dr. carlos salomon. he is an associate professor of ethnic studies at cal state east bay. he works on borderland studies and such. in the biography of pio pico, it is a pioneering work that presents him as not a victim but as a historical agent that navigated the history of california with great resourcefulness. this portrait of pico challenges the paradigm of the decline of the californios, there which that experience has often been connected drawing a , connection between the struggles of mexican americans in the 20th century. his portrait also challenges the images of many of us have of california. like many other early mexican settlers, pio pico was of african descent. the second non-native settler was also of african ancestry. this is a fact that continues to surprise our guest. they were not aware of the early african roots in california. this is an aspect of our history that is worthy of much greater interest and exploration. i am honored and pleased that the doctor was there with it today. stay with us after to chat and buy a copy of his wonderful book. also, i can