berttha coombs joins us with what drove the index to this level. hi, bertha. >> it's been an amazing ride tyler. 15 years ago, you had stocks that traded on the nasdaq with valuations that were sometimes 100 times or more what their earnings were, if they had profits at all. very different index right now. if you take a look at a number of these stocks some of the high flyers they now have valuations that are much closer to the closing market. the nasdaq 100, even if you have stocks like amazon and tesla, you still have other stocks that brought the nasdaq 100 pe down to 19. that compares to the s&p at 17. and really the biggest indicator is apple. apple, despite being the largest company emp by market valuation, trades at just 14 times its record-breaking earnings. pr. >> bertha thank you very much. bertha coombs at nasdaq. >>> bertha mentioned apple and it was a big part of the nasdaq's march back to 5,000. but other companies played a role as well. and dominic has that part of 89 story. >> a lot of investors didn't think we would get there. but