii. oil is one of the main reasons hitler attacked russia in the winter and we know how that ended. let's know russia worked with the u.s. and the u.k. to defeat the not pleased, sending today our media forgets. i am not here to glorify putin. i am here to lay the facts you can make decisions for yourself. history took a dramatic change during the conference in july 1944. two critical outcomes occurred out of this conference. first, the 44 allied governments agree to maintain a fixed currency versus the u.s. dollar. interestingly enough, they never agree to this, but the 44 allied nations who agreed each country pledged to buy and sell the u.s. dollars to keep keep the currency within 1% of the agreed-upon exchange rate. if everyone agreed to that, the u.s. government assured the allies at t

bombers based in britain just 30 miles away, were approaching the german occupied beaches at a perpendicular angle from north to south. the navy said we don't want the bombers dropping short because they will endanger the ships offshore. the bombardier's added another fudge factor, a long story short, most of the bombs fell 1.5 to three miles behind the beaches and, therefore, really did no benefit to the landing troops. >> any of you have traveled to england and how terrible the weather is. try to fly to heathrow is a real obstacle. you may have the tight story about so there really was no perfect day and was just incredible luck. >> d-day was originally scheduled for june 5, and eisenhower agreed the previous dark morning that they would have a 24 hour weather hold, and then after that it was either all or nothing. because the next favorable tides and moonphase were about three weeks downstream. >> don't you think it's amazing to think they kept that a secret? in the same way the oak ridge or los alamos remained basically a secret during the war? think about that now. i find it fascinating and will get to do such as the paym

german soccer. whether he achieves his dream of a better life remains to be seen. he and his fellow refugees survived their dangerous journey thanks to the italian navy.f they had been forced to rely only on the new triton mission, they might not be here today. >> a tragic issue, which europe is really struggling with. now to poland, where archaeologists are excavating the remains of one of the most shocking sights of nazi brutality. many concentration caps are in fact brutal labor caps -- camps where victims were worked to death or died of starvation, but there was for many a slight chance of survival. camps like this were built simply to kill people. jews and roma were often driven straight from the trains into the gas chambers. only a few people escaped. our reporters met up with one as he went on a brave journey into the painful past. >> it's a miracle that philip survived. now he is almost overwhelmed by the moment. for the first time, he sees the foundations of the gas chambers of the extermination camp where the nazis murdered up to 250 thousand people, including his family. all that remains today are a few bricks remaining of the floor plan. >

he realized great britain needed to modernize its navy to compete with the modernization of the germanmilitary but to do so are needed to secure a long-term supply of oil. great britain secured the supply from iran and this was critical advantage that the allies had in world war ii. oil was one of the main reasons hitler attacked russia in the winter and we know how that ended. but let's note russia worked with the u.s. and the u.k. to defeat the nazis something today armenia forgets. i'm not here to glorify putin. i'm here to lay out the facts that you can make decisions for yourself. history took a dramatic change during the bretton woods conference in july of 1944. two critical outcomes occurred out of this conference. first the 44 allied governments agree to maintain a fixed currency versus the u.s. dollar. interestingly enough russia was never invited to this meeting and they never agreed to this but the 44 allied nations who agreed each country pledged to buy and sell the u.s. dollar to keep the currency within 1% of the agreed-upon exchange rate. if everyone agreed to that the u

navy and sent to a p.o.w. camp. "unbroken" is rated "pg-13." >> greatest device in history and the germans use it for communications.let me try and we'll know for sure. >> another world war ii movie based on a true story, "the imitation game" follows a mathematician who's trying to crack german codes and win the war. rated "pg-13." >> they know your name, they feel invincible. >> they aren't. they think they are. "american sniper" based on a new york times best seller, starring bradley cooper as the u.s. navy s.e.a.l. "american sniper" is rated "r." >> if i give you this money and you don't pay me back, there are no rules. do you understand the gravity of the situation? >> i understand. >> there's mark wahlberg, leading a double life as a gambler in the movie "the gambler," also rated "r." >> i paint every single one of them and no one will ever know but you. >> reporte >> "big eyes," one of the most successful painters in the '50s and '60s, but it would soon come out his wife was the one who painted the popular works of art, rated "pg-13." ♪ ♪ >> and lastly, "into the woods" has a star-studded cast including meryl

navy and sent to a p.o.w. camp. "unbroken" is rated pg-13. >> it's beautiful. it's the greatest encryption device in history and the germans use it for all communications. everything thinks enigma is unbreakable. >> let me try. >> another world war ii movie based on a true story "the imitation game" follows a mathematician who tries to crack german code and win the war. it's rated pg-13. >> all these guys, they know your name and feel invincible with you up there. >> they are if they think they are. >> american sniper" is the latest film from clint eastwood. it stars bradley cooper as the u.s. navy s.e.a.l. considered the deadliest sniper in u.s. history. "american sniper" is rated r. >>> if i give you this money and you don't pay me back, there are no rules. do you understand the gravity of your situation? >> i understand. >> john goodman, mark wahlberg there. wahlberg plays an english professor who leads a double life as a gambler, rated r. >>> i paint every single one of them, every big eye. me. and no one will ever know but you. >> the true story "big eyes" stars christophe walt as walter keen. it soon comes out that h