that was james monroe's campaign.he constitution needed amending, and therefore that is why he was running against madison. they had been friends, so it was a bit awkward. but it did not seem to change the friendship. they were able to restore their friendship. brian lamb: go on with his resume. david stewart: after congress he take the few years off. he leads in 1797 to go back to montpelier. he is in the virginia assembly for a year or two. then secretary of state for thomas jefferson. then he runs for president. when--wins two terms. then he was retired. brian lamb: how was -- how old was he when he went back to montpelier? david stewart: when he retired he was about 48. brian lamb: what did he do for the end of his life? david stewart: oh i'm sorry you mean for the end of his life. he was 68. 67 maybe. he really left rarely. brian lamb: how old was he when he died? david stewart: he died in 1836 at 85. he lived a very good and long life. it was ironic because he was always sickly. he turned out to be built for the

relationship he had with george washington, alexander hamilton, thomas jefferson, his wife, and james monroe. brian lamb: david stewart, your book, what was madison's gift? david stewart: it is a double meaning. his gift is the ability to form remarkable partnerships with the great people of his era. but it also alludes to his gift to the country of his talents and what he was able to do to help create the first self-sustaining constitutional republic. brian lamb: you were a clerk in the supreme court. on the circuit court of appeals. you are a clerk to davis babylon. what did you see when you were a clerk of madison's impact on the way that the courts operate? david stewart: and the courts of appeals, i didn't feel that i saw much. in the supreme court, and i was there a year of course, you are dealing with basic constitutional issues. you are always going back to the federalism. that is the most immediate impact that madison -- the constitution is not self-executing or self explaining. the federalist has had an enduring impact in terms of what did they really think they were doing, how did

here is a new president popping up, james monroe on this $100 silver certificate of 1878 through 1891. george washington appears the most on currency. he appears on 10 different types of large sized banknotes, five different denominations. then he appears on all of these fractional banknotes. washington was a very popular figure in this day and of course today on the one dollar bill. do we need to keep going here? loops -- oops. the portraits very quite a bit on the notes of this period. these are all portraits of alexander hamilton that appeared on different banknotes. this is probably the most familiar portrait. here are a couple of notes that are only a few years apart. he looks a lot more fleshy here than he did in this portrait. here is an entirely different view of him in the first issued banknote the 1861 demand note. here is a couple yet different engravings of alexander hamilton on other banknotes. this was fairly common practice to modify the portraits of it. you don't really see that in today's standardized currency. let's go over a number of these historical figures. some

you can see about a mile away, james monroe's tomb. you cannot do this today. that is what enables us to reach inside these images. look deeper. find the story. all right. nearby. the photographers went across the river. there are the apartment's -- abutments of the bridge. they took the shot which i love. look at these people. think about the week they have had. these are african-americans, probably former slaves. you think they were just sitting there, having a picnic when the photographer rolled up? this is completely put together. what is powerful about this. the photographers considered themselves not photographers like we consider ourselves. they are trying to show you something, but it is their art. we had to take them on their terms and understand this is not documentarian, this is art. the ruined bridge. the ironworks. see it back there? this is send you a message. who is out front now? he has definitely got a message here. reminding you this. this is the current issue. art. propaganda, sure. does that surprise you? i am ok with it. what we might consi

relationship he had with george washington, alexander hamilton, thomas jefferson, his wife, and james monroebrian lamb: david stewart, your book, what was madison's gift? david st

the monroe doctrine was written by john quincy adams, and it was james monroe as president telling europeans, don't mess with our hemisphere, or you're going to get america in-your-face. you know what the europeans thought? they laughed. what is america going to do to us? we had no big navy to defend the hemisphere. by 1904 with roosevelt's navy we tell them the roosevelt corollary is, we've got the navy now. it's a very big, militaristic foreign-policy approach, yet theodore roosevelt wins the nobel peace prize for mediating the russell japanese war. he was very enamored with the japanese culture, japanese people, the food art, but he brokered that and won a nobel peace prize. for somebody who talked a very militaristic game, from 1901 to 1909, we never went to war. he's a peacetime president and a nobel peace prize winner, but his name is associated with war because he fought in the spanish-american war, but mainly because he talked about building up our armed forces. he liked big navy and big forest , and he stuck by that principle. then the panama canal situation which we don't have time

. >> he could have asked his friend james monroe. >> yes, and hamilton was full of contempt for him because he didn't put his life on the line. that's what we do. jefferson in his inaugural address, which i think is the central document for understanding this philosophy, talks about how the united states has the strongest government on earth which is a remarkable thing for him to say at a time when there are 2,000 people in the army and there's no great government insight or out of sight. it doesn't exist. he thinks it has enormous strength, what he's talking about again -- so much of the enlightened vision has to do with potential, what will happen. it's the fact that the revolution is a great moment of the revolution, i think this is what grant is evoking. there's nothing stronger. nothing more powerful than a united people at war to preserve the things that matter most to them that would be their families, that's why apple pie, motherhood, all those things those images of why we fight -- those homely images, that's what makes us powerful. that's the vision that jefferson conjures up, and

steve mcqueen, marilyn monroe or james dean? the answer when we return. ing e.le as that. it's a natural source of fiber and five essential vitamins. try sunsweet amazin prune juice. also available in light. i am totally blind. and sometimes i struggle to sleep at night, and stay awake during the day. this is called non-24. learn more by calling 844-824-2424. or visit your24info.com. ...and tkind of like you huffing sometimes, grandpa. well, when you have copd, it can be hard to breathe. it can be hard to get air out, which can make it hard to get air in. so i talked to my doctor. she said.. doctor: symbicort could help you breathe better, starting within 5 minutes. symbicort doesn't replace a rescue inhaler for sudden symptoms. symbicort helps provide significant improvement of your lung function. symbicort is for copd, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. it should not be taken more than twice a day. symbicort contains formoterol. medicines like formoterol increase the risk of death from asthma problems. symbicort may increase your risk of lung infectio

relationship he had with george washington, alexander hamilton, thomas jefferson, his wife, and james monroe. brian lamb: david stewart, your book, what was madison's gift? david stewart: it is a double meaning. his gift is the ability to form remarkable partnerships with the great people of his era. but it also alludes to his gift to the country of his talents and what he was able to do to help create the first self-sustaining constitutional republic. brian lamb: you were a clerk in the supreme court. on the circuit court of appeals. you are a clerk to davis babylon. what did you see when you were a clerk of madison's impact on the way that the courts operate? david stewart: in the courts of appeals, i didn't feel that i saw much. in the supreme court, and i was there a year of course, you are dealing with basic constitutional issues. you are always going back to the federalism. that is the most immediate impact that madison -- the constitution is not self-executing or self explaining. the federalist has had an enduring impact in terms of what did they really think they were doing, how did

. >> we had montgomery clift, marlon brando james dean, paul newman marilyn monroe.-dropping. >> reporter: he didn't seem a likely candidate. his audition, disaster. >> they said, nope don't want you. >> yeah, they usually do that, by the way. because they want to see sometimes if you have incentive. >> reporter: after several nominations, pacino finally won the academy award's best actor in "scent of a woman." this deliciously gifted actor, a near-mythic figure to fans and peers, is surprisingly small in stature. >> they said you know you're shorter than i thought. the other person said, i didn't say that. he said you should see him when he's standing on his awards. can you imagine that? >> brag and you can back it up. >> reporter: oscar, tony two emmy awards, al pacino simply sees himself as a working man who happens to act. >> why so busy still? >> i have young kids. >> kids got to eat. >> got to eat, the kids got to eat. >> as a survivor you make everything work. >> hm, survivor. >> i am that. >> survivor got to love that. it was american actor, teacher, and dire