if particles were injected into the sky above the clouds, stratospheric aerosols would block and reflect sunlight, spreading around the world. a calibrated process could lower global temperatures 10 degrees farenheit, enough to keep ice shelves intact and water levels from rising. lynn russell is a nature lover and spends much time off the water off the coast of california, on scientific vessels, studying different types of particles and the scientific impact. >> trying to understand how many waves break, how many bubbles and particles form gives us the ability to understand how much we change the particles in the air by adding solutions. >> reporter: to illustrate how albedo modification works, she create ozone conditions in two flasks, she put citrus peels that release particles. >> when you see the red beam, more short-wave light is being reflected back, and so out in the other flask you don't see anything at all, there's not enough particles to reflect light. that happened naturally. in 1991 when a volcano erupted covering much of the land in ash, it ejected tonnes of carbon dioxide

>> nothing like good stratosphere o son to protect us from the harmful uv rays, good job guys, getting the answer correctment we check out 95 again looking at academy, southbound the taillights. again, smooth sailing, again all of the rain to the farther south, across southern delaware, we take to you radnor, where we do have accident, king of prussia road closed between madison ford road and radnor chester road. lancaster avenue to get around that closure and again ongoing project bridge repair route 23, valley forge road remains closed, and this will go until late 2015. this is between moore hall drive and mcvoy lane, pretty big deal there. weekend power project going on for the manayunk norristown regional rail lines, so check for adjusted schedules, these trains running later both saturday, sunday, then sunday septa bus detours because of the broad street run that will be detoured between sunday eight a.m. and noontime. that's a look at your ride. ukee we send over to you. >> words is daily show host john stewart is buying the farm. literally. and it is in new jersey. >> john stewa

he helped launch broadband balloons to connect to the internet through the stratosphere.ebastian thrun is on to his greatest ambition yet, democratizing a higher education, by sharing knowledge with people that can't afford it, via the internet. joining me on "studio 1.0," inventor, professor, and founder, sebastian thrun.

it ejected tonnes of carbon dioxide into the stratosphere. global temperatures drop by a degree. flames could be used to pump the skies full of particles. >> cooling the earth requires a few people with a few billion, which is why it's interesting and dangerous. >> the effects are not uniform. they are people that stand to lose. there are governments, corporations, individuals who stand to gain. therefore not everyone's interests are aligned. >> take southern california, it's historic drought may get worse without intervention. >> if the worst case scenario happens and we continue along the path of climate change, how will this change? >> drier. >> away from the mountains, severe pain is likely to be felt in developing economies. the likely scenario is in which india or china or other countries have crop failures due to heat stress, and they need to deploy an engineering scheme to cool the planet quickly. it would cool the planet's average temperatures, some reaches, some countries could get hotter. that's why dr russell says geo-engineering research must be done now. if for no o

featuring an epic battle with google, drones, lasers, and stratospheric hot air balloons, all to bringhe internet to the farthest corners of the earth. with billions of new users in the process. our guest today on this special edition of "studio 1.0" is facebook founder and ceo mark zuckerberg. emily: first of all, you are a year and a half into this. tell me your vision. tell me what inspired you to do this. mark: when people are connected, we can just do some great things. we have the opportunity to get access to jobs, education, health, new kinds of communication. we bring people that we care about closer to us. it makes a big difference. the internet is how we connect to the modern world. today, unfortunately, only one third of people have any access to the internet at all. that is round 2.7 billion people. that means two thirds of people in the world don't have access to the internet -- that seems really off to me. they're all of these studies that show in developing countries, more than 20% of gdp growth is driven by the internet. if we connected one billion more people to the in

a cubic mile, tons of ash, rock and ice were rocketed into the stratosphere. the cloud reached nearly 14 miles into the sky. >> 150 years ago, on may 23 and 24 of 1865, two military processions in washington, d.c. called the grand review of the armies drew thousands of spectators to pennsylvania avenue. president andrew johnson cabinet and government officials and general ulysses s. grant watched from this reviewing stand in front of the white house. on may 23rd, an estimated 80,000 soldiers of the army of the potomac led by general meade took about six hours to pass before the reviewing stand. on may 24th general william t. sherman led 65,000 soldiers of the army of tennessee and army of georgia on the same route. up next on american artifacts a re-enactment of the parade that celebrated the end of the civil war. [snare drums rattling] >> shoulder. arms. >> my name is dr. malcolm beech and i'm president of the united states colored troops living history association and i'm from north carolina. today we're having a re-enactment called the grand review parade.

featuring an epic battle with google, drones, lasers, and stratospheric hot air balloons, to bring thenet to the

a cubic mile tons of ash rock and ice were rocketed into the stratosphere. the cloud reached nearly 14 miles into the sky. >> you're watching american history tv, all weekend every weekend on c-span 3. to join the conversation, like us on facebook at c-span history. >>> 150 years ago, on may 23rd and 24th of 1865 two military processions in washington, d.c. called the grand review of the armies drew thousands of spectators to pennsylvania avenue. president andrew johnson, cabinet and government officials and general ulysses s. grant watched from this reviewing stand in front of the white house. on may 23rd an estimated 80,000 soldiers of the army of the potomac led by general meade took about six hours to pass before the reviewing stand. on may 24th general william t. sherman led 65,000 soldiers of the army of tennessee and army of georgia on the same route. up next on american artifacts a re-enactment of the parade that celebrated the end of the civil war. >> shoulder. arms. >> my name is dr. malcolm beech and i'm president of the united states colored troo

broadband balloons to connect the internet in the stratosphere. now, thrun is on to his greatest ambition yet, democratizing a higher education, by sharing knowledge with people that can't afford it via the internet. joining me on "studio 1.0," inventor, professor, and founder, sebastian thrun. thank you so much for joining us. i thought we could start our interview wearing google glass because you have been a big part of it. how often do you wear these? sebastian: mostly outdoors, out and about. with my kids. when i go bicycling and hiking. i love having it with me. emily: what is the most surprising thing you have done wearing google glass? sebastian: you know, i had this ambition to make a device that you can wear all day. in every situation. and, it is, for me, it is awkward in a personal conversation. this is something that excites me much more when i'm out and about. emily: there is a stigma against wearing google glass. there is a word for it called "glasshole." sebastian: i think it is a new technology, and i remember there used to be a ti

the stratospheric ozone layer protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet rays, but ground-level ozone in the troposphere is highly reactive and can cause irritation of the respiratory system, permanently scarring lung tissue. kolb: ozone is a very powerful oxidant. it can kind of bleach the cells in your body and can create a lot of serious problems, both to people to other animals, and to plants. narrator: the main precursors in creating ozone are nitrogen oxides, emitted from vehicles and other combustion sources and hydrocarbons the result of combustion other industrial processes and vegetation. when these pollutants interact in the presence of sunlight, they produce ground-level ozone. sunlight causes nitrogen dioxide, no2, to separate into nitric oxide, "no," and an oxygen atom. the oxygen atom adds to naturally occurring molecular oxygen, or o2, to create ozone. but this is just the first step in a chain reaction of ozone production. the remaining nitric oxide reacts with unstable molecules that are products of hydrocarbons oxidizing in the atmosphere, recreating nitrogen dioxid

. >> most of us know that gas prices are in the stratosphere. so are carbon monoxide emissions. by going green, you can save money and freshen the air. make it a family project to figure out how to use one less gallon of gas every week. experts say if every family did that, greenhouse gases could be reduced by a million tons. >> before you drop that dollar in the school vending machine, check out my story. your favorite snacks could be hurting the environment. >> foods you probably eat every day are threatening the lives of animals like orangutans and tigers. alexa reports on how some students are fighting back. >> these are teens with a mission. they're working to save the rainforests in indonesia and malaysia and the endangered animals that live there. we really need to take a big part in helping our environment. >> this became their battleground. they fought to remove some snacks from their school vending machine. but it wasn't easy. >> the biggest challenge i faced was other students and teachers liking the products in the vending machines that we were taking out, and they d

featuring an epic battle with google, drones, lasers, and stratospheric hot air balloons to bring the internet to the farthest corners of the earth. and win billions of new users in the process. our guest today on this special edition of "studio 1.0" is facebook founder and ceo mark zuckerberg. so first of all, you are a year and a half into this now. tell me your vision. and tell me what inspired you to do this. mark: when people are connected, we can just do some great things. we have the opportunity to get access to jobs, education, health, new kinds of communication. we bring people that we care about closer to us. it really makes a big difference. and the internet is how we connect to the modern world. but today, unfortunately world-wide, only a little more than 1/3 of people have any access to the internet at all. it's around 2.7 billion people. and that means that 2/3 of people don't have any access to the internet. so that seems really off to me. you know, they're all of these studies that show that in developing countries, more than 20% of gdp growth is driven by the internet

featuring an epic battle with google, drones, lasers, and stratospheric hot air balloons, to bring thearthest corners of the h

a cubic mile tons of ash, rock and ice were rocketed into the stratosphere. the cloud reached nearly 14 miles into the sky. the view was spectacular. but the wind was blowing in a northeasterly direction. and from that point of view the clouds seemed like the end of the world. skies grew dark. it was pitch black in most of eastern washington. >> everyone to not panic. >> if you want to get out water supplies now. >> the road is closed from here any further east. this is as far east as you can go. >> those who could move, however, moved quickly. the 304th aerospace rescue and recovery squadron from the air base was called in to find geologist david johnston 6 miles northwest of the mountain. he was never found. >> as most of you already know. we had a major eruption occurring at 8:32 this morning on mt. st. helens. the first report we got about the eruption was from personnel that were administering a tree planting contract and reported over the radio to us that an eruption was occurring and 100 times greater than one we had in the past. it does appear that th

featuring an epic battle with google, drones, lasers, and stratospheric hot air

there aren't many comparisons to south korea's stratospheric rise over the last decade.oday it claims one of the world's fastest growing economies. the government has been extremely shrewd and forward thinking about selling the world all things korean, underwriting, encouraging, financing and supporting the export of intangibles, things like music, movies, tv shows, food, the whole korean sensibility, and the world is responding, learning to love what koreans have always loved. the heart of korea is seoul, capital city, a bustling metropolis. futuristic in look and character. population 25 million. >> look at that. they've got a selfie stick. everybody is taking pictures of their food. i feel right at home. in october 2014 i went back to korea. this is what i saw. this makes me so happy. the kimchee. make room for the noodles. oh, that's good. should be no surprise that i'm in a happy place now. oh, yeah. first night back. right to the market. bunch of unrecognizable and invariably and inevitably delicious food. good to be back, man, good to be back. ♪ ♪ >>> on this epis

the stratosphere cooling off the coast in san francisco today. as the marine layer deepens a little bit more, come tomorrow we'll see the temperatures cooling off a little bit more as we get into saturday and sunday. lunchtime 70s and 80s inland. not much warming for the rest of the day around san francisco. you can see a es closer look at the high temperatures. san francisco beginning to cool down. for the north bay highs from the 70s to low 80s. pleasanton 80. livermore hot towards the tri-valley. here is the weather trend for the weekend. notice the temperatures cooling off. san jose back into the 70s. we should hold that through monday and tuesday of now into the month of may. this is the time of year where the rainfall begins to drop off for places like san jose. you can see the numbers there for the entire month, less than .5-inch of rain is what we expect. sure enough nothing really for the weekend other than some sierra showers. possibly by next thursday a cooler pattern with a trough moving in may be the only chance we see in the next se

a cubic mile, tons of ash, rock, and ice were rocketed into the stratosphere. the cloud reached nearly 14 miles into the sky. >> in 1940 5, 70 years ago, allied forces liberated not to concentration camps. for the next several weeks on american history tv, we hear holocaust stories from those who live them. these interviews are part of the world history collection at the united states holocaust memorial museum in washington d.c. up next, mayer adler talks about being deported to

. >> the potential is in the stratosphere but there are problems. one of the biggest problems for cuba with its infrastructure, with its existing infrastructure, to cope with that kind of an onslaught of tourists. it can't. >> goldman says the airports can't hold large commercial planes. hotel rooms are scarce, and there's practically no internet. some accommodations are under way. seven story hotel in old havana and airbnb. but the new owner of this home has converted it into a rental property mostly for western tourists who can access the entire place using access like airbnb. >> what's interesting for tourists is, here in this house they get a personalized experience compared to the large chain hotels. plus this home has a higher comfort level than some of the private homes. >> while there is a sense of cautious optimism. >> chain brands that will come in whether the old cars roaming the streets will still remain, i think it's going to be a completely different experience in five years' time. >> but with diplomatic efforts still in their infancy

the them into the stratosphere along with something called the dark horse.cott joining us in a first in a fox business interview. ♪ ♪ liz: breaking news. under attack, true car stock is getting hit by more than 8%. dropping right now not 8%. seven and three-quarters percent. down a dollar 13. what's going on? dealers in california have filed a lawsuit against the car shopping firm. alleging that the online service which, by all accounts, helps you the consumer is acting like a dealer, but operating without a license. the california new car dealership association charges that true car is breaking state laws pertaining to dealer licensing. sounds a lot like what happened to tesla. the 12-page lawsuit is filed in the la superior court. a spokesperson for true car says they have not received a copy of the lawsuit. cannot comment on it. you can't put the genie back in the bottle. when you come up with something like true car that helps consumers and they love it, we'll see what happens. time for a stock alert. five of the biggest banks in the world have to write

down for a day because they feel threatened by criminal >>> a 3d model of pacman soared into the stratosphere part of a stunt for an upcoming music. it marked the classic arcade's game 36th anniversary. the character was equipped with a go pro camera and was attached to a helium balloon. sequels became on institution >>> machines gobbled up billions of dollars of quarters. this was a report on the background and impact. >> reporter: in 1980 the video games world was dominated by games like this "space invaders", aimed mainly at boys would played them in video arcades. that was until this man set out to design a game to appeal to women. he was eating a pizza and two prices in the idea of pacman occurred to him. the name was pacuman from the sound your mouth makes when you open and close quickly. it later became pacman and became a hit. 350,000 machines like this was sold in the first 18 months and they pulled in 2.5 billion in revenue. >> this was the first game that had artificial intelligence hunting you down. there was a lot of experimenty, music, beautiful colours, a yellow character blink

. >> i am up there in the stratosphere. but abc told me that he is in violation of the policies but it is oh case it was an honest mistake we forgive him because he apologized but by the way clinton foundation does good work and many media companies including the sister company of fox have given major donations but they are not george stephanopolis former clinton aide who has the problem. >> he cares about aids in africa. there are other less --. >> any other charity? >> other important thing is the timing. the timing of the donations 2012 2013, 2014, as hillary clinton is charging up the campaign and as he said on jon stewart, if you are giving that money, are you expecting some access? >> but the conservative website got this school, did the responsible thing and called abc for comment and rather than commenting they cooperated with "politico". what message does that send to other news outlets of whether you throw it online or dot right thing first and ask for comment? >> they were clearly cherrypicking outlets and again,

boy, this accident is going to kick that discussion into the stratosphere. >> yeah it has.appen at the end of this year. professor, thank you so much for your expertise. i really appreciate you. >> thank you. >>> coming up next boston. the jurors in that boston bomber trial now deciding whether to sentence the convicted terrorist to death. what we learned today, they september a note to the judge. they have a question. what they asked, next. wow. sweet new subaru, huh mitch? yep. you're selling the mitchmobile!? man, we had a lot of good times in this baby. what's your dad want for it? ..like a hundred and fifty grand, two hundred if they want that tape deck. you're not going to tell your dad about the time my hamster had babies in the backseat, are you?! that's just normal wear and tear, dude. (vo) subaru has the highest resale value of any brand... ...according to kelley blue book ...and mitch. love. it's what makes a subaru a subaru. [ male announcer ] after john huntsman was diagnosed with cancer, he founded huntsman cancer institute. to fight cancer in new and differen

the campaign lurch is really to the stratosphere. of this drew the ire of security hawks, including john mccain who said of the filibuster, i'm sure it's a great revenue raiser. the e-mails are out now and they were out in the 11-hour performance a couple days ago. paul's filibuster also elicited this eye-roll from senator lindsey graham. this morning, senator paul defended himself. >> i think that's an unfair characterization. i think most people who know me and have watched my career would say that if anything i'm very sincere about this issue. i'm proud of the fight and so i think there will always be naysayer and people who want to snatch at you for different reasons. >> so it's not about selling books? >> no i think it's really about to me the bill of rights. >> joining me now is editor-in-chief of "reason" matt welch, eric bates, and david corn. okay matt. so is this in some way shady or unethical to be fundraising off of a filibuster as rand paul did? >> hell, no. if this is the result of cynical fundraising, can we have more

. >> i'm up in the stratosphere with stephanopoulos. but, you know, abc told me that he is in violations of his policies but, it's okay it's just an honest mistake, we forgive him because he apologized. by the way, the clinton foundation does some good work around the world. many media companies, including news corp., have given major donations, but they're not george stephanopoulos former clinton aide who has this problem. >> you know if you wanted he cares about aids in africa. there are lots of other less -- >> any other charity in the world. >> -- other charities. and the other important thing is timing of these donations, 2012 2013 2014 as hillary's revving up her campaign. and as he said on -- to jon stewart, if you're giving that money, are you expecting some access -- >> right, right. >> but let me talk about the way the story broke. the washington free beacon got this scoop, called abc for comment, and rather than commenting abc cooperated with politico in hopes of getting a more sympathetic story. what message did that send to

and only got more expensive as the stock rocketed into the stratosphere.t was supposed to price between $13 and $15. but the actual deal came at $16. of course, if you got in on the deal, you immediately made a fortune. as the stock surged 148% yeah that day to close at $39.80. wow. at that moment it seemed like one of the hottest ipos of the year and it was much lotted everywhere. but it was all downhill from there. a week later, stock was at 29 bucks, two weeks later, back to 21. six weeks later, fallen below the $16 level. trading at just $14 and change. now, for a while, it was able to hold its own in the low to mid-teens, but it started to collapse. shares ultimately bottoming at just 6 bucks. 6 bucks and change. if the hideous quarter the company reported mid february. since then, they've been able to rebound somewhat trading back to $8.85 as of today. but to put that in perspective, if you got in on the ipo, you're now down more than 44%. and if you bought castlight into the initial frenzy as so many did when it spiked up to close at $40, you're dow

. >> but once it reaches the stratosphere, everything levels out. >> we were shooting from about 80,000 as high as a plane. three times as high as a plane. >> according to his iphone, the craft peaks at 100,000 feet or nearly 19 miles above the earth on its 95-minute voyage. >> at the very end, the balloon is stretched to its absolute maximum capacity. it was about 22 feet in diameter. it's enormous. a little craft below it. >> it got like that big. because the pressure lightens as you get up. there isn't a lot of oxygen. and the air is very thin. >> the pressure of the helium greater than the surrounding air pressure. so it continues to expand until finally the balloon pops and the craft comes plummeting back to earth at more than 100 miles an hour. >> so the parachute deploys maybe 30 seconds after the balloon bursts. it doesn't do anything until it gets to heavier air. >> at one point, it rocked head over heels. even though it didn't have head or heels. it was just like that. it was pretty amazing because there's a lot of reasons it wouldn't work. >> i've shot a lot of things, and th

more recently i was building up google x, and we did all kinds of things like balloons in the stratosphere, to contact lenses to detect plug sugar, learning smart things. and then we put this palace out on artificial intelligence at stanford a few years ago. i happened to teach on the side still. we put this e-mail out saying you could take this class for free. we had a 160,000 students sign up. with all these machines that eventually replace people, who really cares about the people as opposed to the machines? i felt education is the thing. you can make machines smarter and they are going to take over the jobs of people, but no one is going to be making people smarter. to the present day i have been influenced by a moment. it may not be as obvious to anybody in the audience, but it was a moment where i was an artificial intelligence guy, making machines smart. but i care about people and not machines. why not go back and do something for the many people who need jobs? >> excellent. >> have you had a moment like that? >> gosh, i have had a lot of moments like that. the most satisfying mome

. >> ifill: the ever growing cost of political warfare is now reaching into the stratosphere, with the 2016 election on track to possibly double the roughly $2 billion spent in 2012. part of the reason for all that spending has been the rise of millionaire and billionaire political activists on both sides of the political aisle. in the past we have looked at the koch brothers, who have pledged nearly a billion dollars to republican and conservative causes this cycle. on the left, there is billionaire tom steyer, who has pledged millions on the issue of climate change. and tom steyer joins me now. welcome to the newshour. >> nice to see you, gwen. >> ifill: you spent, they say, $70 million in the 2014 midterm elections. is money the key to the 2016 elections? >> i sure hope not because from what i can tell the democrats have a very good chance of being out-spent. i think the key to the election is going to be imagine and candidate the-- message and candidate the way it usually is. if the message is significant and meaningful to voters and if the candidate connects as an authentic person

. >> the potential is in the stratosphere but there are problems. one of the biggest problems for cuba with its infrastructure and with its existing infrastructure to cope with that onslaught of tourists. it can't. >> goldman says the airports can't handle large commercial planes. hotel rooms are scarce and there's practically no internet. prepares are underway, french contractors are building a hotel in havana. air b.&b has listed properties exclusively for americans. >> buildings typically have multiple families, but the new owner of this home converted it into a rental property, mostly for western tourists who can access the place using websites. >> what's interesting for tourists is here in this house they get a personalized experience compared to the large chain hotels. what's more, this house is a higher comfort level than some of the other private homes. >> while there is a sense of cautious optimism here, even some western tourists have reservations about what impact american influence can have on the change. >> it's going to change unrecogn

a cubic mile, tons of ash, rock, and ice were rocketed into the stratosphere. the cloud reached nearly 14 miles into the sky. >> in 1940 5, 70 years ago, allied forces liberated not to concentration camps. for the next several weeks on american history tv, we hear holocaust stories from those who live them. these interviews are part of the world history collection at the united states holocaust memorial museum in washington d.c. up next, mayer adler talks about being deported to auschwitz it their separation and his later transferred to a labor concentration camp. he remembers liberation and returning to his childhood home researched unsuccessfully for any of his immediate relatives. this oral history is almost 90 minutes. >> tell me where you were born and when? adler: czechoslovakia, october 6, 1929. >> will be something about your family and your life before the war. adler: we were what i would describe as a typical jewish family in a small town. i had two younger brothers, and my parents. a lot of monson uncles and cousins. -- aunts and uncles and cousins.