djohanna, help us understand this. johanna: a negative response to trauma, violence, for example, is to become violent. children who were abused are at a higher risk of becoming abusive later in life. similarly, we see that groups who have experienced depression of violence develop a mentality of revenge to defend themselves against future violence, so a cycle appears there is well. that is only one response to trauma. there is also a most -- a more positive for. some resilient individuals can go through positive changes after the experience of trauma. one of these positive re changes can be the idea that you want to prevent others from suffering in the way yourself or your group has in the past. for example, people who have experienced traumatic events are more likely to want to help victims of a natural disaster. in studies on police officers and mental health professionals who themselves had had asked -- had had adverse experiences they are assisting others now in their professions and are shown to thrive more in th