is what does the white house need the most? and he told her a white house china service for 200 people. that's what she went about doing and i used the line just say no program on drugs. mrs. barbara bush, her promotion of childhood literacy and literacy for adults increased support for the white house committee for preservation of the white house and the redecoration efforts throughouti the executive residence and establishing the white house endowment fund, a $25 million fund so that private funds are available to keep the public rooms of the white house the way you see them when you go and visit.closed and certainly mrs. clinton was a major supporter of that effort and closed out that effort. thor $20 million endowment which is handled c by the white house historical association. and mrs. clinton expanded on that idea and people who wanted to give money for specific acqu purposes, now there is a white house major acquisitions trust.n so that when major paintings or if there's a piece of furniture, people can give money for a

evacuation of the white house. you could tell from the way that they were -- the secret service was first trying to make sure that any foreign nationals that had been in the building were out and escorted out to the street, and just from their general behavior, that there was something more to this story than a usual fence-jumper. >> how were you able -- you put something on the wire before midnight that night. how were you able to confirm something enough to start the wire reporting? >> the first report i came came from a uniformed secret service agent who was not really supposed to be talking to the press but was in this fray of people running around and basically told us there was somebody that hopped the fence and that's what we're dealing with. so from my phone i filed a quick story that hit the wire around 8:00, 8:30 about that situation. but the secret service really went on lockdown. they wouldn't talk to anyone. they told us they were scramb scrambling people to come down to their headquarters to start deal

more prominent for his activities after he left the white house. a two-term president who faced down the evil empire. a president who won awar and ino lost his re-election bid. a president impeached and remain in office. and one of the most closely contested presidential elections in our nation's history, that permitted me to serve the son of a president that i had previously served. the chief usher is appointed by and works directly for the ho president of the united states and is head of the staff of the executive residence at the white house. i was accountable to the president and the first lady, for the activities that took place in the white house and on its grounds.e my primary charge was to carry out their desires as they relats to three main functions. first and foremost, the executive residence is the homew of the president and his familyt and as such is a place where their privacy is guarded with vigor by those who work there.rc second, it is the site of th in officialth and ceremonial activities of the presidency, both in the house and on

i didn't know who they were when i was in the white house. he break-in occurred, i said, oh, no, because i knew at once instinctively it was our guys. >> g. gordon liddy, ex-fbi, ex-treasury, ex-justice, ex-white house consultant, and e. howard hunt jr., ex-cia, ex-pay of bigs consultant. >> they thought they were james blond. we didn't think they measured up. it was closer to the typical gang that couldn't shoot straight. >> earl silva read the names of 60 government witnesses. the list included only one low ranking white house lawyer and several former employees to re-elect the president. >> if you don't know richard nixon's psychology, you don't know his background, you could never understand why the white house reacted to watergate the way it does. >> from day one, there was a great sense that we were under siege. and we were not deceiving ourselves that the press did not like us. both houses of congress did not like nixon. i mean, that is the truth. and the question is how you deal with it. >> he tries to build a little like mafiosa group

susan swain: -- in the white house history. -- edith mayo: and the campaign benjamin harrison's campaign was all about little tippecanoe or young tippecanoe. william seale: you saw the log cabin in the picture. edith mayo: right, and that had been his grandfather's campaign slogan. and also, there was something about he's -- you know, he fits his grandfather's hat, so you saw lots of hats as a, you know, campaign device during harrison's campaign. susan swain: gary robinson asks on twitter, did caroline's interest in history and the presidency fuel desires for her to be the dar -- that's the daughters of the american republic -- president or vice versa? now, to answer that question it's interesting that she took on the role as the president general of the dar. william seale: now, there's a story there. susan swain: i thought there would be. william seale: the dar is always misunderstood. the dar was founded by working women who were supporting themselves, their children perhaps whatever. there were four major ones and many othe

breaks a lot of news at the n. white house. she does domestic, foreign, we t chase her all the time. it's great to have her perspective on this panel, too.e immediately to my left is josh lederman. jim avila works for abc news, my old colleague from chicago. he now covers white house for a abc. scott horsely white house correspondent. peter baker correspondentve for "new york times" and, of course, carol lee. let's give them a hand. >> i really love the range of winners we have this year, ethe because when you put this group of four people together and looa at the way they've covered the beat, they really show a diverse approach to covering the white house.excell and each has excelled in a distinct way of doing their job. i want to start with josh yo lederman who does classic beat reporting on the secret service has everybody heard of the fence jumper. you ever heard of the fence jumperfo? that's someone who climbs the fence and typically gets tackled before they make it over but one night that was not the case.som and josh lede

mamie loved to entertain at the white house. the eisenhowers entertained a record number of heads of state. even the president had to get her approval if he wanted to use any of the rooms of the mansion, because she controlled the schedule. they hosted -- or mamie hosted the first white house performance of musical theater music. selections from hit shows then on broadway. that was one of her favorites. then there was another side of mamie. when the president had his heart attack in 1955, she took charge. she took over the flow of work to the president. everything had to go through her to be reviewed. visitors, meetings. she limited his schedule based on medical advice. she strictly managed his diet. she played a similar role when he had an operation in 1956, and then in 1957, he had a mild stroke. he was supposed to attend a state dinner, and she wouldn't let him do it. she convinced vice president nixon he had to attend in his place. because of the president's health issues, his heart issues, mamie became very aware of heart di

the cherry trees, classical music in the white house, and generally trying to make washington a cold tro city of the nation. that was her ambition. it did not work out. she has an agenda that would have made her rank with eleanor roosevelt in terms of transforming washington. >> she also seemed to have an agenda to get her husband to the white house. >> the story is that she decided during the haze and ministration -- she said she wanted to do that as well. there are a lot of women -- sometimes, she is portrayed as a cross between mommy dearest and lady macbeth, which is not the case. she was a much more constructive influence and a nicer lady. >> helen taft has an interesting story. we bet many of you will be hearing it for the first time. he would like to involve even our conversation. you can send us comments on facebook. you can also send us a tweet using the #first ladies. we will get to your calls in a few minutes. first, we will tell you about her early biography. how does she get to the white house at age 16? her father in cincinnati where friends with president rutherford b.

c-span produced the series with the white house historical association. conversations with experts, video tours of historic sites, and questions from c-span's audience. we tell the stories of americans 45 for sleeve. now, edith roosevelt on "first ladies: influence an image." >> that was edith roosevelt, speaking in new york city 20 years after she left the white house. she was the matriarch to a rambunctious family and her husband, theodore roosevelt, was as outgoing as she was private. she was the groundbreaking manager of the white house, overseeing a major renovation that added a west wing, separating the family quarters from the president's office is for the first time. good evening and welcome to c-span's series, "first ladies." edith roosevelt will usher in season two of the series and the 20th century. we have two historians who know the roosevelts well. meet kathleen dalton. she is the author of "theodore roosevelt: a strenuous life." and stacey cordery is the author of a biography of alice roosevelt. welcome, the both of you. the 1900 election. i

she was very close to her during the white house years. they had a will the of dogs, particularly, and some cats. tragedy for the hoovers was not death of a child or death of a spouse, but the older of their two sons, herbert hoover jr., who came to be known as pete by the family, contracted th eed e tuberculosis. no cure. second of all, we left track of how severe and prevalent that illness was in a lot of different parts of the country. lou, in her typical take charge, i got this sort of frame of mind, collects information on all the different potential sanitariums where pete with cca. they have tons of letters from well-meaning people telling them how this can be cured. she eventually settles on the sanitarium in ashville, north carolina. they arrange for pete to go there. they thought about having him at the camp that lou and bert had built in the mountains, but they decided that pete really -- it was very inaccessible do they decided he needed to be where there was more attentive care and somewhere it was easily accessible. pete's wife

there was a faux pas on the part of the white house. i was told after the fact that i should have been grateful. i really don't think. >> but you were sitting with other black reporters? >> yes i was sitting with other black reporters but i am a white house house correspondent and an american journalist. it was so odd because even my colleagues were on the other side of the room saying what's going on. president bush even noticed. >> during the news conference he said why are you sitting over there. are you trying to get a question? >> i said i was placed here. he even acknowledged it at least three times during the press conference. he even tried conference. he even tried to put me off so that the african president would call on me and he did. it was a faux pas and even the chief of staff at the time said it was a bad move. it was a bad move. >> do you think presidents regarded you differently than other reporters because you are black, because you represented a specialty media or because you are a woman? did it in some ways work to you

sheep and open up the white house. what was the public reaction? kathrine sibley: it was so positive. in fact, they already knew this was going to happen. they had heard about this during the campaign. people were excited, they said speed, speed the day, right, when florence comes into office and of warren, too, of course. this is going to open things up. kathrine sibley: but i mention them together because even the new york times talked about there will be four shoulders coming in, there was a sense that they would be sharing the burden and yes, this opening of the white house was an absolutely a refreshing moment. people now could come on to the lawn. the handshaking that we saw on the earlier video is happening every day that they are there. most days, if she's up to it, he's out there shaking hands, hand after hand. david pietrusza: yes, there's a story about those sheep that she is walking by the white house when warren is still a senator and wilson is in the white house and the sheep are there and she sees the she

and she says to the white house gardener, "let's recreate the rose section of this garden at the white house." because ellen wilson could look out of her bedroom window in the prospect mansion, she could look right down and see the flowers all day and similarly, she wanted the president of the united states to be able to see roses when he looked out at his window in the white house. and, of course, this becomes the famous rose garden at the white house. ellen tragically doesn't live to see the rose garden completed, however. she's dying in the summer of 1914. she's wheeled out into the space outside in a wheel chair and she watches as the gardener works, but she doesn't live to see the completion of this vision she had for roses blooming at the white house. and that's the vision that really begins here at prospect garden in princeton. ms. swain: so ellen wilson who didn't live to see it brought us the rose garden, which has really become part of our national lexicon, so often presidential events are held in the rose garden. here again is the photograph of what it look like during the w

is what does the white house need the most? and he told her a white house china service for 200 people. that's what she went about doing and i used the line just say no program on drugs. mrs. barbara bush, her promotion of childhood literacy and literacy for adults increased support for the white house committee for preservation of the white house and the redecoration efforts throughouti the executive residence and establishing the white house endowment fund, a $25 million fund so that private funds are available to keep the public rooms of the white house the way you see them when you go and visit.closed and certainly mrs. clinton was a major supporter of that effort and closed out that effort. thor $20 million endowment which is handled c by the white house historical association. and mrs. clinton expanded on that idea and people who wanted to give money for specific acqu purposes, now there is a white house major acquisitions trust.n so that when major paintings or if there's a piece of furniture, people can give money for a

harding into the white house. so can you please talk about the campaign a little bit and how at a time when women were not supposed to be out in front, and they weren't, mrs. harding, was it true that she rather knew women would kind of be instrume instrumental in putting her husband in the white house? is that safe to say? >> i think it is safe to say. to make a note, all three of these women were tied in the same administration. mrs. hoover, of course the wife of herbert hoover, he is the setting of commerce in the harding administration. so is all three knew each other and were linked in the harding administration. mrs. harding of course is reluctantly put in the place of campaigning for her husband, so she says. okay. she is not enthused about him running for president at first. once he decides to throw his hat in the ring, she's in 110%. and she really demonstrated that through the campaign. she was comfortable with the press. because she considered herself to be a newspaper woman. she wasn't a writer for the

the congress allocated dollars to the white house to put this event on. this year the congress didn't do that. and so the white house was faced with whatever budget they could come up with themselves. at that point aarp stepped in to work with the white house on some financial support. and it was determined than instead of bringing many, many people to -- so instead of bringing many people to washington, d.c., they would have five regional forums throughout the country. and then they would invite people from surrounding states to attend those. so the folks in california were invited to one in arizona, for example. those were very well attended. i k

she hosted helen keller at the white house. she and her husband have the thrill of reading charles linworth when he came back from europe. calvin sent a destroyer to pick him up. i thought that was wonderful. and also the coolidges had introduced the morrows and the lindbergs. we know what came out of that was a marriage. and they were very happy about that. in terms of the press, grace did not try to cultivate any kind of press relations. she did allow them to photograph her. she did say to the press, leave my boys alone. the children of the first family, and we have seen that continually, should be left alone. but she was happy to pose at 12:00 noon on the steps, take questions, and pose with people who wanted to visit her. and she said she was the national hugger. she wanted to hug everybody. just as calvin would say jokes and be a little more remote, she wanted to be the warm one. and that came across. her radiance came across. and i think the nation did appreciate that. >> and what about the press lady herself? >> well, i t

the actions of white southerners during the civil war and under presidential reconstruction convinced most republican congressman black patriots made better citizens than white traitors. as one republican put it, loyal men of whatever color have more right to the ballot than disloyal men. even republicans doubtful of the merits of black suffrage expressed this opinion. for example, one republican said, i am not sure. i am not sure black men are ready for the vote. but i know, i am positive, white men are not ready for the vote. this kind of goes against your point. they did not believe former confederates would recognize the freedom of these african-american men and women. they thought they therefore temporarily needed to be disfranchised. otherwise, they would be put back in a position of subordination. they saw that with the black codes. as well as with the violence towards african americans. as they are seeking to make something meaningful of their freedom, they are facing resistance from white southerners. this congressman put it, if i am asked which i would sooner trust, i would

it is all white, the little white house. uld like to welcome you to the harry s truman little white house. officialrida's presidential museum and has been used by seven american presidents. it is camp david south. the little white house was built homee navy commander's back in 1890. it has served a number of various commanders over almost a 100-year span, but it was slightly interrupted by presidents taft and franklin roosevelt and harry truman and white eisenhower and jimmy carty and bill clinton, and department of state and the department of defense, so we seem to have a continuum through american history. largestlding was the building on the naval base. this was 9000 square feet. and consequently, it was built originally as the paymaster and commander's home. by 1911, army commander realized since we are getting a little snug, emerged it into a single dwelling of almost 9000 square feet. and at that time, key west was the command headquarters were the seventh naval district, which covered everything from key west to charle

host: do you ever get a call back if you call the white house. guest: i would maybe get a call back after the third call you have to be quite persistent. host: one was the last time you're invited to the white house? guest: it was under bill clinton. he was us bill accardi was a special assistant to handle our group and invited several times but only to see him. host: here you are one of the most hundred most influential people by time i am magazine by atlantic, i'm just flabbergasted that having run from president and i understand there's an old saying in politics that you brings your friends close and your enemies closer. so whatever you are bringing you closer, there's probably a better purpose you think? why think? why do you think there is this resistance to ralph nader? guest: i think two reasons one the 2000 campaign produced a lot of shunning by the democrat in congress and in the white house how dare i challenge a mutating democratic party that is a shell of what it was in the 1960s. we could've gone through all these bills for environmen

taft as she moved through her years in the white house. susan swain: well, this tweet, really, is a nice way to come out of that, asking how did helen's stroke impact the marriage of the tafts? so we have them celebrating their anniversary and you talked about how much he tended to her personally. what did it do that we know to the marriage? lewis l. gould: well, i think it strengthened an already very powerful union that they -- that they had established, because he became president as caregiver and doted on her and worried about her and was constantly solicitous about her. so they were a very devoted couple to begin with. and i think this, alas and sadly, i mean, they would have passed on it if they could have, but it did bring them closer together. i mean, the letters that he wrote to her -- he wrote to her every day when she was away and these were handwritten, six, seven, eight-page letters. now, when you get to woodrow wilson who was writing letters for another reason, but here was taft at the end of a very busy day sitting down and w

white rule in black majority. and so there is an inversion of the power structure. >> the police were largely white, the community was overwhelmingly african-american. >> yes. and the poverty structure is different as well. it is majority white and mostly black. so i think that eric lerner, this issue is real. and it's not obama, who? but everything comes to a president and this is the thing that bothers me. we forget so easily. why are you asking him if he is going to go to ferguson. why not to race issues have come to every president in the book. lbj, john f. kennedy, eisenhower all of these presidents have dealt with issues and acted on it. so people need to understand and so it comes to the president and he is the one who can effectuate change. >> bill clinton, did he come close to african americans considered an apology for slavery? >> there was a speech that he gave when in africa. he did not apologize for slavery. it was a back-and-forth fight between the white house and i will never forget it. and i said that i am not looking for an apology for slavery. and not only be issue of reparations, but people sai

her husband served in the white house from 1909 to 1913. here to tell us about her life and her legacy is her biographer, lewis gould. his biography of her is "helen taft: our musical first lady." you opened the book by making the case that of the 20th century first lady, she's the most obscure, but you say she deserves better from history. tell me quickly why she deserves better than being obscure? mr. gould: well, because she did some things that were, as you've mentioned in your opening, about that were very constructive, i mean, the cherry trees, bringing the classical music -- musicians to the white house, and, generally, trying to make washington the cultural center of the nation. that was her ambition. now, it didn't work out because of medical reasons. but she had an agenda that would have made her rank with eleanor roosevelt or lady bird johnson in terms of transforming washington had things gone the other way. ms. swain: she also seemed to have an agenda to get her husband to the white house. mr. gould: yes, the story is that she d

the congress allocated dollars to the white house to put this event on. this year the congress didn't do that. and so the white house was faced with whatever budget they could come up with themselves. at that point aarp stepped in to work with the white house on some financial support. and it was determined than instead of bringing many, many people to -- so instead of bringing many people to washington, d.c., they would have five regional forums throughout the country. and then they would invite people from surrounding states to attend those. so the folks in california were invited to one in arizona, for example. those were very well attended. i know from hearing reports about what went on in the forums. they were a little different in each one. but again it was gathering information from professionals in the field and older adults themselves about what is important to them. reports were created out of all four of those. and those reports are actually on the white house conference and aging website. so you can look at what came out of the five forums. l.a

house and the washington press corp, predominantly white and male. that has changed. >> you noticed. >> when did the gridiron club change in terms of women and minorities. >> i should have checked the exact year. carl rowen, the columnist, was the first african-american member and he became president in 1988. he became a member in the 70s. and women also was in the 70s. and there was more focus on the change of women and a lot more opposition. there really wasn't opposition to having a black membership. but there were protest dinners, gridiron club dinners and they started attracting more of the big names, george mcgovern made a point of going to the protest dinner instead of the actual dinner. and the members pretty much caved, finally. >> over the years has a dinner ever been canceled or postponed because of a natural disaster. you mentioned war in 1945. >> well they did cancel during world war ii and world war i dinners. the one i just mentioned, the letter with fdr saying he couldn't attend. he died the next week and they did cancel the dinner the

unless the white man himself changes. shows some type of other response, the way he treats us around here, there will not be any riots. these people around here are willing to accept anything good. anything negative or bad, they will respond to it. because this is what they are taught around here. teenager and on up, people have been in gangs. 29-year-old who have been in gangs and they have developed attitudes behind the way they have came up. and i feel definitely that this most utterly will break out again. >> if this young man is a living product of the ravaged negro family institution described by daniel moynihan stanley , represents the opposite. as father recently retired as truck driver, raised his family in the watch area. stanley, his sister, and his brother, one of whom was an olympic heavyweight boxing champion, were born in this house. a rhodes scholar, the third negro ever so honored, he was at your law school but he was at , home during the riots. >> what made the difference between you and most of the othe

you were covering the white house? >> guest: yes. >> host: what happened. >> guest: during the bush years. there's a thing called stakeout, and we all -- all the reporters gather outside after the meetings with the president or principles and they come outside of the west wing door, the front entrance of the west wing, and they stand at a bank of microphones and at this time it happened to be the congressional black caucus that has judd obtain the newest member, senator barack obama from chicago. and everyone was looking for senator obama. and i couldn't see him. and i was so excited about trying to get an interview with him. and at that time, it was interesting because i kept remembering, where is he? what is his name? how to say his name. at that time he was new. i think i transposed his name and he said -- well, i said, where is -- i don't even remember what i called him him said, first of all get my name right. and i was so excited to see him. he was the rock star in chief. this is not about me personally. this was

i passed the home of a prominent white family, the bryans. on the sidewalk one of the boys was playing marbles so i stopped. and i was sure i could beat any of them and said i would like to shoot marbles. i can be to any of view i bet. i stooped down to play and they said to me, forgive my language, we don't want no niggers here. mr. brian sun said that. we don't want no niggers in here. s he did i slapped him with my right hand on this side of the face. and the boy's screams because i had a powerful hand. i was the big strong husky fellow. there were five or six white boys the rest were afraid to even tackle me. his mother ran out and said what is your name boy? we will have you arrested. i said my name is john browne. and i walked away. the bride envoy's father was a lawyer and it happened there really was a colored boy in town named john browne so they got a warrant when the police found him young brian was not the boy who struck him but it did not take them long to discover that it was tom's son who wanted to fight brian. says my father w

unless the white man himself changes. e changes, shows some type of other response, the way he treats us around here, there will not be any rights. because these people around here are willing to accept anything good. anything negative or bad, they will respond to it. tina roger -- teenager and on up, people have been in gangs. they have developed attitudes behind the way they have came up. definitely that most writing will break out again. reporter: is this man a product of the ravaged family institution? represents the opposite. stanley, his sister, and his brother, one of whom was an olympic heavyweight boxing champion, were raised in this house. a rhodes scholar, he is now at yale law school, but he was at home during the riots. chef but what is the difference between you and the other men -- >> what is the difference between you and the other young men? chef but i think the most important difference -- >> i think the most important difference was me and my family. to competeays taught on any level with anybody. report

the congress allocated dollars to the white house to put this event on. this year the congress didn't do that. and so the white house was faced with whatever budget they could come up with themselves. at that point aarp stepped in to work with the white house on some financial support. and it was determined than instead of bringing many, many people to -- so instead of bringing many people to washington, d.c., they would have five regional forums throughout the country. and then they would invite people from surrounding states to attend those. so the folks in california were invited to one in arizona, for example. those were very well attended. i know from hearing reports about what went on in the forums. they were a little different in each one. but again it was gathering information from professionals in the field and older adults themselves about what is important to them. reports were created out of all four of those. and those reports are actually on the white house conference and aging website. so you can look at what came out of the five forums. l.a

>> $232,000 to build the white house. only president never to have lived there. when john adams moved in, it was the largest house in the united states. today according to zillo it would sell for $386 million. >> all right. matt, let's go across the street. >> i want to say susan, for getting that answer right you get a copy of hoda's book, all right? [ cheers and applause ] here we go. what's your name? >> paula. >> where are you from? >> virginia. >> ready for the next question? >> i'm ready. >> which of the following was never used as a name for the white house? presidential estate, president's palace, or executive mansion? >> hmm. i would say b. [ buzzer sounding ] oh! >> oh! >> susan, help us out. >> wow, the correct answer there? >> presidential estate. oh, nice try. it was actually teddy roosevelt who started calling it "the white house." >> good to know. all right, matt. back to you. >> here you go, four copies of hoda's book. [ laughter ] thank you, thank you. all right, who's next. what's your name? >> stacy from

maureen: a lot going on, especially at the white house. eon and kimberly, as you know, it took the president and the international community nearly two years to reach this deal with iran that helped to guarantee it will never acquire nuclear weapons. i spoke with the president this afternoon, who is now on a campaign that takes just three weeks to convince the american people that this deal is good. how can miles per hours -- americans stomach a deal with a country like that? president obama: we don't want them to get nuclear weapons. it's precisely because iran has been antagonistic to us and friends like israel we have to make sure they don't get a nuclear weapon. that has been something that has been a top priority of my administration and also previous democratic and republican administrations. that is why we set up five years of the toughest sanctions ever imposed on iran. which forced them to negotiate. that doesn't mean that we trust iran. it means that we set up such a vigorous system to inspect and verify that they are not getting

. >> get the white man! get the white man! >> it was the most widespread, most destructive racial violence in american history. white people driving through the riot area were considered fair game, whether young or old, men or women. their cars were battered, rioters stoned, kicked, beaten. and the cars were burned. the mobs might grow and curse in disappointment when a white got away and cheer when a car up in flames like a football crowd. the burning and looting, the shooting and beating went on for nearly a week. 34 persons were killed. all but five of them negroes. more than 1,000 persons injured or wounded. more than 200 business places destroyed by fire, 700 more smashed, looted and damaged. negroes with 50,000, 60 million or more. nearly 4,000 persons arrested. the cost in dollars even now is hard to estimate. nearly 4,000 persons arrested. >> shut it off and get out of that car with your hands up. all of you. the one in the back seat, too. come on, get out. get your hands up, i said. drop that purse and get your hands

the congress allocated dollars to the white house to put this event on. this year the congress didn't do that. and so the white house was faced with whatever budget they could come up with themselves. at that point aarp stepped in to work with the white house on some financial support. and it was determined than instead of bringing many, many people to -- so instead of bringing many people to washington, d.c., they would have five regional forums throughout the country. and then they would invite people from surrounding states to attend those. so the folks in california were invited to one in arizona, for example. those were very well attended. i know from hearing reports about what went on in the forums. they were a little different in each one. but again it was gathering information from professionals in the field and older adults themselves about what is important to them. reports were created out of all four of those. and those reports areua

the congress allocated dollars to the white house to put this event on. this year the congress didn't do that. and so the white house was faced with whatever budget they could come up with themselves. at that point aarp stepped in to work with the white house on some financial support. and it was determined than instead of bringing many, many people to -- so instead of bringing many people to washington, d.c., they would have five regional forums throughout the country. and then they would invite people from surrounding states to attend those. so the folks in california were invited to one in arizona, for example. those were very well attended. i know from hearing reports about what went on in the forums. they were a little different in each one. but again it was gathering information from professionals in the field and older adults themselves about what is important to them. reports were created out of all four of those. and those reports are actually on the white house conference and aging website. so you can look at what came out of the five forums. l.a

there is a fight within the white house. he was the president who did the black farmer payout after 17 or 18 years of waiting for that money. he was the president who did that and at the same time it wasn't necessarily, i'm going to do it. it took tactics. >> are you surprised that pres. barack obama didn't make a stronger cases first term? >> know because looking back he had to be who he was. he had to be. >> because of the economy was in such trouble? because. >> because i remember hearing from people within the administration, we don't want to amplify issues of race. we also know race and politics will always follow this precedent. a lot felt they had to walk the fine line because anything they do in this administration that specifically targeted african-americans, they would hear from certain parties, certain groups and go against everything they tried to do. >> april ryan you have been at the white house through a very, very exciting time. thank you for sharing your thoughts and your book here with us today. >> thank you

they represent anywhere from 20% to 40% of the white population. and very little had been written about these. i wanted to see what i could find out. to add to the story of what life was like. central north carolina includes greensboro. and northeast mississippi. they are looking at a very focused area in the hopes that they can start to identify some real individuals that might belong to this social class. looking at papers of wealthier people. sometimes there would even be letters. they oftentimes were illiterate. north carolina had an insolvent debtor's law. apply to take the benefits of this law. it gave me information about these people's lives. and i've gotten information in criminal records because one of the places where they became visible was when they became prosecuted for various crimes and a little bit of a problematic source because most of the people i was talking about were not criminals, but they shared some of the same whatt of life in terms of they did for jobs and what their family relationships were like. i had very few voices o

he said there was an increase in the turnout of whites. thinks tell us why he what he thinks is driving that. benefit, can the you tell us what is dealing with the growth and the turnout. , what are some of the interests in stopping minorities from voting. host: thank you. the question is what is driving minority voter turnout? guest: i think the senses is a thing we are really good at as we document what happens. it seems like i would know somebody who could answer that. institute thehe question is we cannot tell you for certain, to be totally fair. is that the population itself has grown more diverse. thingsme one of the we're not really touched on is what we are seeing happen now with the electorate is really what we expected to happen long-term with the debate. the base will grow increasingly hispanic. absolutely that this population becomes more hispanic it is more popular than there was in the past. there are more voters in the population. other than that it is hard to determine what leads to voter turnout. on a grandelection scale, w