certainly have had good buyographys over the year him favorite remains the biography from 1935 boris suverine. he was a participant in the events and appears in this volume. and i thought that even though there have been many subsequent ones that there was still room. to try to write a biography that would equal the man and equal to the history that he lived through and made himself. that was the goal. we'll see. the readers will determine whether it's successful or not. the book proceeds on multiple levels. one issue it argues that geopolitics is a principle driver of history. that a state-to-state relations are really major, maybe even the driver, of history across the world. for example we have this concept called modernization, how things modernize you. go from the a more traditional society to a more modern society. i make the argument in the become that this process is driven almost entirely by state to state relations. the big and powerful countries acquire new technology, new forms of politics and organization, new forms of mass culture, and they force the others to match them to mode