on the right, you can see they were measuring the electro encephalogram. '02 it is a way to measure brainaves and can indicate if someone is asleep or not. they found, you can see in the younger age group, more what we call power in alpha and theta ranges. really that means a greater propensity to fall asleep and more sleep occurring in the younger age groups. so there is another challenge as we try to address this in the younger group. teenagers are also prone to distraction and risky behaviors, and here on the left is some nhtsa data that showed that for crashes in teenagers that are 15 to 18-year-old drivers, that driver error was the cause in more than 95% of crashes. what i'd like you to appreciate is that, recognition errors, decision errors and performance errors make up most of this. so actually falling asleep only made up 1.2% of critical teen driver errors resulting in accidents. however, this study did not assess crashes occurring between midnight and 6:00 a.m. which may have artificially reduces that number. recognition errors involving things like distracted driving or inatte