funding for this program was provided by the annenberg/cpb project. [middle eastern violin music] ["we three kings" played on saxophone] (male narrator) what is it that distinguishes the sound of one instrument or voice from another? [ensemble playing turkish music] what accounts for the infinite variety of sounds that can be produced? [airy flute-like music] the quality of sound of instruments and voices are influenced by a number of factors that taken together produce what is called tone color or timbre. [sticks clacking] [cultural music montage] [playing buzzing and whirring sounds on a jew's-harp] (brown) timbre is tone quality you know when you listen to a sound when you listen to a musical note, you hear several things. [throaty singing] you hear the basic note, but you also hear some overtones. you hear some other sounds that are generated. [shrill flute plays] the partic ular combination of overtones that you hear gives each musical instrument its own sound. [single note played on various instruments] you could play a note-- say a "g" on a gui

funding for this program was provided by the annenberg cpb/project. [orchestra plays] (male narrator) the fabric of music can be woven in many different ways. [flutes play] throughout the world people have devised fascinating methods of blending instruments and voice to produce an infinite variety of musical textures. [trio playing] texture refers to the relationship of voices and instruments in an ensemble. it's the way they're blended together into a musical whole. [low hum and sticks clacking] [cultural music montage] what i'd like to do now is start with the tenor section then the alto and the soprano, and then i'll add the bass. one, two, three, and ♪ jesus is a rock in a weary land... ♪ (narrator) the subject of musical texture raises a number of questions. how are the different voices or instruments in a performance put together and organized? let's add the altos, altos, tenor, and bass, ready ♪ jesus is a rock in a weary land... ♪ (narrator) how many parts are there? does one voice or melody stand out? how do the various parts relate to each o

funding for this program was provided by the annenberg/cpb project. (narrator) music and time are inextricably linked. in fact, one of the primary aspects of music is that it divides time into patterns of sound and silence. this division is what is known as rhythm. rhythm is rhythm is rhythm. in each part of the world, they have a way in which they hear and express rhythm. dancing, singing, walking, praying, rhythm is the way we do it. [low hum and sticks clacking] [cultural music montage] rhythm is the temporal organization of music. it's how music is organized in time. it divides time into an organized series of moments periods, durations. without rhythm, we wouldn't know how to perform the series of tones. rhythm you can consider fluctuations or pulsations in time. but forgetting the whole technical thing, rhythm is feeling and it's motion, and rhythm hits you at your core-- at your physical core. rhythm is probably the most physical element of music. (narrator) for much of the world's music, the foundation of rhythm is a steady reoccurring pattern

annenberg media ♪ nenberg media ♪ will

annenberg media ♪ ♪ ds. federal reserve, created to prevent suca tragedy, only made things worse. what had gone wrong? 1951, during the korean conflict, president truman also faced anoer battle, between the federal reserve and the treasu over financing the war. how would it be resolved? 1965, lyndon johnson's administration was spending on both a war and a greasociety without raising taxes. the fed was left to fight the resulting inflation alone. the nation's central bank, originally created to protect the banking system against panics acquired more powe to affect the economy than even it imagined at theutset. the federal serve: does money matter? with the help of economic analyst richard gill we'll explore that question on economics usa. i'm david schoumacher. coins, billschecks--our basic moy supply. the amount of money and where it goes wiin the bankingysm has en the main concern of our nation's central bank. at t fed's heauaers re in washington, dc closedeliberatioare held by experts who continuously mon

annenberg media ♪ ♪ ell inflation. a year later 12 million workers were unemployed. was it hard to stop inflation? in 1985, industrial world leaders gathered in bonn to ask, "why was a growing international trade making it harder to solve domestic economic problems?" by 1985, the economy appeared to be slowing down, and economists were still asking what to do about the next recession. activist theories of fiscal and monetary policy have dominated economics since the depression. by the mid-1980s we were doubting our ability to manage the economy. stabilization policy-- are we still in control? we'll investigate that with economic analyst richard gill's help on this edition of economics usa. i'm david schoumacher. for many years after the great depression national economic policy's basic goal was minimizing unemployment. but the winter of 1982 saw 12 million unemployed. many complained they were victims of a needlessly cruel government policy. public enemy number one was inflation, and jobless workers were the war casualties. the battle cast new doubt on the government

funding for this program is provided by annenberg media. narrator: of all the planets in our solar system, none can support complex life except earth. but the conditions on earth we re not always so suitable for life, and scientists are working to reconstruct the history of two essential requirements whke tlanet hatable. the first is free oxygen in the atmosphere. the other is a moderate and stable climate. paleontologist andy knoll has spent much of his career examining earth's rock record to piece together the history of early life and the rise of oxygen. there's this close waltz if you will, between the history of earth's physical environments and the history of life. narrator: geologist paul hoffman studies the time in our planet's history when the climate was much more extreme, a period called the snowball earth. hoffman: during the maximum cold of the snowball earth, you have an earth that's more like mars than it is like earth. narrator: hoffman is seeking answers to how the earth entered this snowball and, more important for us how

funding for this program is provided by annenberg media. narrator: oceans cover 75% of the earth's surface and impact life on our planet in profound ways. the tropical pacific spanning almost half the earth's circumference triggers el niÑo events affecting storm tracks rainfall and temperatures across the globe. on a quieter but no less important scale, the tropical oceans are teeming with what may be the smallest and most abundant organisms on earth. microscopic phytoplankton are the base of the food chain on which much ocean life depends. both processes are only partially understood, yet they each have far-reaching effects on ocean systems and ultimately on the habitability of our planet for human life. fertilized by the upwelling of a cold, nutrient-rich current, the coastal waters of peru and ecuador bring an abundant and dependable harvest to the fishermen of south america. but, mysteriously, every few years, this cold current is replaced by warm waters severely depleting the fish population. this warmer current appearing usually aroun

annenberg media ♪ ast asia and south pacific contains the fourth most populous country in the world andhe largest islamic country in the world. they are, in fact, one and the same: indonesia. a fragmentary state spread across an archipelago of 13,000 islands, indonesia's motto is "unity in diversity." lately, it does not seem so unified. east timor recently broke away. rebel forces on aceh and irian jaya threaten the same. while most of indonesia is islamic the island of bali is mostly hindu. is this why radical muslims recently bombed a popular nightclub here? or it is because the tropical paradise was a mecca for western tourists? in the current war against terrorism, we explore the geographical roots of the tourist economy that crashed after the violent attack in 2002; whether the influx of visitors will threaten the local indigenous culture; and how bali's distinct culture fits into the complex diversity of indonesia. these balinese fishermen still use the methods passed down from their grandfathers. but life around them is changing. it's a lot greener than i thought it'd be. yeah!

funding for this program is provided by annenberg media. narrator: the world needs energy. and nearly 80% of it comes from burning fossil fuels -- oil, natural gas, and coal. but burning these fuels emits carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. how can we continue to supply our ever-growing need for power without damaging the environment? one possibility is to put the carbon dioxide back where it came from -- in underground rock formations. the midwest regional carbon sequestration partnership is investigating this strategy which will help mitigate the effects of the continued use of fossil fuels for energy. renewable energy sources are another option. and in golden, colorado, the natural renewable energy laboratory is trying to scale up processes for creating biofuels from the products of american farms their goal is to supply up to a third of the country's gasoline needs within 25 years. both projects are pushing the limits of modern science in hopes of leading the way to a more sustainable energy future. 40% o

annenberg media ♪ ♪ we could even wreck this country but we're not going to do it, senator.oumacher: in 1975 fed chairman arthur burns refused to open the monetary floodgates to fight rising unemployment. why was he holding back? four years later chairman paul volcker set the fed on a course that would lead to the worst recession since the great depression. what could have been worth such a terrible price? on october 20, 1987, the heartbeat of the financial world nearly fluttered out. what could new fed chairman alan greenspan do to revive the patient? during the 1970s and '80s, the federal reserve adopted long-term policies to halt inflation and ease unemployment. but what would the fed do in an economic emergency? monetary policy -- how well does it work? that's the question economic analyst richard gill and i will investigate on this edition of "economics usa." i'm david schoumacher. the federal reserve board is responsible for deciding how much money the economy needs to grow. in the early 1970s the fed held to a policy of using the money supply to try to keep the econom

funding for this program was provided by the annenberg/cpb project. ♪ silent night, ♪ ♪ holy night, ♪s calm, ♪ (male narrator) melody is one of the essential elements of music. changes in pitch one after another create rising and falling contours which taken together impart meaning. [jazzy saxophone plays] melody is the story you're telling and for that reason, to me, melody is in some ways the most important element of music. it's like a story because it has a beginning it has a plot, and it has an ending. [spirited violin plays] melody, i define it as a group of notes that are in love with each other. [low hum and sticks clacking] [cultural music montage] (narrator) all over the world with instruments and voice people create an uncountable number of melodies in an enormous variety of styles. the methods in which a musical culture generates its melodic forms depend on the musical rules and practices of that culture. these rules are employed by composers and performers, and are implicitly understood by listeners as well. ♪ that baby boy i never saw before. ♪ (narrator) but at the basi

and the annenberg foundation. the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you, thank you. once again, live from washington, moderator gwen ifill. gwen: good evening. the hits just keep on coming. unfortunately the agency taking the hits is the u.s. secret service, which among other things, is responsible for keeping the leader of the free world safe. it's also an agency that just got a new leader to help them recover from earlier setbacks that included white house breaches and international incidents. carol leonnig, who's been breaking all these stories, was on the case again this week. recap for us what happened in this latest episode on march 4. >> so the secret service has investigated that they're investigating this after we came to them bay week later that two very, very senior agents, not rank and file but two of the highest ranking people in the agency were coming back from a party in a downtown bar drove a government car onto the white house grounds, w

the annenberg foundation, the corporation for public broadcasting and and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. once again live from washington sitting in for gwen ifill this week, pete williams of nbc news. pete: good evening. imagine being arrested at gunpoint because your car windows were tinted too dark. the justice department this week said that kind of police conduct is routine in ferguson missouri. six months after the shooting of michael brown that ignited protests nationwide, attorney general eric holder said the police in ferguson treat the public, especially african americans, not as constituents to be protected, but as sources of money for the town coffers. >> our findings indicated that the overwhelming majority of force, almost 90%, is directed against african americans. in fact, our view of the evidence found no, no alternative explanation for the disproportionate impact on african american residents other than implicit and explicit racial bias. pete: pierre, you've seen dozens of these kinds of reports. how is this different? pierre: the

the annenberg foundation, by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions. to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >>> next on "kqed newsroom" -- privatizing transit. from buses to shuttles. >> it's a perfect fit for a. >> what's driving the trend. >>> good evening, and welcome to "kqed newsroom." i'm thuy vu. private companies are changing the way many of us are getting to work. for years google facebook and other firms have run shuttle buses to take their employees to and from their campuses. now some start-ups are getting into the transit business. in the past year three new companies have begun offering some san francisco commuters a faster way to work at more than twice the price of a muni ride. scott shafer checks out two of the new

annenberg media ♪ ♪ ar's end the price tag will pass $200 billion. will we pay for world war ii? 1960. as president eisenhower talks of paying off the national debt the economy stumbles into a recession. how can a budget surplus hurt the economy? 1999. huge deficits turn to surplus. what would the government do with the money? almost every year the federal government spends more money than it takes in. year after year, the tide of red ink rolls on. "federal deficits: can we live with them?" we'll investigate that question with the help of economic analyst richard gill on this edition of "economics u$a." i'm david schoumacher. most of us have been taught that to spend more money than we earn is to court financial disaster but the federal government seems to play by a different set of rules. almost every year the country runs a deficit. yet we're told that deficit is necessary, even beneficial. but deficits piled one on top of another create a growing national debt. and the interest payments on that debt add more dollars to the next year's deficit. dur

i spoke to the chinese at length before annenberg and a lot after annenberg-- a lot of travel to beijing last year. and i think-- and therese, my wife and i know the president and michelle reasonably well and the reality is that they've got two young kids, and there were -- >> the chinese understood? >> the chinese are very family people. they understand when you've got kids, and younger kids and from memory i think one of the kids had a birthday or some family celebration at the time. but here's the other point is that neither president xi jinping nor his wife had explicitly or expressly or solely come to the u.s. they had been visiting latin america, and there was a working level visit on the way through. besides if there was any difficulty arising from it, i think michelle obama's and the kids' subsequent visit to beijing as their host i think smoothed the way. i don't think that's a problem. the key thing, the chinese leadership, is the tin tacks of the one relationship in the world which fundamentally matters to their future, and that's this one the united states. >> rose: and what

the annenberg foundation. the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. once again live from washington, moderator gwen ifill. gwen: good evening. for us fire surprises are the best surprises. by that measure, senator leader harry reid won the day, announcing he will leave the zphat when his term ends in 2016. the 75-year-old reid, who suffered a greivis injury to his face and eye earlier this year in an exercising accident, said his forced recovery gave him time to think but he insists that is not why he's stepping down. he posted this video online. >> these bruises i have on my face, on my eye, are an inconvenience but trust me, they're nothing compared to some of the bruises i got when i was fighting in the ring. gwen: went reid was once a boxer, something that surprises no one that has run against him negotiated him or covered him. manu raju is one of the latter. what do we know about why he really skepped down? manu: he was facing a rea

>> annenberg foundation has whole series of films and teaching devices. justice kennedy gave a speech about this years ago, which in part led to justice o'connor developing i civics and i civics has millions of hits and he's trying to do the same thing. they're trying to in boston at this moment in one week they will open senator kennedy's institute, and what that is is a model of the senate. and there are little handheld computers which will make you the senator if you're a schoolkid, and will then give you problems and you'll learn how the senate works. and maybe that will go out over the internet and they need one for the house. >> outstanding. >> and so gradually it is possible to use the devices that we have now to teach. when scalia and i have done, go to texas and talk to a large number of schoolkids, and they get interested and they see that we have differences of opinion that are not personal. fabulous. >> yes. >> and so there you see the enthusiasm in my voice. >> i love seeing the passion, i think it's a great and necessary task. >> one of the

annenberg media ♪ ♪ . throughout the world disastrous weather caused crop failures of immense proportions. why did these two events affect inflation and unemployment in the american economy? u.s. society was besieged by the twin assaults of inflation and unemployment in the 1970s. why couldn't the government achieve significant success against the ravages of stagflation? in the late 1990s, the economy was booming. unemployment was at a 30-year low and inflation was also at a 30-year low. did that mean inflation was dead? during the 1970s the american dream threatened to become the american nightmare. for the first time, we were faced with skyrocketing prices and exploding unemployment. stagflation -- why couldn't we beat it? with economic analyst richard gill we'll explore that question on this edition of "economics usa." i'm david schoumacher. schoumacher: since the passage of the employment act in 1946, it has been accepted policy for the government to fight unemployment by stimulating total demand. ofte

frightful land of mystery into a patriotic symbol of the beauty and promise of america. ( music ) annenberg media ♪ by: narrador: bienvenidos al episodio 35 de destinos: an introduction to spanish. en este episodio pati se va a nueva york. claro, juan no está muy contento.

. >> ♪♪ >>> the african children's choir performed for philadelphia students today at the annenberg centerthe university of pennsylvania. many of the members are or fans. the mission of the choir to raise awareness about that issue. the choir is on a tour of north america through the month of january. [cheers and applause] hey, how's it going? oh, jennifer and i had the most romantic vacation. really? there were gunshots... explosions... one night we decided to spice things up so we sent an innocent woman to prison for being a witch. you are guilty! then we called it a night because we had an early tee time. with so much to do stay where the action is. book one of our hotels at colonialwilliamsburg.com. >> phillies-yankees. this may have been more than a spring training game. >> phillies got a chance to see their future. immediate future may be bleak but they hope what they have in the pipeline is something special. aaron nola first round pick from a year ago is unveiled in a grapefruit game. first taste of the big league faces the new york yankees. two on one out his defense has his back.

for information about this and other annenberg media programs... here, kitty, kitty!ou'd think it would be easy to tell which kids had trouble with their eyesight, but that's not always the case. herekiy, kitty for clueon h to spot the gns of childhood vision problems visit checkyearly.com. funding for this program was provided by... at vacation retreats in ancient mexico, aztec kings bathe while their armies sack and burn a remote town. thousands of captives are marched to the capital where their hearts are offered to gods who sanctioned conquest. every city and town in the empire pays tribute in exact amount and kind as specified by the aztecs or risks horrible consequences.

annenberg foundation has a whole series of films and teaching devices. justice kennedy gave a speech about this years ago, which, in part, led to justice o'connor developing icivics and icivics has millions of hits. and he's trying to do the same thing. they're trying to -- in boston at this moment, in one week, they'll open senator kennedy's institute. what that is a model of the senate and there are little hand-held computers which will make you the senator, if you're a school kid, and will then give you problems and you'll learn how the senate works. and maybe that will go out over the internet to classrooms. and they need one for the house. rep. rigell: outstanding. justice breyer: and so gradually, i think, and very enthusiastic, that it is possible to use the devices that we have now. rep. rigell: oh, yes. justice breyer: to teach -- when scalia and i have done go to texas and talk to a large number of school kids, and they get interested. and they see that we have differences of opinion that are not personal. and they see that the agreement is mor

unifying force and vital core of color in the east building of the national gallery of art. ( music ) annenberg media ♪ by:

i think the 2004 annenberg poll is outdated, first of all. that was 10 years ago.in the last 10 years, many things are changing, including this movement. a lot of people's minds have changed. native american people and non-native american people. i think when you look at polls we are very misguided because we are looking at numbers. we are looking at several people participating in these things. the validity of them, it is not there. i always ask, would you lead a civil rights movement to a poll? no. because this is a movement. it's not going anywhere anytime soon. [applause] >> sounds like overwhelming majorities and things like that. i believe you even mentioned some polling. i'm wondering where that came from. >> suzanne, why don't you talk about the annenberg poll. >> we do know how to count. we have given our organizations responsibilities for carrying out their wishes. since the late 1960's and the early 1960's for some organizations, or major national native organizations have all been moving in the same direction. they represent the overwhelming majority of

annenberg media ♪ sia is one of ancient cultures and modern eco

for more informa annenberg media ♪ by:

. ♪ annenberg media ♪ by: narrador: bienvenidos al episodio 30 de destinos.este episodio. iay! iraquel! dormí mucho. sí, y te hizo bien. así estarás más descansada. ¿y roberto? todavía no se sabe nada.

for more information on the col annenberg media ♪ hola, tío pedro. hola, mercedes. hola, ramón.é tal? ¿cómo está fernando? ha dormido casi todo el día. estuvo el doctor. ya habló con el especialista de guadalajara. narrador: bienvenidos al episodio 32 de destinos. primero, algunas escenas de este episodio. ...el nieto de fernando y rosario estaba trabajando en una excavación arqueológica.

annenberg foundation has a whole series of films and teaching devices. justice kennedy gave a speech about this years ago which, in part, let to justice o'connor developing icivics and icivics has millions of hits. and he's trying to do the same thing. they're frying to -- in boston at this moment n one week they'll open senator kennedy's institute. what that is a model of the senate and there are little hand-held computers which will make you the senator f you're a school kid and will then give you problems and you'll learn how the senate works. and maybe that will go out over the internet to classrooms. and they need one for the house. >> outstanding. >> and so gradually, i think and very enthusiastic, that it is possible to use the devices that we have now. >> oh yes. >> to teach -- when scalia and i have done go to texas and talk to a large number of school kids and they get interested. and they see that we have differences of opinion that are not personal. and they see that the agreement is more important than the differences. fabulous. >> yes. >> t

we have annenberg trying to do that through stories. we have civics we have the carnegie institute for education. we have the kennedy institute. we have probably dozens of others. you get behind them. what can you do with those films? get ken burns. say, ken burns why don't we have a set of 10 films. the first is story of cherokee indians, contrary to law they're driven into georgia. out of the georgia into oklahoma doing that despite the supreme court. general eisenhower at the moment taking 1000 paratroopers from fort bragg, flying them into little rock so those black children could go into that white school. let's go through a few cases that illustrate very dramatically and visually, what it means to live in a society of 310 million different people, who helped stick together because they believe in a rule of law. and a rule of law means the opposite of the arbitrary. and you are part of that just as much as we are. so are they. you say yes. all right. so, there is a lot that can be said. there is a lot that can be done. i could not

annenberg media ♪ and: with additional funding from these foundations and individuals:

today they are at the annenberg center in university city for all of them this is their first trip outr homeland after just six months of learning english. >> in america we have enough. back in uganda we didn't vigil this morning the choir sang and danced in front of philadelphia school children. [cheers and applause] >> reporter: tonight they will play another show at 7: 7:30. >> kids come from poor families but they got so much hope in them for a better life. i hope people can see that. >> reporter: many of these children are also orphans. the goal of the choir is to raise awareness about the need of orphan children in africa and raise money for education programs on their home continent. >> i was a kid, if it wasn't for the choir i wouldn't be here. i wouldn't have got an education. >> reporter: these kids are just like most kids. they have their favorite subjects. >> english. >> math. >> math. >> reporter: but they also have a special mission, to help raise money to give children just like them an education in some of the neediest areas of africa. >> it's fun. it's fun. they are so

he's a fellow at harvard's berkman center for internet and annenberg medi ♪ sia stretches omoaimalayanoscd inanslan

and now i we are lucky the annenberg foundation put together something -- to bring local philanthropy in to align and support these public sectors. finally, i just want to add in this except that in this bill today that leadership is really critical. we had a fantastic met in hell a was a big believer in this approach who is in debating and restructuring at the state government level. not of this would've happened if the obama administration had not taken on what i think is a herculean challenge of getting federal agencies to collaborate to break down silos to better support place-based work in communities like a. honestly, i think it's a best kept secret of the last six years in d.c. we're just happy to be a part of it and happy to be here today. >> thank you so much. janet, i want to come to. would areas we've really seen pick up his latina entrepreneur should it has grown immensely over the last 15 years and we know from research that latinos actually more than -- how do we harness that energy as part of an economic agenda for the future? >> sure. it's a great question. latinos are

we are lucky the annenberg foundation has put together something called l.a. in sync to bring lowell philanthropy in. i want to add that leadership is really critical. we have a fantastic mayor in l.a. who is a big believer in this approach, who is innovating and restructuring at the city government level. none of this would have happened if the obama administration hadn't taken on what i think is a herculean challenge of getting federal agencies to collaborate, break down silos, to better support place base work in communities like l.a. i think it's the best kept secret of the last six years here in d.c. we are just so happy to be part of it and happy to be here today. neera tanden: thank you. janet, i want to come to you. one of the areas that we have really seen take off is latino entrepreneurship. that's grown immensely over the last 15 years. we know from research that latinos actually more than any want to stay in cities. how do you we harness that energy as part of an economic development agenda for the future? >> sure. it's great question. latinos are

captioning made possible by annenberg/cpb project captioning performed by the national captioning instituteer for visual history, inc. major funding for the voices &isions series is provideby... and... additional series funding is provided by... and... special funding for this program was provided by... and... for more information on the college telecourse, videocassettes off-air videotaping, and books based on the series, call 1-800-learner. isions... "what we call the beginning is often the end "and to make an end is to make a beginning. "the end is where we start from. "every phrase and every sentence "is an end and a beginning, every poem aepitaph." t.s. eliot--next time on voices & visions.

the annenberg foundation has put something together to bring local philanthropy and to associate these public sectors. the leadership is fantastic. we have a fantastic mayor in l.a., eric garcetti, who believes in this approach. and none of this would have happened if the obama administration had not taken on what i think is the herculean challenge of getting federal agencies to collaborate, to break down silos, to better support place-based work in communities like l.a. honestly i think it is the best kept secret of the last six years here in d.c. we are happy to be part of it and happy to be here today. moderator: excellent. shannon, i want to come to you. one of the areas we have seen pickup, latina outreach. how do we harness that energy as part of an economic agenda for the future? guest: sure. latinos are clearly entrepreneurial and we are punching above our weight -- there are more than 3 million hispanic home businesses in this country generating more than a trillion dollars into our economy and one of five every new entrepreneur is latino and has spanish women owned businesses