we have to leaders in the room today from the charter school association aunt mary carmichael these twondividuals can probably teach tell you more in their respective communities but one of the things that you notice is the sense of learned helplessness. people have come to these communities to offer hope they and they have left. unfortunately that is what happens cop with the school district leaders. they may have support at the time when office but unfortunately the average tenure is less than three years. then the next person comes with new ideas so understanding where they come from to make whenever infrastructure will stay there and one reason why a charter schools trumps any systemic reform because families are choosing them. because they are assigned to those schools. >> we obviously overlooked the most obvious grass-roots effort, in the waiting list. parents are voting with their feet. that i don't want the school that i am assigned. to the standard 20 or 30 or 40 or 50 percent of the entire student population. there is no other movement. a hour school has 4,200 children on the

two leaders in the room today, darlene chambers from the ohio charter school association and mary carmichael with the south carolina charter school association in the back. these two individuals probably can tell you more about what they're doing in their respective communities. but i will tell you this, piggybacking on what mishay said. one of the things you notice when you go to a lot of these communities is the sense of learned helplessness. a lot of people have come to these communities to offer hope and they have left. that's often quite frankly and unfortunately what happens with school district leaders who go in with a lot of hope. they may have the school board's support at the time. in an office they offer hope they create a safe community, but unfortunately the average tenure of an inner city district superintendent is less than three years. so when they leave they take those ideas and the next person comes with new ideas. i think understanding where they're coming from and making sure that whatever infrastructure you have in place is one that's going to stay there after the reform