also joined by the conference's keynote speaker, reverend james lawson, civil rights icon and holman umctor emeritus. dr. martlled lawson "the leading theorist and strategist of nonviolence in the world." we welcome you both to democracy reverend lawson, let's begin with you. can you tell us your memories of august 6, 1945? where were you? how old were you? >> i was 17 years old, a junior in high school, getting ready to start my final year in ohio. i will never forget because shortly after the bomb was dropped on the sixth of august, the national forensic league changed its debate topic for schools across the country from whatever it was already designated to a new topic. and that topic when something like this -- does the atomic bomb make mass armies obsolete? which meant, for as at washington high school, in enormous amount of work of study, of research, of reading. so that was our debate topic from september until june of that 1945-1946. amy: did you have any sense of the mass casualties? i remember the stories, hearing about the stories, especially at los alamos, of the footage that